System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - A Survey

SAD Submitted by Dipak Chhetri (HND / Second Semester) SUBMITTED TO: Kamal Dhakal SAD Contents Task 1: 5 Introduction5 1.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC):. 6 Testing 7 Deployment:7 1.340 SDLC models 7 1.3.1 Waterfall model: . 10 Strength of Spiral Model:11 Weakness of Spiral model: 11 1.3.3 Prototype model 11 Advantages of Prototype model. 13 Advantages of the RAD model 14 Disadvantages of the RAD model14 1.3.5 Agile model 15

Submitted by Dipak Chhetri (HND / Second Semester)
SUBMITTED TO: Kamal Dhakal
SAD

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Submitted by Dipak Chhetri (HND / Second Semester) 1
Contents
Task 1: ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): ......................................................................................... 5
Planning: ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Defining requirements: ........................................................................................................................ 6
Systems Design: .................................................................................................................................. 6
Development of product: ..................................................................................................................... 6
Testing ................................................................................................................................................ 7
Deployment: ........................................................................................................................................ 7
1.3 SDLC models.................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1 Waterfall model: ......................................................................................................................... 7
Advantages of Waterfall model ....................................................................................................... 8
Disadvantages of waterfall model are given below: ......................................................................... 9
1.3.2Spiral Model ................................................................................................................................ 9
Phases of spiral model ................................................................................................................... 10
Advantages of spiral model ........................................................................................................... 10
Disadvantages of spiral model ....................................................................................................... 10
Strength of Spiral Model: .............................................................................................................. 11
Weakness of Spiral model: ............................................................................................................ 11
1.3.3 Prototype model........................................................................................................................ 11
Advantages of Prototype model ..................................................................................................... 12
Disadvantages of prototype model ................................................................................................. 13
1.3.4 RAD (Rapid Application Development) ................................................................................... 13
Advantages of the RAD model ...................................................................................................... 14
Disadvantages of the RAD model .................................................................................................. 14
1.3.5 Agile model .............................................................................................................................. 15

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Advantages of Agile model ........................................................................................................... 16
Disadvantages of Agile model ....................................................................................................... 16
1.3.6 DSDM (Dynamic System Development Method) ..................................................................... 16
Advantages of DSDM model......................................................................................................... 17
Disadvantages of DSDM model .................................................................................................... 17
1.4 Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Task 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2) Importance of System Investigation ............................................................................................... 18
2.3 Stages of system development life cycle .......................................................................................... 19
2.3.1 Planning ................................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.2 Questionnaires: ......................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.3 Implementation ......................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.4 Testing: .................................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.5 Review: .................................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.6 Record View ............................................................................................................................. 21
2.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 21
Task 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Benefits of Feasibility study ............................................................................................................ 21
3.2.1Technical feasibility................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2 Economic Feasibility ................................................................................................................ 22
3.2.3 Legal Feasibility: ...................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.4 Operational feasibility............................................................................................................... 23
3.2.5 Schedule feasibility ................................................................................................................... 23
3.2.6 Social Feasibility ...................................................................................................................... 23
3.2.7 Purpose of Feasibility report: .................................................................................................... 24

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3.3 Document structure ......................................................................................................................... 24
3.4 Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Task 4 ................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 25
4.2 Fact finding techniques ................................................................................................................... 25
4.3 Fact-Finding techniques .................................................................................................................. 26
4.3.1 Questionnaires: ......................................................................................................................... 26
4.3.2 Investigation of document ......................................................................................................... 26
4.3.3 Observations ............................................................................................................................. 27
4.3.4 Focus Group: ............................................................................................................................ 27
4.3.5 Research & Site Visits .............................................................................................................. 28
4.4 Feasibility criteria on a system investigation of Falcon College ....................................................... 28
4.4.1 Technical Feasibility ................................................................................................................. 28
4.4.2 Economical feasibility .............................................................................................................. 28
4.4.3 Timescales ................................................................................................................................ 29
4.4.4 Social Feasibility: ..................................................................................................................... 29
4.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Task 5 ................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.1) Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 30
5.2) Existing system Investigation ......................................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 Current system .......................................................................................................................... 30
5.2.2) Limitations of the current system ............................................................................................. 30
5.3) Investigation of the new system and its design ............................................................................... 31
5.4 Stakeholders .................................................................................................................................... 31
5.5) Stakeholder requirements identification ......................................................................................... 31
5.6 Constraints: ..................................................................................................................................... 32
5.7 Legacy systems: .............................................................................................................................. 33

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5.8 Hardware platforms:........................................................................................................................ 33
5.9 Upgrading computer systems: ......................................................................................................... 33
5.10 Designing new system ................................................................................................................... 34
5.11 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 34
Task 6 ................................................................................................................................................... 35
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 35
6.2 Context Diagram ............................................................................................................................. 35
6.3 Use Case Diagram ........................................................................................................................... 36
6.4 DFD ................................................................................................................................................ 37
6.5) ER diagram .................................................................................................................................... 39
6.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Task 7 ................................................................................................................................................... 41
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 41
7.2) Purpose (Background Information) ................................................................................................ 41
7.3) Scope of work ................................................................................................................................ 42
7.4 Data collection process .................................................................................................................... 42
7.5 Summary......................................................................................................................................... 43
7.6 Recommendation ............................................................................................................................ 43
7.8 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 44
Reference .............................................................................................................................................. 45

