Technologies for Road Maintenance: Infrastructure, Existing Solutions, and Data Storage

This report discusses various technologies for road maintenance, including infrastructure, existing solutions, and data storage. It compares WAN and RFID technologies and discusses cloud computing and wireless technologies.

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TELECOMMUNICATION AND NETWORK
TELECOMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note:

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TELECOMMUNICATION AND NETWORK
Table of Contents
Introduction.........................................................................................................................1
Discussion............................................................................................................................1
Infrastructure...................................................................................................................1
Internet connection.....................................................................................................1
Wireless technologies..................................................................................................1
Existing Technology solution...........................................................................................2
Open IOT......................................................................................................................2
Lora WAN.....................................................................................................................2
Data storage and processing facilities.............................................................................2
Data centers.................................................................................................................2
Cloud computing..........................................................................................................3
Contrast and Comparison................................................................................................3
Conclusion............................................................................................................................4
References...........................................................................................................................5

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Introduction
The shire is responsible for maintenance of thousands of kilometers of road in suburban
sprawl and semi-rural areas (Usman, Fu and Miranda-Moreno, 2012). Every year the shire city
council receives various kinds of request regarding repairing of road not only after torrential
rain but also due to general type of wear and tear. As a result of housing development on a
continuous basis the shire needs some ways or methods by which it can have ways for
monitoring and proper management of road can be done easily. This report mainly deals with
various technologies which can be used for maintenance of road with the shire council (Xia et
al. 2012). The road network in every nation is considered to be principal foundation for proper
functioning of transport. It contributes to provide wide range of benefits in economic and social
terms. Proper maintenance of road based infrastructure is needed for achievement and
preserving of those benefits.
In the coming pages of the report a comparison has been provided between two
selected technologies as per the appropriateness of The shire city council area. After that
various aspects like infrastructure, existing technology solution, data storage and processing
facilities has been discussed in details. After that various aspects like storage, cost, security,
ease of use and accessibility has been discussed in details.
Discussion
Infrastructure
Proper system must be used which can be used for collection of data from all the state
roads within the shire city council. The suggested way must determine the condition of road
from the data prior to repairing (Usman, Fu and Miranda-Moreno, 2012). The system should
have the capability for displaying information to the council road maintenance managers who
can easily use that information for work orders for large number of crew members.
Internet connection
Internet connection can be considered to be helpful for management of traffic and
maintenance of road. Various kinds of internet based device like GPS (Global Positioning
System), camera are considered to be important for maintenance of road. IOT generally helps
in collection of various kinds of information which totally based on traffic and collection of
information in an automated and intelligent way (Wortmann and Flüchter, 2015). With help of
internet system one can easily become more reliable and intelligent in tracing of various kinds
of faults in roads. With help of WSN and sensor depended data can be easily traced and
maintained.
Wireless technologies
Bluetooth technology provides a platform where variety of devices can be connected
easily (Whaiduzzaman et al. 2014). It generally provides a platform for transfer and sharing of
data by making use of this technology. Bluetooth technology has many function and it can be
easily used in various markets of wireless communication (Usman, Fu and Miranda-Moreno,
2012). There are lots of advantages of using Bluetooth technology like low power signal within
the range of 50 feet which is used for transmission of data. There are many advantages of using
Bluetooth that are:
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 It is wireless in nature.
 It is cheaper
 It has generally low interferences
 It has low value of energy
 One can easily share voice and data.
 One can easily create personal area network.
 This technology is upgradable
 It is used worldwide and various universal standard.
Wide area network (WAN) is nothing but a kind of network which generally exists over a
large geographical area. A WAN is generally used for establishment of connection between local
area network and metro area network (MAN) (Thompson and Visser, 2013). With the help of
this technology computers and user in one location can easily establish communication with
computer in another location.
Existing Technology solution
Open IOT
Implementation of different types of road ways in the IOT based network is known to be
difficult in thing of various types of roads. Roadways can be considered to be an important
thing for establishment of connection of various types of network devices (Thompson et al.
2014). OpenIoT is considered for simple for using as it can easily provide connectivity for
various kinds of IOT depended resources and capabilities. It is considered to be an integral
component for various kinds of future internet of things. OpenIoT is generally used by various
kinds of communities which researchers and developers.
Lora WAN
LoraWAN is nothing but a low powered wide area network which is generally used for
wireless operation of battery in a regional or global network. It generally aims the main
requirements of internet of things like bi-directional communication, mobility and various kinds
of local services (Sultana, Rahman and Chowdhury, 2013). LoraWAN generally differs from kinds
of network that it makes use of star architecture and central node which can be easily used for
connection of gateway servers between end device and central network. It is used in various
kinds of road technology for establishment of communication over a long distance.
Data storage and processing facilities
Data centers
A data center is nothing a facility which provides IT operation and equipment in various
