Exploring Public Health Concepts and Theories

The provided content comprises a diverse range of resources related to public health, risk communication, social determinants, geographic information systems (GIS), and behavioral science theories. The articles and books explore topics such as the impact pyramid for public health action, the role of environmental factors in public health, the importance of physical activity and education, and the application of behavioral science theories in public health interventions. Additionally, the content touches on themes like equity, community engagement, and the potential impact of Marcellus Shale drilling on environmental health. The resources also discuss the pandemic of physical inactivity and global action for public health, as well as the importance of outcome measurement in economic evaluations of public health interventions.

ROLE OF PUBLIC
HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CARE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
1.1) Roles of different agencies..............................................................................................3
1.2)The epidemiology of infectious and non- infectious diseases.........................................5
1.3)Effectiveness of different approaches to control disease incidents..................................7
TASK2...........................................................................................................................................10
2.1) Current approaches and priorities of the services to communities...............................10
2.2)Relationship between prevalence of diseases and requirement of the services.............11
2.3) The impact of the current lifestyle choices for the future needs...................................12
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................14
3.1) Priorities of health and well being................................................................................14
3.2) Effectiveness of the strategies and policies in the health and social care.....................15
3.3) Changes that could be made for more improvement....................................................15
3.4)The activity that has been implemented to encourage the behavioural changes............15
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
The public health means the safety and protection of the health of population of nation
rather than the health of an individual person. The government of the nation has also a major role
in the development and improvement of the health of the people of society (Atrash and
Carpentier, 2012). There are many factors that can cause health related issues to the people of the
nation. Hence it is very necessary to understand these factors and safety and protection policies
and procedures are to be made as to safeguard the health of the population. The policies can not
be made by any single entity it is very must to create links and connection with the different
nation's government and private sectors so that the effective procedures of health safety can be
executed.
TASK1
1.1) Roles of different agencies.
The health of the public very important as it has to be safeguard by adapting the various
policies that are related to the disease, safety of the health campaigns has to be promoted by the
government and several agencies who are involved in the identifying the diseases and the reasons
behind it. The health care sectors has to very carefully tackle the patients facing the health
related problems and they have to be treated very effective manner. And the root cause of the
issue has to be find out by the researchers so that the problems can be reduced earlier (Basile and
Smith, 2011). The local, national and international levels are the stages where the agencies are
performing their duties and they are making many plans and strategies that can help in resolving
the health related issues. The world health organisation, national health organisation and national
institution of health and clinical excellence are different agencies which are involved in health
and safety of public who are affected by various diseases.
Local agency
Local Care Force - The Nursing, Social & Healthcare Agency, it is an agency in
country which is working for public's health at local level. The local public health department
has the basic and difficult role in the the sector of health and social care. As they act as the front
line staffs who delivers the services to the public of the various communities of nation. They are
liable for the availing the facilities to the people of community in different countries. The local

outbreaks of the diseases are responded by these agencies. The social services at local level are
to be considered effectively and also the welfare acts are to be done like accommodation related
to the residential to those people who are not able to get any kind of care due to several reasons
(Beckman And et.al, 2010).
Role of local agency
 Welfare of people of the society.
 To educate public about several diseases that are spreading and causing many problems
in their healths. They create awareness to all so that prevention can be taken at primary
stage itself. This agency do immunization activities for both adult and kids.
Regional agency
PHE is a regional agency which has been introduced in 2013, its main motive is to
protect and enhance the health condition of people in a particular nation and also to maintain
equality among all the people. It is working into several division, they are-
 Health protection
 Health improvement
 Research and improving the people who are affected with various diseases.
 Contagious disease surveillance and its control
Its main role is to provide integrated services to people so that they can be able to avail
better services that can be very helpful for them in getting prevented by various health related
problems. It also plays a very important role in developing the new strategies and tactics which
are very useful for the society as they could be prevented from the threats of the diseases.
National agency
At national level the National Health Services are operating in England and it is named as
the Health and Social Care Act 2012, where the nation's people health are protected and
improved and they try to reduce the issue of health inequalities of the country. This act is been
established on 1st April 2013 it got its existence due to the unhealthy condition of the people in
the nation was increasing rapidly, death rates are increasing which has disturbed the country's
standard of living very badly (Bennett, 2010). Role of NICE( National institution of health and
care excellence) is to enhance results for individuals utilizing the NHS and other general well
being and social care administrations. Delivering proofs based direction and guidance for general