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Task 1:
Evaluate different systems lifecycle models [1.1, M1]
Consider: SDLC models: Waterfall, Spiral, Prototyping, RAD, Agile and DSDM models.
In order to achieve M1, your writing need to demonstrate that an effective approach to study and research
has been applied when evaluating different systems lifecycle models.
Introduction
As technology has been common and have been playing a great role in our daily work making our work
easier and comfortable. Everyday different technology has been invented by the help of technology we are
able to perform any tasks. Similarly, Falcon College also wants to make their work easier and help their
students in order to perform their task by developing technologies. As the falcon college has traditional
information system software that manages the academic records of students and faculty members but now
the college is facing various issues while maintaining and updating the academic needs online. So, the
college has design and develop a simple and intuitive system called an Academic Portal in order to improve
or mitigate those issues.
1.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC):
The framework improvement life cycle is the applied model utilized as a part of the venture administration
that depicts the stages required in a data framework advancement extend. There are a wide range of SDLC
models and procedures that comprise of a progression of characterized steps or stages. Framework
advancement life cycle (SDLC) prepare applies to guarantee that all the utilitarian and client prerequisites
and organization techniques objectives and destinations are met (Rouse, 2009). All framework
advancement ventures take after basically a similar crucial process called the framework improvement life
cycle (SDLC). The SDLC begins with an arranging stage in which the venture group identifies the business
estimation of the framework, leads a possibility examination, and arrangements the venture. The second
stage is the examination stage, in which the group builds up an investigation procedure, assembles data,
and fabricates an arrangement of examination models. In the following stage, the outline stage, the group
builds up the plan system, the physical outline, engineering plan, interface plan, database and file
specifications, and program plan. In the final stage, usage, the framework is assembled, introduced, and
looked after (Wixom, 2005). SDLC helps in applying hazard administration prepare so that framework
improvement empowers associations to adjust prerequisites for the insurance of office data and resources

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with the cost of security controls and moderation techniques. A portion of the procedure of System
Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is:
Fig: Stages of System Development Life Cycle (SDLC):
Planning:
In this stage, associations build up requirements for framework and archives. Start stage distinguish
security arranging with the key security part for the improvement of framework. The data that will be
handled, transmitted or put away is assessed for security necessities and all partners have a typical
comprehension towards security contemplations and data is recognized also.
Defining requirements:
After completion of the analysis of the requirements then they are documented and by business analyst
they are approved. In Software Requirement Specification, the requirement is documented.
Systems Design:
System design determine the functional need for the purposed system and prepare the module of
requirement that are collected through analysis. Objectives are included clearly within module that
helps to develop the operational system.
Development of product:
Through the proper design in previous phase, it includes the real code for the purposed system.
Different programmer, network engineer and/or database developer are included to develop the

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coding on the project. While coding flowchart is used in order to confirm that the process of the
system is properly organized.
Testing
After execution of the system, bringing every one of the parts and subsystems together and making the
entire incorporated system for testing is a due obligation of a developer. Testing the elements of the system
giving input and breaking down the output guarantee the fulfillment to the client or an association. Testing
can be performed by genuine users or by a group of specific faculty. The whole testing process is basically
divided into unit testing, assembly testing and system testing in three phases. The fundamental techniques
for testing are white box test and discovery test.
Deployment: Once the product is tested and ready to deployed, it is released formally in the market.
Sometimes the product deployment happens in stages as per the business strategy of that organization. At
first the business firm may release the limited segment of the product to test the product in the real business
environment. Then based on the feedback, the product may be released as it is or with suggested
enhancements in the targeting market segment.
1.3 SDLC models
Following SDLC models can be taken into account while developing a software or an application.
1.3.1 Waterfall model:
In 1970, Winston W. Royce introduced the waterfall model with defining it as linear Sequential lifecycle
model. Where waterfall model follow the sequential order. To move on next phases of development of
system, the previous phase must be complete. Through comprehensive requirement of small project, it is
very helpful in order to complete the project. Once we complete the phase we cannot revert back to modify
the problem. For the modification, we must develop the new system with additional concept of existing
system. Testing phase is placed in downward due to its supportive behavior for the waterfall model.

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(Source: airbrake.io)
The sequential phases in the model is discussed briefly below:
1. Requirement analysis: In this phase all the possible requirements of the software to be developed
is collected and documented in a requirement specification doc.
2. System Design: In this phase we create the design according to the client’s requirements. And the
system requirement is divided into hardware and software systems and overall system architecture
is constructed
3. Implementation: In this phase, the designed systems is developed into small modules. Here the
actual programming code is written to create a program that performs specific operations. Such as
table in database are created.
4. Integration and Testing: In this phase the developed software is tested to check whether the
software is meeting the requirements it was developed for and also to detect any loopholes or flaws.
Such as component testing, system testing, unit testing etc. are done on this phase.
5. Deployment: After the completion of testing then the software is released to the customer or the
market.
6. Maintenance: There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues,
maintenance is done. Also, to enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance
is done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.
Advantages of Waterfall model
− If clear requirement found on small project, it develops that project gently.
− Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model. Each phase has specific deliverables and a review
process.

