Resilience of Australian Cities: Methods and Literature Review

HOW RESILIENT ARE
AUSTRALIAN CITIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................3
METHODS......................................................................................................................................6
RESULTS........................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The Australian infrastructure is exposed to many harsh conditions. These situations are
devastating when considering in the short term context. The cities present in Australia have
proved to cope up with the disastrous events which includes floods, storms with the help of
proper disaster management as being the main component in the urban planning. The bad
environmental effects are increasing which are closely associated with climate change. It
requires having additional planning and proper coordination. There are some tools which can be
used in as the critical infrastructure resilience strategy and improving the disasters to build the
environment roadmap. Climate change condition also requires having an additional planning
which will make sure to build the environment in a way which remains resilient in water supply
and quality. Resilience is the ability of the environment to recover the structures which will
function after experiencing the shocks and disturbances. The patterns of production and the
effective use of technology of Australia along with having a coordinated planning and
management helps the place to reduce the impact of the growing pressures in order to maintain
and do better in the urban efficiency in the build environments. It is important for the country to
grow in areas such as structure and function and understand that resilience of the cities is
dependent on more than the physically built assets of the place. The resilience of Melbourne is
taken into consideration. Melbourne have a sister city relation with Thessaloniki, Greece as there
are many similarities between these two port cities.
LITERATURE REVIEW
According to He, Shen and Zhang, (2018) resilience assessment is a tool which is short
self assessed and helps in determining the scores which are related to resilience. This can be
divided in four domains which are related to the resilience. It provides with general sense
regarding where to focus and put all the efforts and resources available. Upadhyay and Sampalli,
(2020) said resilience assessment is the tool used to encourage the process of conducting survey
as a part of attaining the areas where it is excelling and the areas which requires extra amount of
focus. The survey will not allow to proceed without having answers of every question. Resilience
helps in working with the negative impacts and coping with the same. Razgour, and et.al., (2019)
defined that the concept of resilience is very similar to that of sustainability. It is about the
current frameworks which are required for increasing the sustainability and resilience. Resilience

is viewed as the capability to prepare for the threats and absorb the impacts while recovering and
adapting to the changes and disruptive events.
As classified by Parker, and et.al., (2019) the main threat on the structures and the assets
which are in built environment are known to have an extreme weather events. The infrastructure
of the places such as Australia are known to be exposed to these extreme conditions and weather
events. It is important that these places show a resilience to the high impact from the weather
events. Floods, bushfire and cyclones along with the high temperatures have contributed in
negatively impacting the design and operations of the network systems. The resilient strategies
and the resilience assessment will focus on the disaster events. Asteris, and et.al., (2019) said that
the increase in the frequency of happening the extreme events because of the climate change will
require having additional planning The increase in resilience of the build assets will make it
more important for the infrastructure to provide an extreme events related to the weather and
increasing the threats with certain assets.
Khosravi, and et.al., (2018) believed that vulnerability assessment is same as resilience
assessment. It is used to provide with a systematic review for the security and weakness in an
information system. It helps in determining the system in susceptible way which allowing
knowing all the vulnerabilities and defines different levels of these vulnerabilities. Vulnerability
assessment allows recommendations and helps in mitigating the needed. Yang, and et.al., (2018)
explained that the vulnerability assessment is about having a risk assessment which includes
having an objective and prioritising the vulnerabilities accordingly. It involves ranking and
scoring each of the vulnerabilities which are based on the factors such as how much is the system
being affected, which of the areas are at risk, the severity of such risks and the damage caused by
such vulnerabilities. The resilient assessment helps in making cities update the resilience and the
scorecard for the cities.
Iván, and Mádl-Szőnyi, (2017) agreed and said that this scorecard helps in providing
different set of assessments which will allow the government and other organisations to assess
the disaster and structure in a way which is essential for making the cities resilient. Maria,
(2018) continued and said that resilience assessment helps in monitoring and reviewing the
progress along with the challenges coming in the way of implementing the risk reduction
measures. It supports the baseline for the analysis of the process of preparing the risk reduction
and implementing the resilience strategies. On the other hand, Fuchs, and et.al., (2019) said that