Role of Leaders and Managers in an Organisation | Report
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Added on 2020-02-17
Role of Leaders and Managers in an Organisation | Report
Added on 2020-02-17
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MANAGEMENTAND OPERATIONS
Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1P1 Differentiation between role and characteristics of leader and manager..........................1P2 The role of leader and functions of manager in different situations.................................2P3 Theories and models of approach......................................................................................4M1 Analysis and differentiation between role of leader and function of manager................5M2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches..........................................................6D1 Evaluation of different theories and approaches..............................................................8TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8P4 Key approaches to operations management......................................................................8P5 Importance of operation management...............................................................................9P6 Factors influencing operations management and decision making.................................10M4 Analysis of factors that influence business environment...............................................11D2 Evaluating application of operation management..........................................................11CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTIONOperations Management can be determined as the process of business which administersto create maximum efficiency that is possible within an organisation. It is a management areamainly concerned with design and control of production process and redesigning operations ofbusiness in the production of goods and services (Li, Zhang and Vankelecom, 2011.). Thepresent report throws a light on management and operations of M&S which is a leading Britishmultinational retailer. It was incorporated in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. It hasits headquarters in the City of Westminster and is engaged in business of clothing, food productsand home products. This report explains the role of leaders and managers and its application indifferent situations in the cited organisation. Moreover, it addresses the key operational functionsof M&S and its approaches to operations management. Lastly, it provides a evaluation of impactof external business environment that affect decision-making of managers and leaders.TASK 1P1 Differentiation between role and characteristics of leader and managerOrganisation structure can be defined as hierarchy or arrangements of lines of authorityand responsibility, communication, rights and duties of an organisation. It determines allocationof work, supervision and coordination activities that are directed towards attainment oforganisational goals (Kim, Jeon and Nam, 2010). There are different types of organisationalstructure namely functional, product, flat and geographical structure. M&S has adopted a flatorganisation structure in which there is limited levels of management that separate executivesfrom lower level employees. This structure lacks bureaucracy that encourages employees to helpin decision-making thereby enhancing their skills. As there are fewer management levels, itreduces confusions and help in fast decision-making.Although one person may act as a leader and manager yet there are some majordifferences between roles and characteristics of leaders and managers.Definition : A leader is a person who is in a dominant position and leads others toachieve objectives of an organisation. On the other hand, manager is an individual whohas the responsibility of administration and control of an organisation or staff.Leaders create vision but goals are created by managers : Leaders inspire people toconvert visions into reality. They motivate employees of M&S to be a part of something1
bigger. On the contrary, managers are engaged in establishing and achieving goals. Theycontrol situation and direct people to reach the objectives of M&S.Innovation : Innovation is the key attribute of a leader, they embrace change and think ofnew ideas and ways for doing things. They are agents of change. While, mangers focus torefine system, processes and structures to make them better but they remain stick on whatworks. Managers maintain the current status quo.Leaders are unique, managers copy : Leaders have self aware and try to build their ownunique and different identity and personality (Mendis, Muttaqi and Perera, 2012). Theyplay an authentic and transparent role in M&S. Whereas, managers of the citedorganisation mimics behaviour and competence of others and adopt their styles ofleadership rather than defining it.Leaders are risk takers while managers control risks : As leaders embrace innovation inwhich risks are always involved, still they are ready to face failure. On the other hand,managers tries to avoid and control problems.Goals : Leader focus on long – term objectives. They stay motivated and inspire others toachieve distant goals of the cited organisation. But the managers focus on short – termgoals and seeks regular acknowledgements.Coaching and directing : A leader guides and inspires his team members to succeed. Heshows faith on the potential and competence of team members and provide themcoaching to enhance their skills. Managers assigns tasks to employees and provides themdirection to complete their jobs.Leaders build relationships, managers create processes and systems : Leaders focus onpeople, they know about their team members. They spend most of the time with peopleand try to imbibe trust and loyalty among them. On the other hand, focus of managers ison systems, processes and structures necessary to achieve goals of M&S (Cheng, Hu andLiu, 2014.). They are concerned with analytical and ensure proper systems are in place toattain desired outcomes.P2 The role of leader and functions of manager in different situationsM&S is a major multinational retail brand. The company is engaged in retail clothing,home products and food products and has opened stores worldwide. Leaders and managers ofM&S play a cardinal role in steering the organisation towards achievement of its goals and2
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