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− Waterfall model is extremely valuable in growing little software
− Phases are completed in sequential manner in order to develop the project which can create less chance
to rework
Disadvantages of waterfall model are given below:
− Possibility of high risk due to non-reliable requirements.
− This model is not good and helpful for greater and complex projects.
− This model is terrible if the customer is IT-uneducated.
− Adjusting scope during the life cycle can end a project.
There are some criteria while using waterfall model and some of them are given below:
• If requirement fulfil the demand of customers and project is small.
• Projects with low budget.
• If the requirement of project are not changes time to time (Naveen, 2017).
1.3.2Spiral Model
This Spiral model is a combination of iterative development process model and sequential linear
development model i.e. the waterfall model with a very high emphasis on risk analysis (Tutorialspoint,
2017). The winding model was initially proposed by Boehm which is spoken to as a grouping of exercises
with backtracking starting with one movement then onto the next. In winding model, each circle speaks to
a period of the product procedure. Winding model is a transformative programming process display that
couples the iterative way of prototyping with the controlled and orderly parts of the direct consecutive model
that gives the possibility to fast improvement of incremental variants of the product.

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Fig: Phases of spiral model
Phases of spiral model
Identification
In this phase requirements are gathered in the standard spiral. This phase also includes understanding the
system requirements by continuous communication between the customer and the system analyst. At the
end of the spiral, the product is deployed in the identified market (Tutorialspoint, 2017).
Design
In this phase the conceptual plan is made and includes structural outline, coherent plan of modules,
physical item plan and the last outline in the spirals.
Construct or built
In this phase actual software is produced at every spiral. In the spiral, when the product is thought of and
the outline is being created in this stage to get clients feedback.
Evaluation and Risk Analysis
In this phase risk is analyzed by distinguishing, evaluating and checking the specialized feasibility and
administration risks such as plan slippage and cost overwhelm. Subsequent to testing the work, toward the
finish of first cycle, the client assesses the product and gives criticism.
Advantages of spiral model
• Requirement is gathered properly and through customer evaluation, spiral model provide suitable
feedback and documentation control.
• Reverse is possible in order to modify and can added Functionality at a later date.
• It recommends to produced early software in the software life cycle.
• User can be closed to all life-cycle steps.
• User receives early and frequent feedback.
Disadvantages of spiral model
• Highly specific expertise is required for risk analysis.
• Can be a costly model to use.
• Developers must be reassigned during non-development phase activities.
• Analysis of risks may take high expertise.

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Strength of Spiral Model:
➢ Users see the system early because of rapid prototyping tools.
➢ Used when risks are high and requirement are not well understood.
➢ Serves as a realistic model for large-scale software development
Weakness of Spiral model:
➢ Time spent for evaluating risks too large for small or low-risk projects.
➢ Time spent planning, resetting objectives, doing risk analysis and prototyping may be excessive.
➢ Developers must be reassigned during non-development phase activities (wordpress, 2013)
1.3.3 Prototype model
The Prototyping Model is a Systems Development Methodology (SDM) within which a paradigm output
(or an early approximation of a final system or product) is constructed, tested, and then reworked. It is
done till an appropriate paradigm is achieved to help develop the entire system or product (Economictimes,
2013). This model alludes building a system software which looks like the functionality of a similar system
software which is under development. Prototyping has turned out to be extremely prevalent since it
empowers customers to feel and comprehend the system under development.
Fig: Phases of Prototyping Model

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Phases of Prototyping Model which are given below:
Initial requirements: The requirement is collected from the customers, number of users or aspects of the
existing system. It can be possible through the interacting with users or various interview with them. The
new requirement collected are defined in much detail that could help on development process.
Design: Design is created quickly according to the demand of customers. All the requirement helps to
prepare the module which is importance to create for the new system,
Develop initial prototype: The initial prototype is developing where coding is done quickly. The
implementation and coding is certain. The initial prototype has UI screens.
Review the prototype: Some amount of coding is done in previous phase helps to find the error on system.
The user evaluation is done to the system after coding. Where each are, every information checked one by
one until the error problem is not found. Through end users and SME’s work, the insufficient requirement
and error is found that provide feedback to the developers then modification is done in order to improve
the system.
Revise and enhance the prototype: The demand of customer may change time to time. Even while the
change of scope is changed based on feedback from end users, the developer involved to do modification
on prototype. The prototype is improved and enhanced to accommodate user feedback. This helps to
provide the sufficient system to the customers.
Development: After modification, the real code is written in development phase. This code give the real
work. The performance will be high through development because of the less error and clear modification
on prototype.
Advantages of Prototype model
• The requirement and specification can be improved properly that can reduce the time and cost of
the system.
• Developer may receive flexible while implementing and coding.
• Errors can be well traced and can be handled well.
• All the missing functionality can be identified easily

