Impact of Fairness on Employee Performance in NHS

This research proposal focuses on studying the impact of fairness at workplace on the performance of employees in the National Health Service (NHS). It provides a brief overview of the research project, rationale for the selection of the topic, aim and objectives, research questions, and a short review of relevant literature. The proposal also discusses the research strategy and methodology, including the research philosophy, approach, and methods of data collection. The importance of gender equality for NHS in improving employee performance and various approaches to promote gender equality at the workplace are also explored.

Research Proposal
Table of Contents

Working Title: “To study about the impact of fairness at workplace on performance of
employees.” an investigation conducted on NHS............................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1
1.1. Brief overview of research project..................................................................................1
1.2. Rational and justification for selection of research topic................................................1
1.3. Aim and objectives..........................................................................................................2
1.4. Research questions..........................................................................................................2
2. A Short review of relevant literature review................................................................................2
3. The research strategy and methodology......................................................................................5
4. Logistical and ethical considerations...........................................................................................8
5. Planned timetable for various elements of work..........................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

Working Title: “To study about the impact of fairness on performance of
employees.” an investigation conducted on NHS.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Brief overview of research project
National Health Service (NHS) is a well known publicly funded healthcare system that
aim at facilitating a comprehensive and wide range of universal health services for all people of
UK. This organisation is bifurcated into four separate system serving each part of UK which
includes England, Scotland, Wales and health and social care in Northern Ireland (Dowker,
2019). Thus, as operations of this organisation are divided into four different areas therefore, an
effective and proper coordination and management is required to ensure enhanced performance
of all four units. This, cannot be achieved without facilitating an atmosphere and culture of
equilaty especially without reducing the case of gender inequality and discrimination as it lead to
a feeling of dissatisfaction and stress among staff that hamper their performance and efficiency
(Gavin and et. al., 2017). Thus, the current research work is accomplished on the topic of gender
equality in order to evaluate and analysis the positive implication and better affects of gender
equality on performance and motivation level of employees of NHS.
1.2. Rational and justification for selection of research topic
The selection of current research topic is rational and justifiable as many health care
organisations are facing a issues of gender discrimination and inequality at their workplace that
has negative impact and hampered the performance and motivation level of staff. Thus, current
research topic that is based on investigation about the positive influence of gender equality over
the performance of healthcare organisation is justifiable. Further, the current investigation also
facilitates better understanding about the strategies and approach that can be adopted by a health
care organisation to promote gender equality at workplace thus, this investigation is important
and crucial from view point of organisation and its employees as it ensures development of more
fair and positive workplace. Further, the selected topic is also vital and crucial from academic
view point of researcher and ensures accomplishment of its educational target and provides
enhanced knowledge and information for scholars.
1

1.3. Aim and objectives
The main aim of current research work is, “To investigate about the influence of gender
equality over the performance of healthcare organisation.”
Research Objectives
The main purpose and objectives behind conducting this research project on NHS
organisation are stated and discussed as follows:
 To identify several reasons behind gender inequality within workplace.
 To determine the importance of gender equality for NHS in improving its employees'
performance.
 To ascertain several approaches that can be adopted by NHS to promote gender equality at
workplace.
1.4. Research questions
The research questions and problem that are to be answered through current research work
includes following:
 What are the several reasons that have lead to enhancement in gender inequality within
workplace?
 What is possible importance and benefits of gender equality for NHS in improving its
employees performance.
 What are the several approaches that can be adopted by NHS to promote gender equality at
workplace?
2. A Short review of relevant literature review
A Literature review is type of scholarly paper which represent the present knowledge
including with facts and findings as well as some of the contribution with related topic. As about
to this research the literature review is determine the gender equality at workplace where it will
involves the importance and implication with benefits in this report(Gordini and Rancati, 2017).
a) To identify several reasons behind the gender inequality within workplace.
According to the Julie Wilson, 2019. The gender equality at workplace is defies as the
discrimination prohibited within the organization by which every worker or workforce is treated
equally and provides the opportunity as in same performance basis (Koskinen Sandberg, 2017).
2

