Role of Forestry Sector in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Explore the pivotal role of the forestry sector in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by addressing poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, energy, economic growth, innovation, climate action, and more. Sustainable forest management practices contribute to achieving these goals while ensuring the long-term health of forests and their ecosystems.

Assignment
Title: Role of Forestry Sector in Achieving Sustainable
Development Goals
Submitted By
Reg. No. - 2018631059
Session: 2018-19
Course No: FES-419
Submitted To
Prof. A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid, PhD
Course Teacher
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.

Introduction:
The United Nations established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, commonly
referred to as the Global Goals. These goals serve as a universal call to action to end poverty,
protect the planet, and promote peace and prosperity for all individuals by 2030. The 17 SDGs
are interconnected, recognizing that progress in one area can greatly impact outcomes in
others(UNDP, 2023). They aim to strike a balance between social, economic, and environmental
sustainability, focusing on advancing the most disadvantaged. The Sustainable Development
Goals work towards a world of peace and prosperity, eradicating major issues such as poverty
and hunger, all while protecting the planet. Amid the climate crisis, this has never been more
important. Achieving these goals requires the collective efforts of society, including innovation,
knowledge, technology, and financial resources in every context.
The history of Sustainable Development goals:
The historical trajectory of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a global journey that
has been characterized by concerted efforts to address pressing environmental, social, and
economic challenges. This odyssey can be traced back to the 1972 Stockholm Conference, which
raised international awareness about environmental issues, thereby laying the groundwork for
conversations on sustainable development. The 1987 Brundtland Report introduced the concept
of sustainable development, stressing the need to strike a balance between economic
advancement, environmental conservation, and social equity. The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de
Janeiro represented a significant milestone as world leaders adopted Agenda 21, a
comprehensive plan of action that underscored the interconnectedness of environmental, social,
and economic concerns, thus paving the way for future discussions on sustainability. The year
2000 saw the establishment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to tackle poverty,
hunger, and related challenges. Despite their many achievements, the MDGs had some
limitations. In 2012, the Rio+20 conference acknowledged the need for a more comprehensive
and inclusive global agenda to replace the MDGs, leading to the creation of the Open Working
Group on SDGs in 2013, which comprised representatives from UN member states. The group's
objective was to develop a new set of global goals. The turning point came in 2015 when the
United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The agenda consisted of

17 SDGs with 169 associated targets, encompassing a wide range of issues, from poverty and
inequality to climate change and environmental conservation. The SDGs have become a central
framework for international development and cooperation, and since then, governments, civil
society, businesses, and organizations worldwide have been working to implement and monitor
progress towards these goals. The target for achieving the SDGs has been set for 2030, providing
a 15-year roadmap for addressing the world's most pressing challenges. The history of the SDGs
is a testament to the global commitment to sustainable development, recognizing the need to
balance economic growth with environmental protection and social equity, and these goals
represent a shared vision for a more equitable and sustainable future, guiding international efforts
to address the complex, interrelated issues that impact people and the planet. (Paul, 2008)
The goals are described below:
1. No Poverty:
Over 736 million people still live on less than $1.90 a day, lacking basic needs such as food,
water, and sanitation. Women are more affected by poverty than men. The Sustainable
Development Goals aim to end poverty in all forms by 2030, by targeting the most
vulnerable, increasing resources and services, and supporting those affected by conflict and
climate-related disasters.
2. Zero hunger:
Economic growth and increased agricultural productivity have reduced undernourishment by
50% in two decades. Though progress has been made, 821 million people still suffer from
chronic hunger. The SDGs aim to end all hunger and malnutrition by 2030, promoting
sustainable agriculture, supporting small-scale farmers, and improving productivity through
international cooperation.
3. Good health and well-being:
Good health is key to achieving the SDGs, but progress has been uneven due to multiple
factors such as economic and social inequality, rapid urbanization, climate threats, and
emerging global health priorities. A multisectoral, rights-based, and gender-sensitive
approach is crucial to address these issues and build good health for all.
4. Quality education:
Since 2000, we've made significant progress towards achieving universal primary education.