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Disadvantages of prototype model
• At first it promotes the implementation and then in the second step, correcting the system.
• Practically, this methodology will increase the complexity of the system.
• Risk of insufficient requirement analysis on prototype.
• User may be confused in prototypes and actual system.
When to use prototyping model
• If the demanded software need to have a lot of iteration with the end users.
• When users are supposed to fill forms and pass through different steps.
• It is superb for designing great human PC interface.
1.3.4 RAD (Rapid Application Development)
Rapid application development (RAD) is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning
in favour of rapid prototyping. RAD model is an incremental SDLC model which focuses on short
development cycle time (Tilloo, n.d.). RAD is similar to the waterfall model and incremental model. The
development of software is specified which must be completed in time frame. Due to rapid development
of software, some demerits may found in every step. It follows the iterative process which may take long.
RAD process enables a development team to create a fully functional system i.e. software product within
a very short time period may be in days. The RAD display is a direct consecutive software development
model that emphasizes a short improvement cycle
Source: blogspot.com

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The RAD model includes following phases:
1. Business modeling: The business model for the product under development is designed in terms
of flow of information and the distribution of information between various business channels. In
order to find the vital information for the business, a complete business analysis is performed.
2. Data modeling: The information that are collected from the business modeling are reviewed and
analysed to form the set of data objects vitals for the business.
3. Process modeling: The data object sets defined in the Data Modeling phase are converted to
establish the business information flow needed to achieve specific business objectives as per the
business model. In this phase process descriptions for adding, deleting, retrieving or modifying a
data object are given.
4. Application generation: In order to convert process models into code and the actual system,
automation tools is used.
5. Testing and turnover: During every iteration, the prototypes are independently tested. The data
flow and the interfaces between all the components need to be thoroughly tested with complete test
coverage.
Advantages of the RAD model
- Quick process of software development and delivery.
- Due to proper analysis of requirement testing activities is reduced into small time.
- Visualization of progress.
- Progress can be measured.
- Abbreviate development time.
Disadvantages of the RAD model
• To analyze, maintenance and implementation high skilled resources are needed.
• Total depend on client’s feedback while developing software.
• Automated code generation is very costly.
• Managing of whole activities is very difficult

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Favourable condition for RAD model
RAD model is used when we have to create a system that has to be modularized in 2-3 months of time. If
the budget is high enough to afford the designer along with the cost of automated code generating tools then
this methodology can be used. And also, if resources with high business knowledge are available and there
is a need to produce the system in a short span of time then we can choose this model
1.3.5 Agile model
In 2001, the Agile model was introduced as Agile manifesto by Jeff Sutherland, Ken Schwaber, and
Alistair Cockburn. Agile model is the combination of iterative and incremental model. In this
methodology, various iteration process is taken. Where existing project is tailored to best suit the project
requirement. it has dynamic nature and easy to performed. Agile Model mostly recommended to making
critical and risk-based software (Software Testing Books, 2017). It is a combination of incremental model,
which is used in software development life cycle.
Fig; Phases of agile model (jessicabass89.wordpress.com, 2013).
The Agile model includes following phases:
Individuals and interactions: In agile model, the interactions like co-location and pair programming are
important. It will help to identify the customer’s desire in depth.
Working software: In order to understand the requirements of the customers, a demo working software
is the best means of communication, instead of documentation dependence.
Collaboration with customer: Regular interaction is very important to have exact product requirements
because it helps to understand the customer desire for a system to be made.

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Responding to change: Agile system is very flexible and can be changes depending on customer’s quick
response
Advantages of Agile model
➢ In this model, adaptive team work frequently that has special function on the changing requirement.
➢ There is no need of investing time and effort because team are the main source to find solution of
problem in the software and able to deliver the product in time where the requirement of the
customer has changed.
➢ Advances cooperation and cross training.
➢ It is practical in software advancement.
➢ Functionality can be created and shown rapidly.
Disadvantages of Agile model
➢ While delivering the large software, it is difficult to measure the effort required at the beginning
of the software development.
➢ Harder for new Starters to Integrate in the Team
➢ There is more importance on necessary designing and documentation.
➢ Problem may create when the requirement of customer is not clear, it may produce unfavorable
final outcome
Agile model is appropriate for:
➢ Within low cost new changes is needed to be implemented through incrementation.
➢ Time and effort are needed by the developers while adding new features.
➢ Planning with customer evaluation is required to get feedback for dynamic change of requirements.
1.3.6 DSDM (Dynamic System Development Method)
The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an agile project delivery framework, primarily
used as a software development method (Dsdmofagilemethodology.wikidot, 2011). DSDM model is the
structure of controls for the improvement of PC based frameworks which is autonomous of a specific
apparatuses and procedures. It can be connected to Information System Development ventures of any size
with short due dates. DSDM fixes cost, quality and time at the start and uses the Moscow prioritization of
extension into must, ought to, could and won't need to alter the venture deliverable to meet the expressed
time limitation. DSDM model is one of various dexterous techniques for creating programming and non-
IT arrangements and structures a piece of the Agile Alli.

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Source: codeproject.com
Advantages of DSDM model
✓ There is punctuality behavior while delivering the project within time.
✓ Time to time rechecked is done and delivered the functionality of project.
✓ DSDM ensures rapid deliveries.
✓ It is much easier for a project manager to be accurate in estimating project cost.
Disadvantages of DSDM model
✓ It might not be suitable for small organizations or one-time projects.
✓ It is a relatively new model. So that it is difficult to understand.
✓ Emphasis on RAD may result to decline in code robustness
1.4 Conclusion:
Here I have evaluated different life cycle model. The different life cycle models are demonstrated in above
content with full of evaluation as expected by the question. where I get information about all the models
which I have described sequentially. And through the comparison among models, I will choose the
waterfall model because it is the simplest and comprehensive model. Steps details about the information
contained in waterfall models are systematic and operated by high technician.