well-being and social care specialists. It is very much concern about health related issues that are
faced by general public in the society
Role of National agency
This section is very much responsible for introducing new health care centres so that
patient can be benefited from it. It conveys information regarding many diseases at national level
so that entire nation will be able to take safety measures and can be able to prevent from
dangerous and hazardous infections and viruses. NICE is a community which is dealing in
treating customers and providing those service in improved manner that has not been delivered
by NHS. At national level they are very practically performing their part as they want to
eradicate the issues that are faced by people.
International agency
In international level the World Health Organisation is carrying out its duty to safeguard
the life and the health of the nation's people. The WHO is providing many financial aids to the
different countries so that the governments of the nation can be able to invest those funds in the
health and the safety policies and health cares for better services to the public. The research
agenda for every country are planned and shaped by it, the knowledge and the informations are
communicated worldwide to create the awareness related to health aspects. It issues policies and
rules regarding articulating ethical and evidence based elements. It also helps in providing the
technical support system and evaluate and monitor the situations of health and also assess the
trends.
Role of Internation agency
 To make policy regarding health and social care that must be followed by every nation.
 To provide aid to several agencies that are performing activities related to social and
health care.
 It use to set agenda for research for all countries.
 Situations of every nation is get evaluated by it so public can be able to get better health
care services.
Red cross
It is an organisation that is providing customers the effective and emergency services and
are offering people at times of disaster and other circumstances. This basically avails the services
as first aid, help for those who are on wheel chairs, refugee supports, armed people are protected

and also teaching resources are provided on free of cost. The major motive of them is not to
refuse people who are facing several issues regarding their health.
1.2)The epidemiology of infectious and non- infectious diseases.
Epidemiology is the study of medicines which deals with the incidents possible situation
of controlling the diseases and the study of all the related aspects of the health. It helps in the
collection of data of the population, monitoring them and they take corrective and protective
actions against them. It do the identification of all the problems related to health and several
programmes and policies are created by them (Blas and Kurup, 2010).
Infectious disease
HIV is one of the infectious disease that the forms in the human where the immune
system of the person fails to function properly. It can also make a situation of clotting of the
blood in body and cancer can be formed. The person can survive up to 9-11 years with any
treatment of HIV. It occurs fragile manner and cause deficiency in immunity of the body. It
mostly occurs due to the exchange of the fluids of the body like, blood, semen, tissue transplant
and blood products of the body. The high chance of the cause of this disease it the unprotected
physical intercourse and intimation of the partners and also with the transfusion of blood. The
disease can get transmitted to the infant from the diseased mother. The screening can be done
through a test called ELISA test and if the result seems positive then to make it confirm the
Western Blot test can be carried out. The disease is very dangerous as because if the
precautionary actions are not taken correctively on time the death of the patient can also be
occurred due to this (Cromley and McLafferty, 2011).

Non- infectious disease
In United Kingdom diabetes is a non infectious disease that is been spreading like fire. If
any one get affected with disease many other issues related to health get arise like, heart attack,
high blood pressure. PHE data reveals that in nation 3.8 million people are very badly suffering
from this situation and many have even died due to this. Adults are mostly suffering from this
and survey report states that over 9% are trapped with diabetes. It has been seen that this is of
two kind, 1 and 2. 3.8 million people are facing both kinds. 90% are coming under case 2 nd
where they are facing situations mostly of over weight. As compared men are having diabetes
more than women, men with 9.6% and women with 7.6%.

1.3)Effectiveness of different approaches to control disease incidents.
The health research agencies and organisation has planned for the development of the
policies and procedures that has to be implemented in the laws so that the health related issues
that the people of the society is facing can be resolved or can be reduced as because there are
many such diseases which do not have any treatment. They can be medicated but not eliminate
from the root. There are several strategies that are made to control the incidents of the diseases.
The solutions that can be understood and implement in the aspect of controlling of the HIV
disease in the nation. The World Health Organisation has to few objectives of the programmes
and the strategies related to the STI control system, they are as below-
 To protect the people by the development of the disease and its complications.
 To control the infection to be get transmitted.
 And to interrupt the STI transmission.
The campaigns are been introduced by the government and the different agencies to promote the
safety of the health related to HIV diseases (Fairchild And et.al, 2010). The health education and
awareness programmes are organising where the unprotected sex related aspects are informed
and also the safety precautions are communicated. The use of condoms while intimating if any of
the partner is already suffering from the disease. Also the physical relation of a person with
many people can be a cause of the formation of this virus, hence the awareness are created by
these agencies to the public.
The Behavioural intervention is the method through which the risk related to the
HIV transmission can be emitted or reduced. This aspect helps to reduce the person to