In 2015, the enrollment rate in developing regions reached 91%, and the number of out-of-
school children has nearly halved. However, challenges still exist, particularly in rural areas
and for children from poorer households. Our goal is to provide inclusive, quality education
for all, with free primary and secondary schooling for girls and boys by 2030, equal access to
vocational training, and universal access to higher education.
5. Gender equality:
Empowering women and girls is vital for economic growth and development. UNDP has
made gender equality central to its work and has seen remarkable progress in the past 20
years. However, women are still systematically denied the same work rights as men, and
there are huge barriers to overcome, such as sexual violence and exploitation, the unequal
division of unpaid care and domestic work, and discrimination in public office. It is vital to
give women equal rights to land and property, sexual and reproductive health, and to
technology. Encouraging more women leaders will help achieve greater gender equality.
6. Clean water and Sanitation:
Water scarcity affects over 40% of people and is projected to worsen with rising
temperatures. Safe drinking water for all by 2030 requires investing in infrastructure,
sanitation, and hygiene. Protecting water ecosystems is crucial. Over 800 million people need
access to basic services and 4.5 billion lack safely managed sanitation services.s
7. Affordable and clean energy:
From 2000 to 2018, access to electricity increased from 78% to 90%, and those without
electricity decreased to 789 million. But demand for affordable energy continues to rise, and
reliance on fossil fuels is causing climate changes. Investing in renewable energy, improving
efficiency, and ensuring access for all is crucial to achieving SDG 7 by 2030 and driving
growth while protecting the environment.
8. Decent work and economic growth:
Over the past 25 years, there has been a significant reduction in extreme poverty among
workers, and the middle class in developing nations has almost tripled. However, the global
economy is recovering slowly, resulting in slower growth, wider inequality, and insufficient
job opportunities. The SDGs aim to encourage entrepreneurship, job creation, eliminate

forced labor and human trafficking, and achieve full and productive employment for all men
and women by 2030.
9. Industry, Innovation and infrastructure:
Investment in sustainable infrastructure, renewable energy, and technological innovation is
crucial for economic growth and development. Bridging the digital divide is also essential to
ensure equal access to knowledge and information, foster entrepreneurship, and promote
innovation.
10. Reduced Inequalities:
Income inequality is a growing global issue. The wealthiest 10% have up to 40% of the
world's income, while the poorest 10% earn just 2-7%. The gap has increased by 11% in
developing nations due to population growth. Inequality has risen in nearly every region.
Europe has the lowest and Middle East has the highest inequality. We need sound policies to
empower those with lower incomes and promote economic inclusion. This requires global
solutions, including improved regulation, development assistance, foreign investment, and
safe migration.
11. Sustainable cities and communities:
Over half of the global population currently resides in urban areas, and projections show that
by 2050, this number will increase to two-thirds, totaling 6.5 billion people. Achieving
sustainable development is contingent upon transforming the way we construct and manage
our cities. Due to rising populations and migration, many cities have experienced rapid
growth, resulting in the proliferation of mega-cities and slums, particularly in developing
nations. Creating sustainable cities entails generating opportunities for employment and
entrepreneurship, providing secure and affordable housing, and fostering resilient societies
and economies. This requires investment in public transportation, the creation of green
spaces, and the enhancement of urban planning and management through inclusive and
participatory practices.

12. Responsible consumption and production:
In order to achieve economic growth and sustainable development, it is imperative that we
take urgent steps to reduce our ecological footprint by altering the way we produce and
consume goods and resources. The use of water in agriculture is the most significant
worldwide, with irrigation accounting for almost 70% of all freshwater consumption for
human use. To achieve our objectives, we must effectively manage our shared natural
resources, eliminate toxic waste and pollutants, and encourage industries, businesses, and
consumers to recycle and reduce waste. Additionally, it is critical to support developing
countries as they transition towards more sustainable consumption patterns by 2030. A
significant portion of the global population is still unable to fulfill their most basic needs, and
reducing per capita food waste at the retailer and consumer levels by half is crucial in
creating more efficient production and supply chains. This will enable us to achieve food
security and move towards a more resource-efficient economy.
13. Climate action:
Climate change is affecting every country. Greenhouse gas emissions have increased by over
50% since 1990. The consequences of global warming are threatening and irreversible if we
don't act. Climate-related disasters cost hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Geophysical
disasters, which are mostly climate-related, have killed 1.3 million people and injured 4.4
billion between 1998 and 2017. The goal is to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020 to help
developing countries adapt to climate change and invest in low-carbon development. We
need to integrate disaster risk measures, sustainable natural resource management, and
human security into national development strategies. It's still possible to limit the increase in
global temperature to 2°C above pre-industrial levels, aiming at 1.5°C, but this requires
urgent and ambitious collective action.
14. Life below water:
The world's oceans play a crucial role in driving global systems that make Earth habitable for
humans. Proper management of this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and
to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, overexploitation of fish stocks, ocean
acidification, and marine pollution pose significant threats to the oceans. Sustainable

