Teamwork and Organizational Culture

This assignment delves into the relationship between organizational culture and teamwork effectiveness. It analyzes how various aspects of organizational culture, such as leadership styles, communication patterns, and values, influence team performance. The assignment also discusses strategies for fostering a positive and collaborative work environment that promotes teamwork success. It draws upon relevant theories and models to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
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Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................3
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
a) Compare and contrast different organizational structure and culture for two different
organizations (1.1)...........................................................................................................................3
b) Explain the relationship between an organization's structure and culture and its effects on
organization's performance (1.2).....................................................................................................5
c) Explain the various factors that might influence the way individuals behave at workplace (1.3)
.........................................................................................................................................................5
Task 2....................................................................................................................................................7
a) Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles and evaluate the impact of styles on
organizations (2.1)...........................................................................................................................7
b) Explain how organizational theory is linked to the style of management which is most likely
to be practiced in both the organizations (2.2).................................................................................7
c) Evaluate different approaches to management and leadership theories (2.3)..............................8
d) Discuss the impact that leadership styles are likely to have on the behavior of staff members at
both the organizations (3.1).............................................................................................................8
e) Compare the application of the different motivational theories which both the organizations
have adopted. Evaluate the impacts of such theories (3.2)..............................................................9
f) Evaluate how the management of both City College and Enterprise's workforce could apply
these theories in practice and explain the benefits also (3.3)...........................................................9
g) Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within the workforce of City College and
Enterprise Car Rent (4.1)...............................................................................................................10
h) Identify the factors that could make a team effective and also those factors that may impede
the success and effectiveness of a team (4.2)................................................................................10
i) Explain the impact of technology on the performance of both the organizations (4.3).............11
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................11
References .........................................................................................................................................12
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Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Edgar Schein model of organizational culture...............................................................6
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INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is the field of research where in managers and leaders can
comprehend the behavior and attitude of employees in different situations. The present research
study has been made on City College and Enterprise Car Rental. By considering both the
organizations, the concept of organizational behavior has been discussed. Further, researcher has
also discussed different leadership and motivational styles which both the cited organizations have
adopted for the purpose of managing organizational aspects. Along with this discussion, researcher
has also discussed the nature of group and group behavior in the enterprise. There are several
factors that make team functioning effective; thus a few factors are discussed in the subsequent
research report.
TASK 1
a) Compare and contrast different organizational structure and culture for two different
organizations (1.1)
Organizational structure is considered as the way through which leaders and managers of
City College and Enterprise Car Rental can delegate the duties and responsibilities to all concerned
employees and the same concept also defines the chain of communication with top management.
On the other hand, organizational culture is termed as the morals, philosophies and values which
City College and Enterprise Car Rental have to consider while managing different organizational
aspects (Eisele and et.al., 2013). Cultural values and norms can change the environment aspects in
both the organizations and it can also change the way by which people interact with each other. Tall
organizational structure is followed at the time when the chain of hierarchies is more. Management
levels increases since the organization grows and prevailing structure allows the managers to
facilitate controlling on other's actions. The subsequent structure provides clear scenario of
managing things; however challenges begin when the structure gets too tall.
On the contrary, Flat organizational structure have fewer management levels and each level
has different controlling broad area (Greenberg, 2003). Further, the structure also focuses on
empowering employees rather than adhering to the chain of command. In long chain of command,
employees have to follow all the people who are concerned with the work process. The subsequent
structure is similar to centralized structure wherein top management has the authority to delegate
duties and responsibilities to others. Other one is the short chain of command in which people of
City College has to follow fewer regulations because of flexibility in organizational aspects.
Enterprise Car Rent has been following narrow breadth of control where in top management have
fewer powers to facilitate controlling aspects on acts of employees.
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Under organization culture, City College gives appropriate directions to all the employees so
that proper environment can be developed at workplace. In such respect, power culture has been
adopted by the management where in the power remains with fewer people only and others are not
authorized to undertake organizational decisions (Harvey, Millett and Smith, 1998). Enterprise Car
Rent has been following task culture where in chief emphasis has been given towards
accomplishment of all the tasks. Teams are formed at the organization for the purpose of achieving
defined targets and critical problems. The other category of organizational culture is person culture
where in the employees are valued more compared to organizational work processes. Another one is
the role culture where every employee is delegated roles and responsibilities according to the
specialization and qualification. Such culture provides different rights and responsibilities to the
employees.