understand the need of avoiding number of sexual partners that an individual person have
(Frieden, 2010). The use of the clean and new needles for those who uses drug injections and
also the increase of the use of condoms by people.
Biomedical intervention is the strategy through which the transmission of the HIV can be
reduced up to 60% when the unprotected heterosexual sex is been performed. The examples
related to this approach is the condoms of male and females both, Tests and counselling, needle
and the syringe programmes and screening of the blood.
Structural intervention is the method by which the HIV disease can be prevented, but it is
very difficult to implement as because it deals with the core socio-economical issues of the
nation. The cases here occurs between the lesbians and gays, hence the implementation of the
programmes become quite difficult with them.
There are three stages which are used to prevent the disease, below are the step-
1. Primary- At this prevention stage Health safety and promotional acts are understood so
that, one can be able to know current state of him/her. This is a stage where several
preventive actions are performed so that possibility of occurrence of diseases can be
reduced. This is a stage of prepathogenesism where chances of a person to get affected
with several diseases takes place. This level shows a life style of a person which is
effective enough to live a healthy living.
2. Secondary- It is a phase where recognition of diseases takes place and safety measures
get starts here. Early diagnosis and treatments are performed
3. Tertiary- It is a last stage where a proper treatment has to be performed so as to protect
one from its severe consequences. It is a late pathogenesis stage.
For prevention of HIV disease following aspect can be adapted at three stages-
 Primary stage- This is the first and the basic stage where the person or the one who are in
risk of the disease has to be immunized. There are different vaccines which are available
in the market which is help a person's body to get resistance against the HIV disease.
Zoster, Varicella and many more vaccines are available which is very essentially injected
so as to avoid the infection of disease.
 Secondary stage- This is the stage where several precautionary actions and tools can be
used by person to get prevented by the disease as people can use condoms that both male
and female can use at the time of intercourse.

 Tertiary stage- At this stage the patients are treated with different therapies which is very
essential as because it will help in preventing form the HIV diseases. Antiretroviral
therapy can be used as a treatment to prevent from sexual transmission diseases like
HIV/AIDS.
Surveillance is a system which is a way or method that helps in gathering and evaluating
data and information for interpretation that are related to health problems suffered by people of
the society. It is very helpful in making several strategies and plans that are needed by different
agencies of nation to implement effective and appropriate system for the betterment of health of
the public. It is very necessary to carry out as because this will help and assist in maintaining a
good health and make to live a happy life.
Screening are those tests and method of identification of the disease before a symptom
get arise. With the help of this methodology one can be able to to know about a disease at an
early stage. This is very helpful as because through this a person could be able to realize about
several consequences that could take place in future hence an early stage treatment can be
performed. This is very beneficial to perform as because, this will support in keeping a healthy
and safe life with resistance to several dangerous diseases.
Immunization is the method through which one will get immunity against numerous
infections and diseases. This is system which helps in providing a precautionary safety to an
individual. This is mostly carried out with vaccination. There are number of vaccines available
that can be used by people for their health as this will help in preventing them from diseases. It
act as a resistance part for the body. At different level of life span from childhood till old age this
is used as it will help in protecting by facing numerous infectious diseases.
TASK2
2.1) Current approaches and priorities of the services to communities.
The diseases are impacting the nation's whole scenario, not only the country but the
world is facing the problem of health related issues. There are some approaches and priorities
that are considered as to provide the services to the communities. They are as follows-
1. Disease prevention- It is the method through which the attention are drawn upon the
services that are to be availed to the public of the nation (Glanz and Bishop, 2010). With
the help of cooperation with different entities and groups the medication approach to

