Leadership Theories and Practices Analysis

The given assignment is focused on analyzing leadership theories and practices. It requires students to review various leadership styles and models, such as transformational leadership, servant leadership, and situational leadership. The assignment also involves conducting a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of the ecosystem services framework and applying it to a case study. Additionally, students are expected to analyze different leadership theories and their implications for management and research. The assignment is designed to test students' understanding of leadership concepts and their ability to apply them in practical scenarios.

Operational Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Roles and characteristics of leaders and managers ...................................................................1
Different situation that affect the role of leader and function of manager .................................2
Theories and concepts to leadership ..........................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
a) Role of operation Manager to improve the efficiency and decision they make......................1
b) Key elements and approaches of different operation management system............................2

c) Presenting different factor that affect business operations.....................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the area in which it is concerned with designing and controlling
the production and operation process. It is creates the highest level of efficiency possible with in
organisation. This report is based on the Double tree hotel is an American hotel chain of Hilton
worldwide. Double tree hotel has been the fastest growing Hilton brand. It will discuss the roles
and characteristics of the leader and manager and also it has discussed the various situation and
how the leader and manager react on it. And it will include various leadership approaches of the
organisation.
TASK 1
Roles and characteristics of leaders and managers
LEADER –
A leader is the person who focus on results and do every possible efforts to achieve the
goals and objective of the organisation. Leader focus on the strength of the organisation and also
do the things which is best for the company and also satisfying the demand of the customers in a
competitive market. Leader is the one who give proper guidance to the employees and also
motivates and directs them in effective manner so that desired results are obtained in the
organisation. Leaders take responsibility for the results and coordinates subordinate in the best
possible way.
Role – As leader play a major role in the organisation and he is one who run the organisation in
effective manner. As one of the foremost role of leader is to direct and motivate the employee's
so that the employees work in effective manner and work in more hard to achieve the goals of
the organisation. The second role is that leader required at all level as leadership is the function
which is important at all level of management. Leader also represent the organisation as he is the
one who attain the meeting, conferences and seminars and influence people to encourage invest
in the company.
Characteristics – for the good leader it is necessary to have strong communication skills with
this it will be easier for the leader to effectively communicate the things and directs them in

positive manner. The second trait is that the leader should be innovative, he uses innovative ways
to solve the problems and think in the creative manner. The third trait is that the leader has the
ability to inspire other by its personality and effective skills and has a positive mindset which
helps in every situation. And also the last characteristics is that the leader should respect its
organisation and its employees and also honest with the goals and objective of the organisation.
Manager –
Manager is the person who manages the organisation and who are responsible to control
and operate for running part or whole of a business organisation. Manager also guide people and
also make important decision in the organisation and assign duties to the employees and get
work done from them. Manager must able to perform the following function such as planning
which helps to give direction to company, organising , leading ,coordinating and controlling the
employees so that desired results are obtained in efficient manner.
Role – the first and foremost role of manager is that manage and control the activity of
the organisation and also manage the work of the employees and assign them duties and also take
major decision in the organisation and also set goals in the organisation and make various efforts
to achieve those targets. Manager motivates the staff and creates positive environment where
employees feel more comfortable to achieve to work in the organisation. The next role is to
manage the conflict in the organisation by solving the conflict between the employees by
providing adequate solution of the problems. It is important for the manager to take initiative in
the organisation so that to run the company in the right manner. The manger manages the whole
organisation at different layers of the business (Storey, 2016).
Characteristics – The first characteristic is that the manger must have the ability to
manage work according to time. And also has the ability to think in critical way in any situation
and make decision in favour of company. Manager must be honest with his work and also make
time for employees and show interest in the success of the employees. And also delegate
responsibility to the employees and have effective communication skills (Blomme, Kodden. and
Beasley-Suffolk, 2015).
Different situation that affect the role of leader and function of manager
The role of the leader and function of management constitute the Double Tree Hotel for
the improvement and changes in the operation of the company. There are various situations that
affect the role of leader and function of manager such as -