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Task 2
Discuss the importance of following procedural/staged lifecycle in a system investigation. [1.2, M2]
Consider: Your writing needs to discuss the importance of following procedural/staged lifecycle which
must include the following: (Planning, feasibility study, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing and
Review, Deployment, Maintenance).
In order to achieve M2, your writing need to demonstrate that a range of information have been used
when discussing the importance of following a procedural/staged lifecycle in system investigation.
2.1 Introduction
The Software Development Lifecycle is a systematic process for building software that ensures the quality
and correctness of the software built. Its process aims to produce high-quality software which meets
customer expectations. The software development should be complete in the pre-defined time frame and
cost. It is a process that produces software with the highest quality and lowest cost in the shortest time. It
includes a detailed plan for how to develop, alter, maintain, and replace a software system. It involves
several distinct stages, including planning, design, building, testing, and deployment. Popular SDLC
models include the waterfall model, spiral model, and Agile model. In this task I am going to discuss about
the importance of those phases of the system development lifecycle including Planning, feasibility study,
Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing and Review, Deployment, Maintenance.
2.2) Importance of System Investigation
Nowadays, systems are so big and complex that teams of architects, analysts, programmers, testers and
users must work together to create the millions of lines of custom-written code that drive our enterprises.
To manage this, a number of system development life cycle (SDLC) models have been created: waterfall,
fountain, spiral, build and fix, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize
(computerworld.com, 2007). SDLC results in a high-quality system that meets or exceeds customer
expectation, so it is also important in the selection of an information. System Investigation is important
because it helps to find out what the system is being built to do and whether the system is feasible or not
and also provides a stable source for the design of the new system.

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2.3 Stages of system development life cycle
There are different phases of SDLC. The importance of each phase of the model has been discussed below.
2.3.1 Planning
Before starting any project, the first step is the planning stage. As project is going to be started by own
planning is the process of deciding what the new information system must look like and the resource
should be identified in order to develop it. This is a preliminary plan (or a feasibility study) for a company’s
business initiative to acquire the resources to build on an infrastructure to modify or improve a service.
The company might be trying to meet or exceed expectations for their employees, customers and
stakeholders too. The purpose of this step is to find out the scope of the problem and determine solutions.
Resources, costs, time, benefits and other items should be considered at this stage.
2.3.2 Questionnaires:
A questionnaire is an instrument that is comprised of a set of questions to be asked to the participants of
the survey (Sincero and Sincero, 2017). This method is used in order to collect the information from
number of people. The Questionnaire consists of series of questions framed together in logical manner.
The questions are simple, clear and to the point. The stakeholder will be given the questionnaire which
will contains moderate amount of questions that is related to the current system in the respective place.
The research done by using questionnaires is an inexpensive method which is very useful to collect
information where literacy rates are high and respondents are cooperative.

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2.3.3 Implementation
In this stage, project manager as well as analyst evaluate the design which is beneficial for implementation
and coding phase. The instruction follow by implementation and coding are related to the design. Where
design demonstrate the requirement that was guided by analyze phase. According to the instruction of
design, team worker and developer translate the code or the program into machine readable program.
The process of producing actual products by project team is dedicated as implementation. Developer
gathered in one place and try to solve the problem according to the specification of system requirements.
Product implementation can be an exciting phase for the customer, because the idea is valid for
requirement guidance. Project developers begin building and coding the software. Project team work on
finding the result that can be appreciable. Sometimes default may found during building process such can
be rigid through solution research. New idea can be possible. Product implementation is important for
customer because the new idea is tangible. design create path on producing new product by coding.
Example: if customer wants any function type of product then developer must program that can meet the
customer requirement. Project team combine and able to product the code where they follow the specific
coding requirement. And that produce actual product must have function of task performance (Noel
Ransom, 2016).
2.3.4 Testing:
Testing is the way toward guaranteeing that the framework meets the prerequisites that were distinguished
in the examination and kill any blunders introduce in the framework. Testing should be attempted by both
the programming group and by the end clients so that a program can never show the accuracy of the
framework and it can just uncover the presence of mistakes. Testing by the programming group is
persisting as the framework is produced yet it is still vital to embrace tests toward the end after the
programming group trust that the framework is done. Testing by the end-clients is either beta-testing or
acknowledgment testing (Bronzite, 2000).
2.3.5 Review:
Survey (assessment) is a basic examination of a framework after it has been in operation for a timeframe.
The motivation behind an assessment is to survey the achievement of a framework that will evaluate the
appropriateness, adequacy, convenience and keep up capacity of the framework. The assessment will
happen after another framework has been in operation that permits clients and specialized staff to figure
out how to utilize the framework and utilize better approaches for working and see new methodology
required. It permits administration an opportunity to assess the value of the reports and on-line inquiries