organization. This is generally inclusive both computing and non-computing processes which
are specific to data center environment (Streimikiene, Baležentis and Baležentienė, 2013). Data
centers operations are generally inclusive of both automated and manual kinds of process for
keeping the data centers operation. When various kinds of data centers are shared it led to the
creation of virtual data center which can easily provide physical access to large number of
organization.
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Cloud computing
Cloud computing is a known term for delivery of various kinds of services over the
internet. It generally provides various kinds of organization for consumption of compute
resources like virtual type of machines for storage or application (Ruiz et al. 2012). There are
number of benefits of using cloud computing that are
 Reduction of cost
 Speed
 Global platform or scale.
 Productivity
 Performance
 Reliability
Cloud computing provides a platform which removes the expenditure of purchasing of
software and hardware and lastly setting up of data centers. Major of the cloud computing
services provide self-services on demand with few minutes of click (Robbins and Judge, 2012). It
creates a stage where same data can be accessed from any geographical position. Datacenters
generally require racking and stacking of various kinds of hardware set up and other kinds of
time consuming IT management things (Rittinghouse, and Ransome, 2016). The biggest benefit
which can be obtained for cloud based services are worldwide networks which are based on
secure type of datacenters that is generally upgraded on the latest generation of fast and
efficient kind of computing based hardware. Cloud computing generally provides backup of
data, recovery during disaster and many other kind of facilities.
There are mainly three type of cloud based services that are IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
(Nakamura and Chow-White, 2013). Major of the cloud computing services can be divided into
three types namely Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service(PaaS) and lastly
software as a Services (SaaS). There are generally three types of cloud deployment that are
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
Public Cloud: Public cloud are generally owned and maintained by various kinds of third
party cloud providers. It can easily deliver various kinds of computing devices like storage and
server which generally work on Internet.
Hybrid Cloud: Private cloud generally relates to various kinds of cloud computing
sources which is generally done by single business and organization. It provides a platform by
which data and application can easily move between private and cloud.
Private Cloud: A private cloud generally refers to cloud services which is own by a single
organization. A private cloud is generally located on the on-site data center.
Contrast and Comparison
WAN stands for wide area network that generally provides network over a large zone or
area. This particular technology is generally used for monitoring or management of various
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types of roads (Jamil and Zaki, 2016). WAN services are considered to be cheaper in comparison
to other kinds of services. It generally addresses various kinds of malware protection, intrusion
and servers. WAN services help in elimination of ISDN, reduction in cost and increasing of
profits of organizations in a large number of ways.
Fig 1: WAN (wide area network)
(Source: Created by Author)
RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) which is known to be a well-known
technology that uses radio frequency for transferring of data between reader and various kinds
of moveable items which is tagged with this. RFID technology can be easily like a transponder
which is used in registration of different vehicle (Huidrom, Das and Sud, 2013). RFID tag or
sensor is generally used in various individual cars so that adequate data can be collected from
spot and can be easily delivered to the destination. Various kinds of RFID tag generally store
data containing detail information of the vehicle along with number plate. This particular
technology can be considered to be useful for estimating the number of vehicle and its speed.
RFID is generally considered to be as the leading technology due to number of factors like low
cost and support to various business (Gao and Zhang, 2013). RFID technology can easily
transform every object into a smart object.
The data of various road segment is generally saved in the database as soon as it is
connected to internet for various kinds of purpose and application (Frow et al. 2015). GPS
receiver is generally installed in various kinds of workstation which can communicate through
GPS for obtaining of various kinds of information (Dupont et al. 2012). As soon as the data is
transmitted by the help of GPRS which is generally based on various kinds of central database
where data can be easily updated on a regular interval or basis.
There are generally two types of RFID that are active and passive RFID. RFID tags which
are active cost around 1250 to 2000 dollars while passive reader cost around 3000 to 20000
dollars (Denisov, Kamaev and Kizim, 2013). There are generally two type of security problems in
RFID that are violation of security and privacy. In the matters of violation of privacy attackers
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generally focus on harvesting information which is generally given by the object. It checks the
communication between object and reader by tracking it. This kind of security attacks damages
the physical tag by giving undeniable kind of communication (Botta et al..2014). RFID tag are
generally easy to use as has information embedded in it that can be transferred by the help of
radio waves. It does not work like bar or codes between tag and reader.
Fig 2: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
(Source: Created by Author)
Conclusion
The above discussion relates us to shire city council which is involved in maintenance of
thousands of kilometers of roads in urban and semi-rural areas. The report focuses on
suggesting of new methods and ways which can be used for monitoring and maintenance of
various roads. This particular organization addresses repairing of road due to heavy rain and
wear and tear. The shire needs some techniques which can be used for collection of data of
road within the city. This ability can be used for displaying of information to the council of road
maintenance manager which can turn information into work orders for various kinds of crew
members. Two technology solution has been compared depending on appropriateness of the
shire city area. Various kinds of infrastructure like internet connection, LAN, Bluetooth, RF,
WAN and IOT based technologies has been discussed. Different kinds of existing technology like
LoraWAN, OpenIOT has been discussed in brief. Apart from that data storage and processing
facilities like data center, cloud computing, distributed storage and processing has been
discussed. All the parameters have been discussed taking into account the parameters like
power usage, cost, security, ease of use and accessibility. Two technologies like WAN and RFID
(Radio Frequency Identification) has been compared in details. Various kinds of cloud
computing like public, hybrid and private has been discussed. An idea has been provided
regarding LoraWAN and open IOT has been provided. Various kinds of wireless technology like
Bluetooth and wide area network (WAN) has been discussed.
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