Stable situation: stable situations are those which does not consist any changes in the
environment. Every condition is stable and ii control and maintain stability in the organisation. In
the stable situation if there are no changes arise then the role of leader and manager is as it is. In
this condition the market will be uniform and situation will be stable and will not affect the
Double Tree Hotel (Nawaz and Khan_ PhD, 2016)
Slow to moderate changing situation – If Double Tree Hotel follows flat structure in
which there is no layer for communication and the organisation changes its structure to tall
structure where there are layers of communication. So in this the role of manager is to manage
the employees as this structure is complex as compare to flat structure and also need time for
communication so manager can help the employees in communication. On the other hand leader
can gives direction to the employees and try to adjust them in new structure. And also motivate
them to work in effective manner and also helps the employees to how positive attitude towards
any tough situation. As tall structure is complex structure (Ehrhart, 2015).
Fast changing situation – This situation is currently the most rapid situation in the
Double TREE Hotel. As pricing strategy is always changes by situation and also influence the
organisation to the large extent. So in this the role of leader will be to direct and employees and
gain competitive advantage. And the role of manager is to effectively manages the strategy and
take the best decision of pricing strategy so that it will increase the profit of Double Tree Hotel.
In this situation the leader and the manger plays a crucial role in the organisation as it is rapid
change that organisation faces and they both act as a pillar to stabilise the situation and think in
the critical manner in order to achieve desire result (Miner, 2015).
Theories and concepts to leadership
Leadership theories are the schools of thoughts which explain how some individual
become leaders. There are broadly three type of theory such as situational, system theory and
contingency theory that are been explain below-
Situation leadership theory
This type of leadership work on the assumption that most effective style of leadership
change from situation to situation. It is important for leader to change and show flexible attitude
towards the organisation and deal every changing situation. Situational theory is related to two
factor theories of leadership such as task behaviour and relationship behaviour. The fundamental

style of this leadership is that there no best style of leadership. All the decision are dependent on
situation to situation (Sturdy, Wright and Wylie, 2016).
The theory identifies four main leadership approaches-
Telling – In this approach the leader make decisions and tells employees what to do
Selling – In this the leader make the decision and communicate to the employee's .
Participating – In this the leader work with the team member and make relevant decision in the
organisation and also support and encourage them (Noe and et.al, 2017).
Delegating – In this leader assign decision making responsibility to team members.
Advantages – This leadership style are easy to use as it depend on the particular situation.
Also in this leader have permission to change management style whenever he feels good. Also in
this leadership theory the manager gives more weight to the employees and also encourage the
employees to participate in the decision making process. And also this type of leader put the
relationship between the manager and the employees. And by this connection the employees feel
more importance in the organisation.
Disadvantage – Situational leadership are some time very difficult for the leader and also
this type of flexible approach can give too much emphasis on intimidate need. Also, the main
disadvantage is that situational leaders can divert attention away from long term strategies and
policies (Grint, Jones and Holt, 2016).
System leadership theory
In this leadership theory helps the leader in an organisation create the condition where
people at all the level in the organisation can work in more productive way up to their potential.
It also helps the organisation to build effective system as it drive productive behaviour and helps
to achieve the goals and objective of the organisation. It provides a tool that helps to predict
people's behaviour in the organisation.
Advantage – The main advantage of system leadership theory is that it concentrate on end
result and work in the effective manner. It also provides efficient plan in order to give direction
to the company. It also develops coordination of the department and also increases the
productivity of the company.
Disadvantage – First and foremost disadvantage of system leadership is that it sometime
doesn't perform adequate task. And sometime it is very time consuming (Frohlich and
Oppenheimer, , 2015).

Contingency Leadership Theory
It is an organisational theory that claims that there is no best way to organise the business
and lead the employee in the organisation. A contingency leader effectively applied his
leadership style at right situation at right time. No rigid rules and regulation are there in the
organisation. Contingency leadership are dependent on three factors such as leader member
relation where it emphasis that positive relation with the subordinate and superior. The second
factor is task structure in this there is clear guideline to follow the communication chain and the
last positional power in this the leader has the power to reward and punish the employees.
Advantages - the biggest advantage of contingency theory is that it is very flexible
leadership style as the leader can change it according to leader style. In these style the
employees' opinion are considered as leader also have respect for his employees and also handle
responsibility to the employees (Lussier and Achua, 2015).
Disadvantages- one of the disadvantage of this leadership theory is that it is complex
theory and it is hard to understand it. The other disadvantage is that it suffers from inadequately
of literature.
The leaders of Double Tree Hotel can uses situational leadership theory to overcome the
problem of management structure as in this the leader will take decision according to the
situation and also work in the effective manner as in this approach there is flexible leadership
approach which work in situation to situation as management structure is change from flat
structure to tall structure which is way to complex from the previous one (DuBrin, 2015).
Opinion
From the above it has been realized that the leader and manager play a major role in the
organisation and it both have different traits and characteristics which make both of them
different from each other. Further, it has realised there are different situations in the organisation
that the manager and leader must react in different way. Further, it has three main approaches of
leadership theories such as situational, system and contingency approach which have certain
advantages and disadvantages
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has concluded that operational management plays an important
role in the organisation as it increase the productivity of the business. From the above report it
has been concluded that leader and manager play an effective role in the business and it has

various different situation where the leader and the manager has different role in that situation.
And also it has been concluded that there are three leadership theories such as situational
leadership theory, system leadership theory and contingency leadership theory with both positive
and negative aspect of the theory.