prevent the diseases are carried out. Basically the aspect focuses upon the safety and
protection of the people of the nation and its communities. This concentrate on the
strategies that are made to reduce the risk of the chronic disease and the morbidities. The
division of the medication and the science are included in this and to learn the racial
practices that can spread the diseases among the people.
2. Treatment- It is the way through which the several diseases and the cause and the
outcomes of them are deal out. The aspects of the medicines and the use of the various
equipments so that the disease can be identified and can be treated effectively this way
the diseases can be eliminated or can be reduced from the person and their life can be
saved and the number of death can also be decreased.
3. Palliative care- It is the approach through which the patients are treated and the aid are
provided to them apart from the care of the hospitals. The grief that the patient has are
released with this and proper attention and care are given to them. The main
concentration is in the part of the patients safety as because this is availed to those people
who are not having the chance to live any more, at any moment they can take their last
breath (Goh And et.al, 2011). Therefore special attention beside the medicines of the
hospitals are also to be availed to them.
4. Palliative medicines- These are the medicines that are provided to those who are in
palliative care, their life is going only on the basis of these medicines. This is only
suitable for the patients who is suffering from every aspects he does not have any chance
to live further, the case is very worst of the patient.
5. Remedial care- This is a non residential care centre for those young and grown up people
who are not capable enough to carry out their own work, the disabled or the incapable
people are held here are care is done for them. They are well treated and all the facilities
that they requires are fulfilled by remedial care centres.
2.2)Relationship between prevalence of diseases and requirement of the services.
The prevalence is the quantity of the situations of different incidents related to the event
of the health issues that has been occurred in specific time period. It is the division of the
circumstances of the issues related to the health problems according to the time gap of the
population of the happened indicators. As to provide the social care and services to the public the
prevalence are required as it is very important (Goldstein, Kriesky and Pavliakova, 2012). It

helps in making appropriate plans to avail the best health services to the clients and the patients
suffering from various diseases.
Considering the prevalence of the HIV disease the basic need is to plan the strategies and
to implement these activities in the protection and prevention of the health threatened diseases.
The understanding and knowing the exact issue related to the disease will help in targetting the
issues, and will also help in implementing the strategies in effective manner that has been
planned by the varies agencies and government for the prevention of the diseases.
The public of the society are not even aware of the several diseases and its outcome
hence it become very essential to create the awareness about the diseases and their impact in the
life of the people. The education and all the information has to be conveyed and to make them
understand the need of the precautions and safety measures to tackle the different circumstances.
The planning has to be made to identify the services that has to be availed to the patients. The
incidents that occurs is not in proper therefore the the prevalence is required as to measure the
requirement of the services that must be provided to the patients who are suffering various health
related problems which are both infectious and non infectious. With the help of the gathered
information it can be understood that what all areas has to be practised and where the expert
attentions can be executed (Hills, Dengel and Lubans, 2015). Hence the relation between the
prevalence and the services are very directly connected and they are to be implemented in the
best effective manner so that the patients can be treated and their life can be protected and
prevented from the several diseases.
A proper planning is been done so that each and every aspect that are related to the health
and care section can be managed in an appropriate manner. This will help in availing services
that are needed at different health care centre as they are serving the customers. For that they
need many support planning is one of the factor through which all the operations and functions
can be able to perform in most effective manner.
Training is very essential to train people for their own safety and precaution also to those
who are providing service to patients in health care centres. Well trained people will be able to
serve in more effective and better manner so that they clients can get better and aided to recover
from their health problems.
Availing funds is very necessary, this has to be done by government of nation and they
have to keep an eye upon them so that properly services can be provided to patients in health