However as per the model of Edgar Schein, organizations do not adopt a culture in a single
day because everyday different things happen that changes their environment. Hence, Schein
believed that there are three levels in an organization culture and that are mentioned in the below
section: Artifacts: The first level is the characteristics of the organization which is easily viewed,
heard and felt by collective individuals and all these aspects come under artifacts. It also
includes the dress code of the employees, employee behavior, office infrastructure and many
other things (Hoffmann, 200Harvey, Millett and Smith, 19987). Values: Employees values and norms are considered as important for the model because the
thought process and attitude of employees have deep impact on the culture of organization.
 Assumed values: The third level is the assumed values of the employees which cannot be
measured but it make a difference to the organizational culture. Equal importance is given to
both male and female employees which further also increases employee satisfaction level.
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b) Explain the relationship between an organization's structure and culture and its effects on
organization's performance (1.2)
Organizational culture and structure have inverse relationship with each other and both the
aspects emphasis on achieving targets and aims. Structure and culture influences the performance of
employees and it also changes the way in which people react in varied situations. For instance-
organization that has hierarchical structure of managing duty delegation aspect (in which power
remains with top authority) reflects lack of freedom and autonomy at the lower levels in cultural
values (Matusitz and Leanza, 2011). On the other hand, employees of City College are more valued
because the management believes in retaining people. Hence, this denotes that organizational
structure and culture both can impact its performance. Further, these aspects directly impact the
motivational level of employees and further affect the organizational productivity. Following task
culture at the workplace helps Enterprise Car Rent to accomplish all the targets adequately and this
is also essential in terms of maximizing the growth opportunities.
c) Explain the various factors that might influence the way individuals behave at workplace (1.3)
People working at City College and Enterprise Car Rent get affected through different
factors which further also changes their behavior (Pardey, 2007). Some of the chief factors are
mentioned in the below section: Working environment: Working environment of the workplace changes the behavior of
employees of City College and as a consequence, this impacts the overall efficacy of the
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Ill
ustration 1: Edgar Schein model of
organizational culture
(Source:Holton, 2001)

organization. Leadership and management: Employee behavior at Enterprise Car Rent changes due to
leadership and management aspects because leaders generally believe in giving directions
not in considering suggestions from other employees (Blomme and Lintelo, 2012).
 Motivation level: Employee behavior at Enterprise Car Rent changes due to motivational
aspects and especially at the time when they are not provided any sort of benefit from the
management.
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TASK 2
a) Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles and evaluate the impact of styles on
organizations (2.1)
Leadership is the aspect through which leaders can provide proper directions to the
followers regarding the achievement of organizational aims and objectives. There are different
leadership styles in general and the one that is followed at City College is Participative style where
in the leader involve employees also in decision making aspects (Booth, 2004). The subsequent
style is considered as the most influencing style because interest of all the employees have been
included in such aspect. Another crucial style of leadership is Autocratic style in which leaders do
not allow the employees to participate in decision making process. The style generally hampers
employee interest and as a consequence, it affects organizational productivity.
However, on the other hand, having such style can maintain disciplinary actions in the
organization. Leadership style followed at Enterprise Car Rent is democratic style in which all the
employees are allowed to participate in decision making process (Eisele and et.al., 2013). The style
seems to be effective for the organization because it encourages employees to facilitate more
creativity and innovation in the work processes. Improvements can be made in the decision making
process because all the employees are involved in organizational work processes. Leaders aids the
employees to become responsible and for that they delegate adequate responsibilities to them as per
employee specifications.
b) Explain how organizational theory is linked to the style of management which is most likely to
be practiced in both the organizations (2.2) Classical theory- This theory was given by Henry Fayol and FW Taylor and they state that
an organization must lay down emphasis on the full utilization of human resources. In order
to make their best utilization firm must provide good working conditions to them (French,
2011). Along with this they must be treated in proper manner at the workplace. All these
things will make good labor and management relationship. This will lead to better utilization
of workforce.