TASK 2
INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the area of that basically concern with the designing and
controlling the process of production and redesigning the business operations and it also
converted the input into output. The main aim of this part of the report is to determine the role of
operation management in success of a business. The chosen form for this report is Leonardo
Royal Hotels is one of the leading hotel group. In this report describe the Role of operation
Manager to improve the efficiency and decision they make and present key approaches of
operation management. Further it describes different factor that affect business operations
(Antonakis and Dayeds., 2017).
MAIN BODY
a) Role of operation Manager to improve the efficiency and decision they make
Operational Manager – Operational manager is the person who crate the highest level
of efficiency with in organisation. It is the person who concern with the maximising the profit in
the organisation. He is the person which is help in planing and execution of the routine function
and also manages and control the routine and daily base activity. It also analyses and improve
organisational process and also by his efforts it increases the productivity of the organisation and
also quality of the product and services. Operational manager is the one who is involved in
planning organising, direction, controlling the production and manufacturing process.
Role of operational Manager – the operational manager of Leonardo Royal Hotels are
responsible for overall well being of the company 's operation. They are one who determine the
needs within the company and also helps to resolve the conflict in the organisation and also the
other role is that they need to think in the critical manner and make decision toward the interest
of a firm. And also a large part of operational manager job is to see the creation of budget.
Operational manager will regulatory operate and regulate it to minimise the expenses. And also
uses many cost effective techniques. Operational manager also handle on the staffing
requirement as they work with HR to fill the vacancy in the organisation because they are the
one who aware with the requirement. They also make improve decision making as by adding
innovative and creative skills that make to run the organisation in the better manner. And the role
of operational manager is to make work in the efficient manner and also manages the supply