The concept of equality at workplace and in the surrounding represents a condition where the
men and women are treated in a same manner and mapped on the basis of their competencies.
The main reasons that lead to creation of issues of gender inequality at workplace are discussed
below:
1. Sexual Harassment: In organization workforce has allocate security and other regulatory
laws of safety during at workplace in terms of allowances and health insurances, but
sexual harassment is more common and important element for the women’s safety where
this laws should be applicable in every company’s core values without proceeding for it
creates causes and conflicts between workforce and organization culture.
2. Unequal Pay: the most common reason that lead to creation of gender inequality at
workplace consists of unfair pay and discrimination in incentives of men and women. It
has been observed that women are facing a high level of discrimination in payment of
salary that is mainly lower than the men working at the same job profile. Thus, It can be
evaluated that unequal pay is the biggest reason that lead to creation of a situation of
gender inequality where men are paid more than females.
3. Work promotion of men is higher than Women: As in an earlier discussion that men
having a strong implication than women in terms of higher capabilities where they seems
to be perform better than women as per the organization perspective by which company
promotes the workforce of men more frequently rather than women.
As above discussion of reason behind of gender equality implication at workplace by
which National Health services, United Kingdom based hospitality venture where these three
stated implication has to be improve and implement into their organization premises for better
development, and also to implement Qualitative method to investigate the details about the
benefits of gender equality in the organization.(Tarnopolsky, 2019).
b). To determine the importance of gender equality for NHS in improving employee
performances.
With respect to the information provided by Rossa Brown, 2020, it has been observed
that the creation of gender equality at workplace is significant and important for an orgnisation
which lead a positive impact in improving performance of employees through leading and
3

creating a more a optimistic and encouraging workplace. The other benefits and importance of
gender equality for NHS in improving employee performances are evaluated as follows:
Wider talent pool- Leading gender equality at workplace ensures a wider pool of talent
employees through offering equal job opportunity for both males and females. Thus, creation of
gender equality enhance the performance and efficiency level of workforces through recruiting
both men and women on fair basis according to the their skills and competencies thus, play vital
role in enhancing productivity and performance of employees.
Preventing the sexual harassment: The another benefit of leading gender equality at
workplace consists of reduction in cases of sexual harassment that lead a more positive impact
on mind set of employees that enhance their work efficiency and performance. There should be a
proper compliance of laws applicable in organization which helps to women by eliminating the
sexual assault within the organization by which increases the women interaction as the work
development. As above points are highlighted for the National Health Services company favor of
gender equality.
Improved staff retention- The another advantage and benefit of leading gender equality
at workplace that improves performance of employees of NHS consists of the fact that reduction
in sexual discrimination would lead to a more healthy and positive workplace environment that
improved staff retention rate which enhance the overall performance and efficiency of
employees.
3) To uncertainty by several approaches which can implemented by National Health Services
to promote gender equality at work place.
According to the Arvind Rongala, 2019. As to the promote of gender equality in the
organization premises where it influence as positive which enhanced the work coordination
between men and women by which it creates the better organization work culture. The
approaches which can be implement by National Health Services company within their premises.
1) By alternate hiring enhancement of diversity improvised: The some companies are
reform to consider the better gender diversity in their premises where the work division allotment
as per the competences within men and women by which it will creates better job opportunities,
increase in productivity and having good compensation practices between men and women.
2) By considering leadership roles for both men and women: In organization where at
previous times the men were supposed to be leaders by which it seems to be men are more
4

proactive and productive then women there is reason that they are made to bean leader but due to
gender equality now the participation is equal with the one objective by which women are also
having competencies where they can compete with the men potential as well as they are also get
appointed to be an leadership category.
3) Fair payment irrespective of their gender: The concept of equality in payment of
wages within an organization is very common in terms of performances or productivity in work,
there should be transparency in paying to employees work by eliminating discrimination of pay
rates issues which consists equality pays in terms of salaries through gender equality with the
respect of men and women. Thus, it can be evaluated that providing fair payment to all
employees irrespective of their gender or sex is also a vital way to have reduction in gender
inequality in order to promote a high level of gender equality at workplace.
4) Prioritize the work life balance: As in gender equality men are very flexible to handle
the work life as well as professional but for women it is hard to manage the work life and
professional life where they have to face some challenges in context of childcare, personal
homecare etc which can create barrier into their professional work by which they get distracted
or somehow they try to maintain the work life balance.
3. The research strategy and methodology
A Research methodology is generates the complies of particular process and practices
which are operated by a researcher or expertise to analyze, select, process of investigation and
evaluation the information about the data which are co related with a specific topic of the
research(Bauwens, and et. al., 2019).
Research Philosophy:
It consists the philosophy in two significant factor Positivism and Interpretivism research
Philosophy. For the particular research there is use of Positivism research philosophy has been
selected is proceeds the detailed investigation as it helps to predict the right set of belief for
attaining the research outcomes because as in this research there is Quantitative method assorted
where it only focused into respondent behavior while, interpretivism will not give the optimum
outcomes it follows the detailed information.
Research approach:
It formally represent the two approaches of research deductive approach and Inductive
approach. As for the particular research the optimal use of Deductive approach is selected by it
5