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that they can make and experience a few periods when different routine reports will have been delivered
(Airbrake, 2013).
2.3.6 Record View
Record view is the method of collecting information related to the system which is published in the sources
such as newspapers, magazines, journals, documents etc. From such sources the analyst can get the
valuable information that is related to the system and the organization
(systemanalysisanddesign.blogspot.com/2008).
2.4 Conclusion
Procedural/staged life cycle is important for System investigation. As each phase is equally important and
each phase of the lifecycle are related to each other. In this task I have to discuss of procedural that includes
planning, feasibility study, analysis, design, implementation, testing and review, deployment and
maintenance.
Task 3
Discuss the components of a feasibility report. [2.1]
Consider: while discussed consider-Introduction, Purpose; Document Structure; Intended Audience;
Feasibility Criteria and Outcomes (Possible Solution, Evaluation Criteria, Feasible Solutions and
Conclusion)
3.1 Introduction
A feasibility study is an analysis used in measuring the ability and likelihood to complete a project
successfully including all relevant factors. It must account for factors that affect it such as economic,
technological, legal and scheduling factors. Feasibility study is one of the important phases in the initiation
of the project which can be used in many ways but primarily focus on proposed business ventures.
Feasibility studies allow companies to determine and organize all of the necessary details to make a work
business work. (Simplilearn.com, 2012).
3.2 Benefits of Feasibility study
Feasibility is defined as the practical extent to which a project can be performed successfully. To evaluate
feasibility, a feasibility study is performed, which determines whether the solution considered to
accomplish the requirements is practical and workable in the software. Feasibility study helps to define
and understand a problem in detail.

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• It gives the project teams more focus and provides an alternative outline.
• Identifies a valid reason to undertake the project
• Provides valuable information for a “go/no-go” decision
• Narrows the business alternatives
• Helps in creating a New Product or Service
• It ensures that the chosen solution bring more benefits and outweighs the projected costs.
• Feasibility Study facilitates communication between developers and stakeholders of the
organizations (DIANE, 1996).
There are different feasibility criteria which should be considered while conducting the feasibility study.
They are: -
3.2.1Technical feasibility
Technical feasibility assesses the current resources (such as hardware and software) and technology, which
are required to accomplish user requirements in the software within the allocated time and budget. For
this, the software development team ascertains whether the current resources and technology can be
upgraded or added in the software to accomplish specified user requirements. This feasibility criteria
includes study of current resources and technology can be upgraded or added in the software to accomplish
specified user requirements (ecomputernotes.com). Technical feasibility also involves evaluation of the
hardware, software, and other technology requirements of the proposed system.
3.2.2 Economic Feasibility
Economic feasibility could also be referred to as cost/benefit analysis of the project. This assessment helps
the Falcon College to determine the viability, cost and benefits associated with a project before financial
resources are allocated. It also determines whether the required software is capable of generating financial
gains for an organization. It also serves as an independent project assessment, and enhances project
credibility, as a result. It helps in identifying profit against investment expected from a project. Cost and
time are the most essential factors involved in this field of study. In this study question such as “Given the
financial resources of the company, is the project something that can be completed?” are kept in
consideration. The economic feasibility study is more commonly called the cost/benefit analysis.
3.2.3 Legal Feasibility:
Legitimate plausibility is a measure of how well an answer can be executed inside existing lawful and
legally binding commitments. Inside IT there is dependably a legitimate effect. Most importantly, there
are copyright confinements on each program created. Each framework incorporates obtained parts; one

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needs to ensure that the permit understandings are not disregarded. Essentially this implies having just
authorized duplicates (Bentley and Whitten, 2007). The main objectives of the legal feasibility analysis
are as follows.
• To ensure that the project is legally doable;
• To facilitate risk management, indicating the risks and obstacles that need to be addressed within
the technical analyses, the financial model and/or the Value for Money analysis; and
• To avoid, to the extent possible, major problems in the project’s development and implementation,
specifying the requirements that need to be considered at subsequent stages of the PPP process
3.2.4 Operational feasibility
Operational feasibility analyses and determine whether and how well the Falcon College needs can be met
by completing the project. This feasibility is dependent on human resources and involves visualizing
whether the software will operate after it is developed and be operative once it is installed. Operational
feasibility deals with how well a proposed system will solve the problems and how it satisfies the
requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of a project development. Operational
plausibility is the measure of how well a proposed framework takes care of the issue and exploits openings
recognizes amid the degree definition and issue investigation stage and how well it fulfills the framework
prerequisites distinguishes in the necessity examination stage.
3.2.5 Schedule feasibility
The process of accessing the degree to which the potential time frame and completion dates for all major
activities within a project meet organizational deadlines and constraints for affecting change
(wordpress.com, 2013). A feasibility study not only collects the entire requirement and estimates the cost,
but also calculate the total time for the completion of any project. Sometimes customer gives the timeline
of the completion of the project, that time all the development should be set according to the timelines.
Schedule feasibility study analyzes the project and estimates the time for the whole project. This phase
will help in many ways. For example: in the middle of the project if we realize that the project is not
moving in the speed we want, we can hire more people to increase the efforts and can complete the project
in time.
3.2.6 Social Feasibility
Social feasibility studies involve in judging the combability of social practices, beliefs and status affected
by the proposed project. This assessment explains whether the project will be beneficial for the society or