care homes. As to serve them several things are required especially finance, so it has to be
managed in well manner so that smooth functioning of centres can be performed.
As there are many people who are indulged in working as partnership so as to prevent
and safeguard the people in the nations. They plays a very important role in the development of
awareness to the public about the several consequences and problems of the diseases. The
experts are very much indulge in making strategies and plans so that they can implement them at
times of crises. They are also creating awareness to people about the problems of not taking care
of their life, health and the disease through which the are suffering. They use to provide services
to people at emergency situation, first aids are availed to people suffering witrh various health
related problems.
2.3) The impact of the current lifestyle choices for the future needs.
The people of the society are now a days not much concern about their health. The
lifestyle they opts are very hectic and complex, they don't spend time for their own life. They
don't understand the worth of their life, the health is totally depended upon the way a person live
and behave. If today one will not value their life definitely in future time and health both will not
value that person. The suffering can be the end result of the wrong lifestyle adopted by the
people. The trend and the life style that the people of the nation now a days are opting is quiet
different which is totally against the life (Kohl And et.al, 2012). A unhealthy lifestyle is been
followed by the people and they are liking it very well. The current and most trendy issue is the
smoking, most of the people are very much addicted to the activity of smoking. Beside knowing
the impact the people are adapting the trend of cigarette smoking. The children and women are
now a days more addicted to the smoking act and it is been carrying as a culture to the upcoming
generation. The schools kids are also involved in this addiction. Their life is been very badly
affected by thus and still they are not concerned about this.
The other issue that are followed by the people are the consumption of the alcohol, the
result of this is very critical and complex as because it is causing many death even. The use of
these has caused problem in the living and in future they will be facing many more issues related
to their health. The adverse effect of the use of these things may not be seen instantly but can be
analysed in the future and that time they will not be able to understand what to do exactly.
There are some of the addictions and habits that has entirely changed the living style of
people in the society. Now a days children are very much fond of fast and junk foods. These are

very badly affecting the health of them lots of oily and fats are consumed by them. They face
situation of obesity which affect them a lot. Eating such foods are very dangerous as because this
will lead in increase of cholesterol in their body which will influence their living as well. Fatigue
will be a state which they will be facing.
Drinking and using drugs has also become a trend at present time period, young to old all
are consuming this as a habit which is affecting their body parts. Several part of their body will
get affected which stop working as they are continuously using them. Their schedule and their
routine of diet will get changed. This will lead them to live a very bad and poor life as they
would not be able to do anything as they lost from all the aspects of their lives.
Smoking has become a fashion symbol at present time. All are getting involved in this
activity even pregnant ladies are smoking which is affecting their babies and also they are getting
adverse effect out of this. Consuming this will create a situation where one will not will hunger
and this will ultimately change their routine of diet.
At present time people are very busy in their life that they are not much concern about
their eating habits, most of the time people use to eat junk foods, due to this people are facing
obesity, issues fat get collected in their body will create big problems in their life. This will
affect their living as well, this will lead in poor health and many time people die due to their
heavy body mass that they themselves not able to handle.
Use of drugs has become very common at present time, youngsters are very much
involved in having drugs. These are affecting their body parts, many time people use to face with
cancer and heart attack as their functioning get affected very badly.
Many people face problems in their life due to not doing proper exercise. As their body
get tired but still regular work is done by it so, they need to more take care of their life and health
this will lead in living healthily.
TASK 3
3.1) Priorities of health and well being.
There are many factors that are to be considered so that the people's health and life can be
prevented and protected effectively and safely. There are many aspects that has to be understood
by the people as because these are the factors that can affect the living of the nation's people

(Lorgelly And et.al, 2010). The factors are- physical factors, psychological factors,
environmental factors and socio-economical factors. Safety and security- The prior most aspect that has to be considered is the safety and
security of an individual. It is very essential for a health care centre to focus much upon.
The immune system, hormonal imbalance , malfunctioning of the body parts are the
physical factors of the person that can be an element which will affect the health of the
person. Hence proper care has to be availed to them so that they could be prevented from
several aspects. Intellectual stimulation- There are kind of factor called stimulation which plays a very
important role. As this help in knowing the what actually is been done with one's life. It is
been analysed that people who live an intellectual stimulation life stays more healthy and
fit. The stress is the most important factor that includes in the psychological aspects as it
results if consumption of alcohol, smoking, unsafe sex activities. This can affect the
living and can destroy the life of the person totally, and also illness can take place in the
life of several people. As if one is very well managed in life physically and mentally then
they will prevent themselves from infectious and other dangerous diseases. Communication- One should be very much concern about their life, and a person should
priorly communicate about any kind of health related issue is been faced by them this
will help them in keeping their own self in appropriate manner. This is an approach
through which one would be able to handle the situation of health. Health care centre
must also convey proper message to patient about their health as they can take action as
immediate as possible.
 Diet & living- People at present time need to spare time for themselves, busy schedule
has changed their life and way of living so it is very essential for them to take a healthy
and good diet along with this proper standard of living has to be adapted. Food has to be
consumed that are very much healthy and will lead in a good manner.
3.2) Effectiveness of the strategies and policies in the health and social care.
The effectiveness of the implemented strategies can be evaluated with the help of the
services and the feedback and also with the result in the health of the patients who were suffering
from the various diseases. The number of agencies which are involved in the policy making and
implementation of them into the culture are interlinked with each other so that they can be