management and protection of marine and coastal ecosystems are necessary to address these
challenges and achieve the SDGs.
15. Life on land:
Human life depends on the earth as much as the ocean for our sustenance and livelihoods.
Plant life provides 80 percent of the human diet, and we rely on agriculture as an important
economic resource. Forests cover 30 percent of the Earth’s surface, provide vital habitats for
millions of species, and are important sources of clean air and water, as well as being crucial
for combating climate change. Every year, 13 million hectares of forests are lost, while the
persistent degradation of drylands has led to the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares,
disproportionately affecting poor communities. While 15 percent of land is protected,
biodiversity is still at risk. Nearly 7,000 species of animals and plants have been illegally
traded. Wildlife trafficking not only erodes biodiversity, but creates insecurity, fuels conflict,
and feeds corruption. Urgent action must be taken to reduce the loss of natural habitats and
biodiversity which are part of our common heritage and support global food and water
security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and peace and security.
16. Peace justice and strong institutions:
Sustainable development requires a foundation of peace, stability, human rights, and
effective governance based on the rule of law. Unfortunately, the world is becoming
increasingly divided, with some regions thriving while others experience cycles of conflict
and violence. It's vital that we address this issue, as armed violence and insecurity can
negatively impact a country's development, leading to economic struggles and long-lasting
grievances. Sexual violence, crime, exploitation, and torture are also prevalent in areas
lacking rule of law, and measures must be taken to protect those most at risk. The SDGs aim
to significantly reduce all forms of violence and work towards ending conflict and insecurity
by promoting human rights and the rule of law, reducing the flow of illicit arms, and
increasing the participation of developing countries in global governance institutions.
17. Partnership for the goals:

The achievement of the SDGs depends on strong global partnerships and cooperation.
Despite remaining stable, Official Development Assistance fell below the target at US$147
billion in 2017. Humanitarian crises triggered by conflict or natural calamities continue to
require more financial resources and aid. Additionally, several nations need Official
Development Assistance to encourage growth and trade. With the world more interconnected
than ever before, improving access to technology and knowledge is a crucial way to share
ideas and foster innovation. It is essential to coordinate policies that assist developing
countries in managing their debt and promoting investment in the least developed regions to
achieve sustainable growth and development. The goals aim to enhance North-South and
South-South cooperation by supporting national plans to achieve all the objectives.
Promoting international trade and aiding developing countries in increasing their exports are
integral to achieving a universal trading system based on fair and open rules that benefit all.
What is Forestry?
Forestry is a complex and multifaceted field that focuses on managing, conserving, and
sustainably utilizing forests and their diverse natural resources. The goal of forestry is to
strike a balance between the economic, ecological, and social aspects of forest resources.
This involves a wide range of activities and practices, such as forest management,
silviculture, forest ecology, wildlife management, timber production, recreation, and eco-
tourism, all working together to ensure the health and longevity of our forests. In today's
climate-conscious world, forests play a vital role in mitigating the impacts of climate change
by acting as carbon sinks and sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Sustainable
forestry practices, such as afforestation and reforestation, are crucial in carbon sequestration
and climate change adaptation. Scientific research and educational programs are the
cornerstones of advancing the field of forestry. They help us to better understand forest
ecosystems and develop improved management practices, while also training professionals
and enthusiasts and sharing knowledge. Forestry is undoubtedly a linchpin for environmental
and societal well-being. Its sustainable practices aim to ensure that forests continue to
provide essential resources while preserving their ecological integrity, thereby fulfilling the
promise of a better future for generations to come.

Role of forestry in achieving sustainable development goals:
forestry plays a multifaceted role in advancing several Sustainable Development Goals,
including climate action, biodiversity conservation, economic development, and the
promotion of sustainable and responsible resource management. Sustainable forest
management practices are essential for achieving these goals while ensuring that forests
continue to provide benefits for future generations.
1. Achieving SDGs goal no. 1(No poverty):
There is a wealth of literature that explores the link between poverty and forests. Studies
conducted at the household level have highlighted the crucial role that forests play in
supporting rural livelihoods (Cheng et al., 2017)They serve as a vital source of subsistence,
provide a safety net, and offer a potential pathway out of poverty through the ecosystem's
products and services (Daw et al., 2011). By improving the forestry and wood industry
through specialized schools and industrialization, as well as enhancing forest management
and utilizing non-wood forest products more effectively, poverty can be alleviated, thus
fulfilling SDG goal one. Participatory approaches to forest conservation, such as REDD+,
PES, and forest certification, can generate income and offer those living below the poverty
line a chance to improve their circumstances. Ecotourism and recreation facilities related to
the forest can also generate a source of income to accomplish the goal of no poverty.
2. Achieving SDGs goal no. 2(Zero hunger):
Forests play an important role in providing sustenance and nourishment, offering an array of
food sources such as fruits, nuts, mushrooms, and game animals. Sustainable harvesting of
forest products, such as mushrooms and berries, can also contribute to food security in many
regions. Forests have a direct and indirect impact on food security and nutrition, benefiting
various groups of people.(Broegaard et al., 2017) This distinction is highlighted by Byron
and Arnold (1997), who note that some rely on forest use as they have no alternative, while
others engage in forest-related economic activities by choice(Byron & Arnold, 1999).
Communities situated in remote forest areas heavily depend on forest resources, especially
for food(Powell et al., 2015) It's worth noting that the types of food derived from forests and
the methods of harvesting carry cultural and traditional significance for Indigenous groups