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not. It also determines what kind of impact the project will create in the society. Without considering social
feasibility any system plan could not move further.
➢ Assist to attract equity investment (Studymode, 2012).
3.2.7 Purpose of Feasibility report:
The reason for a practicality report is to investigate a business proposition to decide whether the venture
is suitable and, in the event, that it ought to be completed. Deciding whether a business is plausible
preceding building up it keeps a financial specialist from squandering cash and time on a fizzled business
wander.
Some concerns that are addressed through a feasibility report include:
➢ Will the business generate adequate cash flow?
➢ Will the business be able to encounter and withstand risks?
➢ Will the business meet the goals intended by the founders?
A plausibility report is directed in the thought phase of arranging a business. It is not to be mistaken for a
marketable strategy. A marketable strategy is just made after a plausibility study is directed and a choice
is made to push ahead with the business
3.3 Document structure
The feasibility study report should be well documented and should be in a well format. A well
document structure of a feasibility study report helps a lot to develop the solutions for project analysis
because it helps in linking project to budgeted costs. A well-organized feasibility study report contains all
the necessary information in a well-managed way as well as helps to maintain the standard of the feasibility
report. The document structure of the feasibility study includes Introduction, Feasibility investigation,
possible arrangement, Evaluation Criteria: Propose, Feasible arrangements, and Conclusion.
3.4 Conclusion:
In this task, I have discussed about the components of the feasibility report by considering the different
factors. So that it is very much important to prepare the feasibility report. A feasibility report can assist
business entrepreneurs in finding the most ideal approach to execute his/her business thought, and can
likewise help them discover start-up financing and provides quality information which is beneficial for
decision making and also provides documentation that the business venture was thoroughly investigated.

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Task 4
Assess the impact of different feasibility criteria on a system investigation based on above scenario. [2.2,
M3]
Consider: Fact- finding techniques (Interviews, Observation, Investigation of documentation,
Questionnaires, Focus Groups) and Feasibility criteria (Legal, social, Economic, Technical, Timescales;
Organizational constraints).
To claim M3, your response needs to demonstrate that you have used an appropriate structure and
approach while assessing the impact of different feasibility criteria on system investigation.
4.1 Introduction
Feasibility study is an analysis and evaluation of the system requirement if it is technically feasible,
estimated within a cost and will profit or not. The operation of the software will be success if the feasibility
study is correct. The feasibility impact on cost benefits for the business. all the profit of business and
stability goes to feasibility study. Falcon College is a recognized international college which is located at
the mid of the Kathmandu Valley and the aims of this college is to provide the quality education to the
student of Nepal coming from the major cities like Pokhara, Biratnagar, Birgunj, Itahari, Chitwan and
other districts of Nepal. Falcon College has traditional information system software. While maintaining
and updating the academic needs online, the college is facing various problems with the existing system
to to overcome the problems that current system is facing. the college wants to develop a new system that
will help to compensate the lack of services and features in the current system. So, in this task I am going
to Assess the impact of different feasibility criteria on a system investigation
4.2 Fact finding techniques
Fact Finding is the formal process of using research, interviews, questionnaires, and other techniques to
collect information about systems, requirements, and preferences. It is also called information gathering
or data collection. It helps to define and understand a problem in detail. By conducting a proper feasibility
study, the target audience can be clearly identified along with their purchasing power
(Blog.method123.com, 2010). Various kinds of techniques are used in fact finding techniques and the most
popular among them are interviews, questionnaires, record reviews, case tools and also the personal
observations made by the analyst himself (freetutes.com, n.d). Feasibility study enhances the success rate
by evaluating the multiple parameters. Feasibility Study facilitates communication between developers
and stakeholders of the organizations (DIANE, 1996). This would enable the developers to better
understand the problem and create better solution for it. Therefore, Feasibility study is important in the

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Falcon College. As it helps to determine the requirement of system software to be developed considering
the latest requirements. The information obtained following this technique is very reliable and important
for the future development process as well.
4.3 Fact-Finding techniques
There are various methods for fact-finding technique some of them are mention below:
4.3.1 Questionnaires:
The complete investigation of requirement is success through questionnaires. Where question will ask
about the organization requirement. Where Falcon College demand of intuitive system that could help
electronic class management and provide for electronic grand. On focusing on this requirement, the
question must be raised on the basis of department activities of college. The answer should be appropriate
for the system. Where all the details can be asking to know about their activities. what should be done can
control whole processing activities of whole department people. The important question is how detail can
be updated and managed? This question can have gathered the solution for the college. And consultant
discuss about the management and they may choose database. And may planned with appropriate answer
gained from each student with examination.
Some most attractive question should be asked for feasibility study are given below:
• What kind of system does all departments and students required for their comfortable on learning
and teaching process?
• Why the users are not sufficient from existing system like traditional information system?
• What must be done for the system where they could get sufficient environment to extend the
knowledge during competition?
• If any group sub-division policy is maintaining, student can get easy access for knowledge gaining
or not?
4.3.2 Investigation of document
Investigation of the document is document checking or document analysis which is used to elicit
requirements by analysing existing documentation and identifying information relevant to the
requirements. These documents are used to identify the part of organization associated with the problem
and also helps to understand the current system.