chain procedures and track the inventory in order to operate in effective way. Operational
manager use a wide variety of skills and also they are specialized in many areas and also they
define company policies and procedure and also monitor internal HR systems and ensure the
other compliances and also deal with the legal practices in Leonardo Royal Hotels and also
create and manage the department ' s budget. It also helps to interlink between the department
(Hayes, 2017).
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b) Key elements and approaches of different operation management system
There are different key approaches of operation management system such as:
Total Quality management: It is the customer oriented process whose aim is to make
continuous improvement in business operation of Leonardo Royal Hotels and provide better
quality products. This approach is mainly based upon some key principles such as commitment
from the management, employee empowerment, continuous improvement, customer focus
(Bouranta and et.al., 2019). The main of this approach is to provide long term success through
customer satisfaction and both leaders and managers of Leonardo Royal Hotels tries to
implement this into working area.
Advantages:This will help to increase the awareness of quality culture and helps in achieving
teamwork as well.
Disadvantages: It creates a lot of pressure upon employees and the provides slow outcomes
(Townsend and Gebhardt, 2019).
Six Sigma: it is a technique which is mainly based upon the process of improvement. As
if leaders of Leonardo Royal Hotels uses this strategy will help to raise the performance and
decreases in the process variation that helps to reduce the defects and improvement in profits
(Allen, 2019). Further, it also indicate that the process is well controlled and the firm is not able
to provide the quality of products or services.
Advantages: If firm is using this, then it assured the success and also helps to increase the value
as well. Further it avoids the wastage and reduce the cost of products as well (Rodgers and
Antony, 2019).
Disadvantages:This strategy is difficult to implement and its process is complicated and also
requires total cooperation of the company.
Lean Production: It is the systematic method for the maximization of waste in the
company without affect the productivity that may cause problems. Therefore the aim of the
strategy is to cut the cost in order to make the business more efficient an responsive to the market
needs (Lean production, 2018). Therefore, the leaders and manager of the quoted firm may opt
this approach of operation management in order to improve its operations.
Advantages: it saves cost as well as time. Further help to improve the customer relationship
management as well.
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Disadvantages: as it emphasis effective HRM, then sometime the workers feel frustrated and it
leads to negative perception by the staff (Laureani and Antony, J2019).
c) Presenting different factor that affect business operations
There are many external and internal factor that affect the business operation, such as:
Corporate Social Responsibility: This factor creates the positive impact upon the
business operations because it impact upon the business' ability to attract top talent and retention
rates. As Leonardo Royal Hotels also apply CSR into its business that helps to creates positive
business reputation, also increases the sales and customer loyalty (Crane, Matten and Spence,
2019). Apart from this, having effective CSR policy also helps a business to lead to competitive
advantages and helps in reduces the business waste. Thus, it shows that it creates positive impact
upon NOV.
Culture and Values: A positive working culture helps to attract the top talent in the
business and it also leads to improve the business performance as well. Further, culture is all
about the values, beliefs, attitude and tradition, therefore, if business posses this all together then
it helps to make the organization unique and distinct. While on the other side, if the culture and
values of NOV is not accordingly ,then it creates conflicts among employees, that leads to
negative impact (Kusukawa, 2019).
Ethics and Sustainability: This also creates positive impact upon business operations
when the business follows code of practice and sustainability act. As Leonardo Royal Hotels
offer hotel products, therefore it is quite essential for the firm to provide those products that do
not affect the environment in positive way (Clinton and Whisnant, 2019). In the same way, it has
to develop the strategy in relation to environmental concerns in order to be more sustainable and
also follow the code of practice as well.
SWOT Analysis: This strategic tool helps to determine the micro factor that affect
internal environment of Leonardo Royal Hotels , such as:
Strength:
 Leonardo Royal Hotels has very diverse product line and it also offer vast ranges of
services such as bar, spa, 5 star hotels, best quality of room.
 The quotes firm is a market leader in supply chain management because its distribution
network is present in more than 70 locations (Phadermrod, Crowder and Wills, 2019).
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 The company also has CSR initiatives and environmental programs that helps to sustain
its brand image.
Weaknesses:
 The biggest weaknesses of the company is its working culture that affect the business in
negative way.
 The company is completely dependent on the finding new areas of establishment which
are further found very infrequently.
Opportunities:
 For Leonardo Royal Hotels, if the company uses advance technology then it creates
opportunities to grow its business at different countries.
 The quoted firm can also innovate new and different services that helps a business to
grow at further level (Bull and et.al., 2016).
Threats:
 Sudden fluctuation in foreign exchange and global crisis affect the operations.
 For Leonardo Royal Hotels, the biggest threat is that it faces tough competition from its
rivals.
Pestle Analysis: This strategic tool helps to determine the macro factor that affect
external environment of Leonardo Royal Hotels, such as:
Political Factor: sudden change in tax rates and regulatory practices affect the external
business of the company. The present government system in US has also served its purpose for
the long time and thus, the company has to keep monitoring the government policies and
priorities to predict the trends. Further, the local government also makes changes in policy of the
country, thus, Leonardo Royal Hotels should closely follow the states and territories rather than
devising nation wide policies.
Economic Factor: the volatile exchange rate of the country can impact upon Leonardo
Royal Hotels investment plan for long term. Even the country's stable economic condition also
affect the business in positive way such that it increase the demand of the customers and leads to
raise its financial performance (Fozer and et.al., 2017). The skill level of human resources in
moderate to high in this sector, thus, Leonardo Royal Hotels can leverage it to not only improve
the services but creates job opportunities as well.
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Social Factor: As the country is growing and for energy products, Leonardo Royal
Hotels has demographics on its side, thus it can use this trend to cater various segment of
population. Further due to increase In liberalization, the attitude towards the health and safety is
drooping. Therefore, there is a need to stay away from these attitudes as the cost of failure also
high.
Technological Factor: It creates positive impact upon the business such that by adopting
latest technology into the working area will help to lower down the cost of production and that is
why the quoted firm has to restructure its supply chain in order to bring the flexibility to meet
both customer needs and cost structure (Koshesh and Jafari, 2019). By using latest and advance
technique, the company also innovate the new products in order to meet the demand of their
customers.
Legal Factor: the firm has to follow the business laws, Data protection law and Health
and safety law that helps in the smooth functioning of a business. Further, the legal protection of
intellectual property, copyright and patent should be adopted by the firm so that it helps to
creates positive impression upon the customers (Nandonde, 2019).
Environmental factor: Leonardo Royal Hotels should also follow sustainability act in
which it also support or protect the environment from getting harm. The company also have its
own waste management system that helps to protect the environment This result in greater
investigation of environmental standards for a firm,.
Opinion: from the above, it has been realised that there are various factor that affect the
internal and external factor, but the company has to develop the strategy to overcome the factor.
Further, it is also realised that company should follow all laws and regulation for smooth
functioning of a business. Even, the company should have to follow the code of practice and
sustainability act that helps to cope up the legal and environmental factors. Further, the company
should also follow lean production as a key approach of operational management that helps to
reduce the cost and minimize the waste.
CONCLUSION
By summing up above, it has been concluded that operational management plays an
effective role in Leonardo Royal Hotels as it is realized that it helps in converting the input into
output. From the report, it has been concluded that operation manager of the firm helps in
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evaluating the overall performance of the company and also identify that the goals are met or
not. This part also concluded that by using lean production as a key approach will help a business
to improve the overall quality of the offered products. Lastly, report concluded that CSR, ethics
and values, culture affect Leonardo Royal Hotels in both positive and negative way.
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