 Neoclassical theory- These theories state that an organization must try to understand the
employee's requirements. In respect to this many changes can be bring at the workplace.
Abraham Maslow and Vroom expectancy theory comes under this school. If employee's
needs will be satisfied then they will be motivated to work hard. This will ultimately lead to
achievement of organization objectives.
 Modern theories- It include theories that are related to the employee learning process and
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quality improvement (Greenberg, 2003). These theories state that an organization must
always try to promote learning process in an organization. In this regard, training programs
can be organized time to time. By doing this employee skills will get developed and their
career planning will be done in proper manner. This will lead to increase in efficiency in an
organization. Hence, it can be said that these theories state that managers must work for the
employee's because this is beneficial for both employee's and organization.
c) Evaluate different approaches to management and leadership theories (2.3) Classical: Classical approach usually focuses on chief purpose of management and it also
develops scope of making organizational structure more appropriate. The approach believes
in undertaking adequate decisions for organization; thus this is the purpose, City College is
acquiring more number of entities. It has been observed that the subsequent approach assist
City college to maintain unity of action and orientation and this usually develops
disciplinary actions.
 Human relations: It has been observed that human relation approach is adopted at
Enterprise Car Rent where in chief focus has been given towards developing better
relationships with the employees (Harvey, Millett and Smith, 1998). This aids the
management to retain all the employees for maximum time period. As per the approach, the
manager of subsequent organization emphasizes on building long term and effective
relationships with the workforces. This is the most frequently used system as that
concentrates on analyzing behavior of people at workplace. This is also regarded as the best
approach of reducing the level of conflicts.
d) Discuss the impact that leadership styles are likely to have on the behavior of staff members at
both the organizations (3.1)
Leaders must have the ability to influence others through managing things in adequate way
and this also has significant impact on employee behavior and attitude. Leaders of City college
make sure that they are giving equal importance to all the employees and along with the same,
leaders are also required to respect cultural aspects of all the employees (Hiriyappa, 2009). As per
the adopted style of leadership at City college, leader is able to generate confidence among the
employees through giving them power and responsibilities about work aspects. Further, this also
aids the employees to become more supportive to the management and as a result, they are
contributing more in goal achievement process.
On the other hand, Enterprise Car Rent has democratic leadership style in which all the
employees are allowed to participate in decision making process and as an impact, employees
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contribute their efforts in increasing organizational performance level (Hoffmann, 2007). This also
aids the employees to maintain disciplinary aspects while managing different work processes.
Leadership aspects changes employee behavior and as a result, it changes the overall environment
of the organization. This is also vital in terms of developing proper culture at workplace.
e) Compare the application of the different motivational theories which both the organizations have
adopted. Evaluate the impacts of such theories (3.2)
Employee motivation is necessary to consider because that aids the management to manage
all the work processes in adequate way. Thus, in such respect City college has been following
Maslow's need hierarchy theory where in motivational level of employees are considered at the
primary level (Holton, 2001). The framework has several hierarchies and at all the levels, needs of
the employees are specified; thus it aids the employer to satisfy the workforce from all the aspects.
Application of the theory aids City College to identify the level of job satisfaction. On the other
hand, during the period of change processes, the management of City College encourages the
employees at each and every step by putting them on the hierarchy of needs.
1. Physiological needs - Air, food, drink, shelter, warmth and sleep
2. Safety needs - Protection from elements, security, order, law, limits and stability
3. Social Needs - Belongingness and Love, work group, family, affection and relationships
4. Esteem needs - Self-esteem, achievement, independence, status, dominance, prestige and
managerial responsibility
5. Self-Actualization needs - Realizing personal potential, self-fulfilment, seeking personal
growth and peak experiences.
