Negative Effects of Urbanization on Agriculture in Punjab

Running Head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Research Proposal
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Table of Contents
Background..................................................................................................................................2
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Effects of Urbanization on Agriculture.......................................................................................3
Loss in Crop production affected Punjab....................................................................................4
Urbanization causing loss of agricultural land in Punjab............................................................4
Research Aims/ objectives...........................................................................................................5
Research Questions......................................................................................................................5
Literature Gap..................................................................................................................................6
Methodology....................................................................................................................................6
Research Design..........................................................................................................................7
Study population/sampling..........................................................................................................7
Instruments for collecting data....................................................................................................9
The data analysis..........................................................................................................................9
The ethical consideration.................................................................................................................9
Key Outcomes and limitation........................................................................................................10
Reference.......................................................................................................................................11

2RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Research Topic - How Urbanization has negative effects on the agriculture production in
Punjab(India)
Background
The urbanization is the primary reason behind the economy of a country. However, India
is also in the race and investing majorly in the urbanization in every state. The urbanization has
various positive outcomes but the negative impacts on the agricultural field. In the recent years,
Punjab is going through the urbanization which is ultimately reducing the agricultural activities.
The The rapid growth in the economy has underpinned the urbanization. Since time immemorial,
Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy. It has provided livelihood to more
than 70 % of the total population (Maparu& Mazumder, 2017).
At present it is contributing to 20 % of GDP. In the whole world, India is considered to
be the second largest populated country after China being the first. The present study is
concerned about the negative effects of rapid urbanization on Indian agriculture, especially on
Punjab(Datta, 2015). As per the latest reports, the goals of 100 smart cities has included the cities
like Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Amritsar have been included from Punjab. The government of India
has planned various plans for the urban management. At the same time, the rural population has
decreased from 72.19 % to 68. 84% from 2001 to 2011. The smart cities are aimed to be
prepared by the industrial policy development with greater infrastructure facilities. The lands are
being taken by the industrialists for developmental projects. The country is developing for sure
but the fertile lands are being lost. The major reason behind the urbanization in Punjab is the
migration of people due to less agricultural opportunity and primary sector job. The production
has been reduced as compared to the early years. The study will find out how much loss has
happened in the crop production and which crops are affected of Punjab (Indiaspend.com 2019).

3RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Literature Review
Effects of Urbanization on Agriculture
The rapid urbanization brings huge changes in the demand of the agricultural products.
The changes are both in the diets and the demands in the urban population. It has brought the
changes and persists in driving the changes in meeting the demands. The population is rising
and the demand of food production is also rising. There has to be enough food to feed everyone
on earth. It can bring huge change in how the farmers, the corporations and the companies
benefit from that. The urbanization might also bring huge changes in the rural food security
along with the urban areas(Liaqut et al., 2019). The urbanization in the modern age is founded on
the higher productivity which is extracted from the service sector and industrial activities. In
Punjab, it is the “pull factor “which motivates the rural people to move to the urban lands.
Notably, in a particular country, there is a highly urbanized area producing greater amount of the
urban production, there has to be a significant labor force to the agricultural lands in order to
feed the civilization. That geographical area where there is abundance of natural agriculture
becomes urbanized earlier (Abid et al., 2016).
Taken for example, Amritsar, Chandīgarh, Bhatinda are the most updated cities of
Punjab.At the same time, these areas are the first to be losing their lands to the modern
development and urbanization (Mukthar et al., 2018). It has been shown that agriculture helps in
the economic growth of a country in three ways such as supplying the food in the urban areas,
supplying the foreign exchange from the agricultural export and supplying the surplus labor to
the industrial sector along with supply in the savings for the industrial investment (Gill, 2015).
The most considerable question is how the agriculture of the country will be affected by the