generates the better theory which improvised the hypothesis where it helps to leads towards right
optimum of research’s conclusion.
Research Method:
Research method having a Qualitative and Quantitative research method which is
elaborate below:
Qualitative research: By assort of this research method which is optimized by the
individual researcher when the objective of research is requires the in-depth or detailed
knowledge as well as it also indicates the behavior of respondent is collected for the purpose of
research.
Advantage: The qualitative research method is generates the more content information
about the research which is very useful for practical application in which helps to make
understand the core values as per the outsider perspective.
Disadvantage: The only big problem can arises it would be that sample size wich can be
distract the researcher from the research objectives.
Quantitative research: According to this research method the data is gathered in format of
numeric or arithmetic form and only reflects the view point with the respective of respondent’s
reaction towards the research objectives but it will not determined detailed knowledge(Abel,
2019).
Advantage: The Quantitative research method allows the higher amount of sample size
in which the researcher can investigate the objectives about the data.
Disadvantage: The Quantitative research method doesn’t focuses the meaning behind
socialize subjective in another words this research method not determine the motives of people
about the research topic.
As to scrutinizing forthis research there is use of Quantitative research method by which
the participants reviews or answer of the questionnaires will get from his quantitative method
through primary source of data collection .
In Quantitative research method there is important role of Positivism Philosophy and
Deductive approach by which it leads to help towards reaching the conclusion.
Sources of Data Collection
6

It basically contain two sources of data collection Primary and Secondary sources which
is explained below:
Primary: The Data which has been collected from primary source basically consists of
the first hand data or which is operate and investigate self assessment of the data to meet the
objectives. Primary source of data collection is determines about an individuals researcher from
the interviews, surveys, feedbacks etc (Wiengarten, Lo, and Lam, 2017).
Secondary: This source of data provides the mobility about the data which has its
existence already and researcher has been gathered the data from other’s information research
documents, internet websites, articles or newspaper etc (Dowker., 2019).
There is use of Primary and Secondary data both where the primary source will help to
allocate the respondent’s answers from questionnaires and Secondary will allows to evaluate the
findings from primary source outcomes (Galbreath, 2018).
Sampling Method:
A Sampling method is operates by an researcher for opted or select pre considered
number of units data and observation with proper analyzation with the determination of set of
data.
Probability: Under this type of sampling method every participant of a related
population has equal chance of being selected (Alonso-Almeida, and et. al.,2018). Thus,
implication of Probability sampling leads to a check on biasness and favouritism during the
course of investigation.
Non-Probability: This type of sampling method is mainly associated with the technique
where responders are selected from a population on the basis of some scientific calculation or
any other basis.
As for this research there is assort of Probability sampling by which 25 respondents are
selected from the employees of National Health Services and their reviews and thoughts are
collected on the topic of gender equality at workplace questionnaires , by which this probability
sampling helps to leads with the actual data findings with equal proportion.
Questionnaire:
As it is the written document which actual determines set or ample of questions related
with the specific topic of research by which it gathered as the opinion on eth basis of respondent.
7