Further, Enterprise Car Rent has been focusing on Herzberg Two factor in which two major
aspects are considered such as motivators and hygienic factors (Mann, 2011). The dimensions
covered under motivators reflects all those forces that improve the morale of employees;
nonetheless, on the other side, hygienic forces encounters all those facets that promote
dissatisfaction in the organization. These factors are also regarded as dimensions that affect the
morale of employees; therefore it is essential for Enterprise Car Rent to give the employees
appropriate roles and responsibilities for improving encouragement level.
f) Evaluate how the management of both City College and Enterprise's workforce could apply these
theories in practice and explain the benefits also (3.3)
In order to apply these theories into work practices, it is essential for the management of
City College to consider employee motivation in each and every hierarchy. Hence, for the purpose
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of appropriate application, it is essential for the management of City college to make a chart of
hierarchies in which listing should be made about each and every aspect so that employee needs can
be identified adequately (Matusitz and Leanza, 2011). The theory is also beneficial in terms of
interpreting human desires and motivation in different perspectives. Further, it also aids City college
to focus on the cultural aspects of the employees so that they can retain people for longer span of
time. On the other hand, Herzberg two factor theory is also advantageous for the management of
Enterprise Car Rent because the application of subsequent theory assists the management to
eradicate all those facets that affects employee morale and organizational performance.
The advantages of Herzberg's theory is that it identifies all those aspects that in general
motivates and demotivates groups of employees, some of which are in the control of managers.
Hence, from the discussion, it is clear that application of both the theories are essential for the
management because both are significant from different dimensions (Pardey, 2007). However, while
applying these theories into practice, the management of both the cited organizations have to make
sure that the procedures are well acquainted with employee interest.
g) Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within the workforce of City College and
Enterprise Car Rent (4.1)
Groups are developed at City College for the purpose of managing the objective aspects in
adequate manner. Formal and informal groups are developed at both the organizations so that
workforce can share their problems and issues which they face in the organization. Teams and
groups both are formed for different purposes and both can be winded after completing the purpose
for which they are formed (Pfister, 2009). When people work together in a team or in a group, they
face issues as well because of difference of opinion and as a consequence, this generates conflicts
among the employees. On the other hand, at Enterprise Car Rent group behavior is considered as
the most influencing aspect for the management because several people are involved in a single
team or group. Hence, this assists the management to take innovative and effectual decisions.
h) Identify the factors that could make a team effective and also those factors that may impede the
success and effectiveness of a team (4.2)
There are various factors that assist the course of City College and Rent-A-Car Enterprises
in the formulation of teams but contradicting to this, there are factors that create hindrance in
formulating appropriate teams that can affect the level of functioning. Following are the factors that
assist City College in forming smart and effective team such as: having proper level of
communication, adequate amount of understanding between the people as well as effective
leadership. While on the other hand factors that inhibits teamwork are internal conflicts, varied
thinking and lack of coordination between the employees (Robbins, 2009). Apart from this, factors
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encourages team work at Rent-A-Car Enterprises are level of motivation between the employees,
adequate amount of support from senior authority and better interpersonal relationship. While
factors that distracts teamwork are culture, untrained employees and technical factors. Therefore, in
order to have effective teamwork it is important for Rent-A-Car Enterprises to provide better
environment for working as well as improve the technological factors so as to enhance the level of
functioning.
i) Explain the impact of technology on the performance of both the organizations (4.3)
Technology in the current corporate world plays a crucial role as every company wants to
expand or enhance the business enterprise. But use of excess technological aspects affects the
teamwork adversely. City College possess better teamwork because of the reason that staff follows
proper structure and carry out work in effective way (Sims, 2002). Further, with the help of
technology employees are able to communicate in the best possible manner which leads to
minimize the duplication of work as well as minimize the risks and uncertainties. In addition to it,
technology also helps in improving the level of work that employees are executing operations with
ease and generating desired results and outcomes for the top level management of cited college.
Lastly, with the help of technical support, teachers are able to provide quality of education to the
students which indirectly enhance the brand value for college and maintain long term sustainability.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion to the above report it has been analysed that, businesses operating in present
corporate environment has to diagnose the behaviour of employees at workplace in order to avoid
adverse things that can affect the course of functioning and reduce the level of performance.
Further, with the help of motivation and leadership theories researcher has been able to evaluate
that, constant motivation and leading people appropriately are the two significant factors for the
business success in the current era. Lastly, there are several factors that affects the team work in
both the organizations as they are making valiant efforts to satisfy the needs and wants of
customers.
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