(Kuhnlein et al., 2009). In addition to directly providing food, forest plants are utilized as
feed for livestock, which is another source of meat and income generation. To summarize,
forests are vital to nutritious food production through the direct provision of diverse and
nutritious food, energy for cooking and ecosystem services(Powell et al., 2015) which
supports the SDGs goal 2.
3. Achieving goal no. 3(good health and Well-being):
Goal number 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals aims to improve the health and well-
being of people worldwide. Unfortunately, over 400 million people lack access to proper
healthcare, and 40% of individuals do not have social protection. Forests offer green spaces
that can help improve both physical and mental health. For example, in addition to the
physiological benefits of increased exercise, cleaner air, and less noise, research suggests that
exposure to biodiverse environments, including forests, can enhance the human microbiome.
This can boost immune function and other objective biomarkers for health, such as cortisol
levels and blood pressure. Also, many medicinal plants can cure diseases which will also
help to accomplish the good health category.
4. Achieving goal no. 4 (Quality education):
Forestry supports Sustainable Development Goal 4, "Quality Education," by providing
opportunities for environmental education, biodiversity and ecosystem services
understanding, research and innovation, practical skills teaching to local communities and
workforce development. It fosters a holistic approach to education that incorporates
environmental and practical knowledge, contributing to a more informed and educated global
population.
5. Achieving goal no. 5(Gender equality):
One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is "Gender Equality" (Goal 5). Although
forestry may not be an obvious contributor to this goal, it has a vital role to play in achieving
it through different pathways. For instance, sustainable forest management and non-timber
forest product collection provide income-generating opportunities for many communities,
particularly women. Women often participate in forest-based activities such as gathering

firewood, herbs, and other forest resources. When these activities are managed sustainably,
they can help women achieve economic and social empowerment, thus promoting gender
equality. Additionally, women in some regions have limited access to and control over forest
resources and land. Sustainable forestry practices often address these issues by promoting
more inclusive land rights and addressing land tenure issues, including those affecting
women. This can help rectify gender disparities in resource access and land ownership.
Community-based approaches are frequently used in sustainable forest management, and
engaging women in decision-making and community forest management committees can
help promote gender equality and ensure women's participation in forest resource
management. Although forestry is not a direct driver of gender equality, it is a critical aspect
of rural livelihoods in many regions. Sustainable forestry practices, when implemented with a
gender-responsive approach, can contribute to empowering women, improving their status,
and promoting gender equality within forest-dependent communities. It is critical to
recognize the interconnection of the SDGs and how progress in one goal can have positive
impacts on others, including gender equality.
6. Achieving goal no. 6(clean water and sanitation):
Forests play a significant role in water resource management. They help regulate water
flows, reduce soil erosion, and filter pollutants, contributing to clean and accessible water
resources. Sustainable forest management ensures that forests continue to provide these vital
services. For example, intact forested watersheds act as natural filters, improving water
quality. Additionally, forests play a role in reducing the risk of floods and droughts, thus
protecting water resources. By implementing responsible forestry practices and protecting
watersheds, forests indirectly contribute to clean and sustainable water sources, aligning with
SDG 6.
7. Achieving goal no. 7(Affordable and clean energy):
Forests provide a source of renewable energy through biomass. Woody biomass from
sustainable forestry can be used as a clean and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on
fossil fuels and helping address energy access and affordability issues. Forestry-based
bioenergy is particularly relevant in rural areas, contributing to local economic development