perform their operations for one main objective. Due to the changes that are made in the
strategies that are related to the protection and prevention of the health issues are seem to be very
effective and because the people of the nation comparatively are concerning more for their
health. Also the changes that are made in the strategies has motivated to inculcate new policies to
make better provisions for the care of the people's health (Martinez and et.al, 2011). Therefore
many of the strategies are found to be very much effective in dealing with problems of the health
related issues. There are many areas which has to be worked upon to improve those areas.
Strategies
 Intervention techniques- there are several techniques that can be adapted by patients so as
to get treated through the various modes. People can get services with medicines,
surgeries and proper eating style can help in getting treatments through the several
infectious and non infectious diseases.
 CQC- It is a commission which is performing the operations to check whether the health
care homes are providing qualitative services or not. It is formed so as to monitor and
check the services are availed to clients and patients in effective and appropriate manner
or not.
Policies
 Equality- It is very essential to serve each and every client in an equal and effective
manner bias situation should not take place or the one who has the capability to pay
more should not be treated in more prior manner.
 Risk assessment- It is also the duty of different agencies to check whether properly risk
factors are assessed by health care homes or not.
3.3) Changes that could be made for more improvement.
As the changes that are already implemented are very effectively working in the
protection and the safety of the health of people of society. The most important thing that has to
be considered is the attitude of the people. The changes related to the attitude of the person will
definitely help in the improvement of the health and the life of the people. The various factors
has to be very effectively focused to improve the living and health of the people. The
psychological factors are connected with the health of the people as it will affect the health a lot.
To cope up with this it is very necessary to be relaxed so that the life can be smoothly run
otherwise this will affect the mind and can cause the situation of memory lose.

 Surgery- As smoking is very affecting aspect hence people can treat them with help of
surgery as there are many such techniques through which treatment can be performed.
This will help in overcoming the problems that are faced due to smoking
 Medication- There are also various medicines are available that can be availed to people
who are very much addicted for smoking. Medicines can help in overcoming with the
issues. This process will take time but will get aid through this.
 Health eating and exercise- One of the most important aspect that can be focused by
people are their eating and living habits. Eating good and healthy food will help in living
a safe life, this will also help in preventing one to get affected with carious diseases.
Proper exercise must be done as because this will make one's life healthy and safe.
3.4)The activity that has been implemented to encourage the behavioural changes.
There are various action that are to be implemented to improve the living of the people in
a healthy manner. It is very necessary for the agencies to implement the health related campaigns
from the school level itself so that the children can be cured since childhood (Nawrot and et.al,
2011). The vaccination camps can also be executed by the government and non government
agencies so that they can help the people and the children from the various health related
problems. The planned visits has to be carried out on the weekly basis in different schools and
villages and all the areas so that the awareness as well as the medication process can be carried
out effectively which will also help in the improvement of the life and the living of the people of
the country (Potvin and Jones, 2011).
No smoking campaign
No smoking has to be informed to general public as because this will create awareness to
the people ans this will lead in saving life of them. The campaign must be performed in various
places where lack of information is present. There are many places where people are not aware
about the consequences of smoking. Many problems may arise by getting habitual to this,hence it
is very necessary to make all the people know about this unless they may face many health issues
which will ultimately affect the life and even cause death.
CONCLUSION
This assignment report helps in understanding the roles and the responsibilities of the
different agencies who are working for the protection and prevention of the public from the

various diseases that can affect the life and the family of the people. The priorities and the
approaches are also been concluded so that the needs and the policies can be understand by the
reader to enhance their knowledge about the precautionary act that can be taken by the people.
The current lifestyle of the people definitely pay in the future both in positive and negative
manner. The way a person live today frames the future of him, it is been studied that the lifestyle
has a direct impact in the future of a person. All the discussion related to the improvement
criteria that can be implemented to enhance the living of the people of the society. The activities
are also explained which can be implemented for the encouragement of the behaviour of people
to live a healthy life.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Basile, K.C. and Smith, S.G., 2011. Sexual violence victimization of women: Prevalence,
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