Instrument Used: As for this research the instrument is been used with the support of
Primary source to making of questionnaire for gathering and procuring of respondent answers or
reviews (Gavin and et. al.,2017).
4. Logistical and ethical considerations
Logistical considerations are mainly associated with the strategy adopted with the
researcher which acts as a set of guiding principles, driving forces and attitudes that help in
properly coordinating and conducting a research work or project (Koskinen Sandberg, 2017).
Further, logistical considerations also includes and provide description about the various
resources used by researcher together with their procurement strategy. In context of current
research the estimated cost of all resources and expanse required for current research is £ 200.
Further, the logistical consideration for current research project includes various resources that
are used for accomplishment of current research topic that includes human resources, technical
resources and financial resources together with statistical resources that includes use of various
instruments and tools like questionnaire.
Apart from this, to meet the ethical considerations and other research implications
associated with conducting a research project, all the principles and necessary code of conduct
are complied by researcher in order to fulfil ethical consideration. Further, to ensure better
implication of research a due consent and prior approval is availed form all participants to ensure
that none of research task or activity could affect or harm any person or individual neither
physically nor mentally. Along with this the updated version of BERA ( British educational
research association) code of ethic are also complied and implicated for current investigation that
support more effective educational researcher to achieve highest level of ethical standards in all
context of an investigation. Implication of BERA code of ethic includes and consists of a wealth
of links to other resources on ethics along with legislative requirements and best practice
5. Planned timetable for various elements of work
Various activities are associated with a research work that should be performed by an
researcher to accomplish research objectives. A description about various research activities and
task associated with current investigation is provided below in from of a planned timetable:
Research activities Time duration
Aims and objective 2 days
8

Literature review 5 days
Research methodology 7 days
Data collection 10 days
Data analysis 13 days
Conclusion and recommendations 8 days
Final submission 3 days
Further, to have more systematic and practical presentation of all planned research
activity use of Gantt chart has been made for current investigation. Gantt chart is mainly a
project management tool that is used to bring clarity and transparency in research work through
properly organising all research activity in form of a bar chart (Gordini and Rancati, 2017). This,
graphical or diagrammatic presentation lead to development of a flow of various operations and
activities that ensures timely completion of all task and also reduce the chances of chaos and
overlapping of research activity and work.
9

REFERENCES
Books and journal
Gordini, N. and Rancati, E., 2017. Gender diversity in the Italian boardroom and firm financial
performance. Management Research Review.
Koskinen Sandberg, P., 2017. Intertwining gender inequalities and gender‐neutral legitimacy in
job evaluation and performance‐related pay. Gender, Work & Organization. 24(2).
pp.156-170.
Tarnopolsky, M., 2019. Gender differences in metabolism: practical and nutritional
implications. CRC Press.
Smith, D.G and et. al., 2019. The power of language: Gender, status, and agency in performance
evaluations. Sex Roles.80(3-4). pp.159-171.
10

Hussain, N., Rigoni, U. and Orij, R.P., 2018. Corporate governance and sustainability
performance: Analysis of triple bottom line performance. Journal of Business Ethics.
149(2). pp.411-432.
Bauwens, R and et. al., 2019. Performance management fairness and burnout: implications for
organizational citizenship behaviors. Studies in Higher Education. 44(3). pp.584-598.
Kaplin, W.A., and et. al.,2019. The Law of Higher Education, A Comprehensive Guide to Legal
Implications of Administrative Decision Making. John Wiley & Sons.
Manita, R and et. al.,2018. Board gender diversity and ESG disclosure: evidence from the USA.
Journal of Applied Accounting Research.
Chong, L.L., Ong, H. B. and Tan, S. H., 2018. Corporate risk-taking and performance in
Malaysia: the effect of board composition, political connections and sustainability
practices. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society.
Abel, S., 2019. Opera in the flesh: Sexuality in operatic performance. Routledge.
Wiengarten, F., Lo, C.K. and Lam, J.Y., 2017. How does sustainability leadership affect firm
performance? The choices associated with appointing a chief officer of corporate social
responsibility. Journal of business ethics. 140(3). pp.477-493.
Dowker, A., 2019. Individual differences in arithmetic: Implications for psychology,
neuroscience and education. Routledge.
Galbreath, J., 2018. Is board gender diversity linked to financial performance? The mediating
mechanism of CSR. Business & Society. 57(5). pp.863-889.
Alonso-Almeida, and et. al.,2018. Sustainability in small tourist businesses: the link between
initiatives and performance. Current Issues in Tourism. 21(1). pp.1-20.
Gavin, L and et. al.,2017. New clinical performance measures for contraceptive care: their
importance to healthcare quality. Contraception. 96(3). pp.149-157.
Online:
Julie Wilson, 2019 .Issues Fueling Gender Inequality in the Workplace. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.asyousow.org/blog/gender-equality-workplace-issues />.
Arvind Rongala, 2019. Managing Cultural Diversity .[Online]. Available
through:<https://www.invensislearning.com/blog/workplace-gender-equality/>.
Rossa Brown. 2020. 7 benefits of gender diversity in the workplace.[Online]. Available
through:< https://www.workplace.com/blog/diversity-in-the-workplace/ >.
11