and energy security. Sustainable forestry practices ensure the ongoing availability of biomass
resources for clean energy production.
8. Achieving goal no. 8(Decent work and economic growth):
The forestry sector creates job opportunities and contributes to economic growth, particularly
in rural areas. Responsible timber production, non-timber forest product collection, and
forest-based ecotourism generate employment and income, supporting local economies.
Sustainable forest management practices, such as certification schemes, ensure that these
activities are carried out responsibly, contributing to long-term economic growth. By
fostering economic development and livelihoods in forest-dependent communities, forestry
supports SDG 8.
9. Achieving goal no. 9(Industry, Innovation and infrastructure):
Forestry is integral to several industries, including construction, paper, and furniture
manufacturing. Sustainable forestry practices guarantee a continuous supply of raw materials
for these sectors, contributing to industry and innovation. The development of engineered
wood products, eco-friendly building materials, and sustainable forest management
techniques fosters innovation in the forestry sector. Furthermore, forestry contributes to
infrastructure development, as it provides timber for construction, wood for infrastructure
projects, and road networks for forest management. By promoting innovation, supporting
industries, and providing resources for infrastructure, forestry aligns with SDG 9.
10. Achieving goal no. 10(Reduced Inequalities):
Sustainable forestry management can reduce inequalities by ensuring equitable access to and
benefits from forest resources. It promotes community involvement and inclusive decision-
making in forest management, benefiting marginalized and vulnerable populations. By
ensuring that the benefits from forestry are distributed more equitably and that traditionally
marginalized groups have a voice in forest-related decisions, forestry contributes to reducing
inequalities as outlined in SDG 10.

11. Achieving goal no. 11(Sustainable cities and communities):
Urban forests and green spaces play a crucial role in creating sustainable and livable cities
and communities. They contribute to improved air quality, provide opportunities for
recreation, and offer cooling effects in urban areas. Sustainable urban forestry practices, such
as tree planting and green infrastructure development, enhance the quality of life in cities and
promote community well-being. By providing these environmental and social benefits,
forestry supports the creation of sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban communities, in
alignment with SDG 11.
12. Achieving goal no. 12(Responsible consumption and production):
Forestry encourages responsible harvesting, efficient resource utilization, and waste
reduction. Sustainable forestry practices minimize waste, reduce environmental impacts, and
promote efficient resource use. Certification schemes like the Forest Stewardship Council
(FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) promote
responsible consumption and production of wood and paper products. These practices
contribute to environmentally sustainable and ethical production, aligning with SDG 12.
13. Achieving goal no. 13(Climate action):
Forests are essential for climate action. They act as carbon sinks, absorbing and storing
carbon dioxide, thus mitigating climate change. Sustainable forestry and afforestation efforts
help reduce deforestation and forest degradation, preventing carbon emissions. By preserving
and restoring forests, as well as promoting responsible forestry practices, forestry supports
the fight against climate change, which is central to achieving SDG 13.
14. Achieving goal no. 14(Life below water):
Sustainable forestry can indirectly reduce pressure on marine ecosystems. By providing
alternative, sustainable resources, such as timber and non-timber forest products, forestry
helps reduce reliance on unsustainable practices like overfishing. Responsible forest
management and watershed protection also contribute to water quality, which ultimately
impacts the health of marine environments. In this way, forestry plays a role in preserving
life below water, as outlined in SDG 14.

15. Achieving goal no. 15(Life on land):
Forests are crucial for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Sustainable forest
management, coupled with protected areas and reforestation efforts, helps safeguard diverse
flora and fauna. Forests provide habitat for countless species and contribute to ecosystem
resilience. They also offer clean water, nutrient cycling, and pollination services. By
preserving and restoring forest ecosystems, forestry aligns with SDG 15 and helps protect life
on land.
16. Achieving goal no. 16(Peace justice and strong institutions):
Sustainable forest governance and law enforcement are essential for reducing illegal logging
and promoting the rule of law and transparency in the forest sector. Forest certification
schemes and responsible forestry practices help establish strong institutions by ensuring legal
and ethical conduct. By addressing governance and accountability issues in the forestry
sector, forestry indirectly contributes to peace, justice, and the strengthening of institutions,
as outlined in SDG 16.
17. Achieving goal no. 17(Partnership for the goals):
Collaboration is key in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Forestry requires
partnerships between governments, communities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs),
and private sector entities for successful implementation. These partnerships foster
responsible resource use, the sharing of knowledge, and the establishment of best practices.
By promoting collaboration, forestry contributes to SDG 17, which emphasizes the
importance of partnerships in achieving all other goals.
Conclusion:
Forestry's multifaceted role in promoting environmental sustainability, economic
development, and social well-being aligns with multiple Sustainable Development Goals. It
emphasizes the importance of balancing these dimensions for the benefit of current and
future generations. Forests offer a valuable resource that, when managed responsibly and in
partnership with various stakeholders, can help address many of the global challenges
outlined in the SDGs.