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4.3.3 Observations
Unlike the other methods that are involved in the fact-finding technique, here the observer him/herself
visits the spot and observes and understand flow of the documents, working of the existing system and the
users of the system etc. According to Umut Yigtoglu (November, 4, 2010). Observation technique is used
to observe the business, current system and also to note down requirement and facts that has not mentioned
in the interviews. The main goal of an observer is to find out what is actually happening the organization
not only to know the thoughts of the employees or staffs of the organization.
As falcon college still uses traditional information system software to manage the academic records of the
members of the college. The academic records have to be input manually and must be transferred from
one computer to another by portable devices at the time of need. Students have to go to the college in order
to submit the assignments and the assignment department has to input the data to the computer and the
grading method is also the traditional one. With the help of portable devices or in the form of notes, lectures
have to share the notes to the students. The interaction between the students and lecturers are within the
college only. From all these activities performed in the Falcon College, I came to the conclusion that the
traditional system software is creating lots of problem to the college management and this system must be
change into the new one.
4.3.4 Focus Group:
A focus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their
perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or
packaging. Basically, focus group is Meetings held with groups of people with something in common
✓ Area managers
✓ Technical support technicians
✓ Women(Haley,2012)
Advantages of Focus Group:
Find out a lot about a certain area of the enterprise in terms of their part in the procedures and
operations

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4.3.5 Research & Site Visits
A Fact-Finding Technique is to thoroughly research the application and problem.
− Read Computer Journals, Reference books
− Internet
− White Papers
− Case-Studies
4.4 Feasibility criteria on a system investigation of Falcon College
Feasibility study is an analysis and evaluation of a proposed project to determine whether it is
technically feasible or not, if it is feasible with the estimated cost or not and if it will be profitable or not
etc. The result of the feasibility analysis of the system of Falcon College will have a great impact not only
on operational characteristics of the system of the college but also on production and maintenance
requirements as well (Blanchard, 2004). Before investing a considerable amount of time and money into
a project, feasibility studies are used to determine the potential positive and negative outcomes of the
project. We should consider the following feasibility criteria while investigating the system:
4.4.1 Technical Feasibility
Technical feasibility synchronizes whether the requirement of system is technically feasible or not.
Because the system mostly fails due to the unreliable product produce by the company. As traditional
information system is failed due to the unreliable product produce by the Falcon college. The technology
is the base part of educational development. The function of project must be appropriate. Through deep
research about the problem technical investigation provides most appropriate technical solution to the
problem. Strict monitoring should be undertaken if technical development is outsourced. The
Entrepreneur’s Guide to Customer Development emphasizes the importance of getting a Minimum Viable
Product (MVP) to market – that is a product with the fewest number of features that users are willing to
pay for either with money or with feedback (Donncha Hughes, 2010).
4.4.2 Economical feasibility
A very important step of a feasibility report includes the economical factor which discusses the economic
and monetary aspects of a business project. Here the economic status of the business organization is
analyzed and recommended the possible solution to uplift the economic standard of a company. Economic
profitability is the main factor that any business organization refers to and this component of the feasibility
report helps to consider all the drawback with the correction opportunity to profit the organization more
efficiently.

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Here all the financial condition is studied if it could financially develop the new system software or not.
Moreover, the system software is meant to be maintain and upgrade time and again according to its
requirement following the new technical terms which also costs a lot. Apart from the expense the system
software should also help in the profit growth for the college.
4.4.3 Timescales
Development of system within fixed time is most important. In some situation, it may not be possible. If
project is long with need of long time for testing, may took long time. During this situation, some extra
additional policy can be added. We can say system need some changes at the time development. Time of
development process can be extended if necessary, by asking to the company member or clients of an
organization. Next method may be referring to shortened of requirements. Analysis process keep all the
necessary data as well as un-necessary information which is summarized by team work by acceptance of
group. through all these process time can be managed in system development.
4.4.4 Social Feasibility:
Social attainability concerns a getting to the data that picks up a comprehension of how key partners inside
the foundation see the proposed arrangement of the College. That proposed specific framework may
influence the appropriation of data inside the association, accordingly creating framework can have social
consequence. For a school, social achievability are impacts identified with the understudies, how helpful
will be the framework for the understudies i.e. can framework give them distinctive learning about school
related data inside due date through email and SMSs. Social possibility manages in what capacity would it
be a good idea for us to think about clearing prescriptive for social changes and what limitations doe social
reality force upon the reformer? (Whitten, 2007).
4.5 Conclusion
In this task I have discussed about the impact of different feasibility criteria on a system
investigation based on the above scenario. I have also discussed about the fact-finding techniques, if the
system analyst knows about this technique then, they can easily collect the required information to develop
the current system. In this task all the impact of feasibility criteria on the falcon college has been discussed.

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Task 5
Undertake a systems investigation based on above scenario to meet a business need. [3.1]
Consider: you are required to consider the followings: Identify requirements: stakeholders; requirements
identification; requirements specification (eg scope, inputs, outputs, processes and process descriptors;
consideration of alternate solutions; quality assurance);
Constraints (costs, organizational policies, legacy systems, hardware Platforms) and Investigation
(upgrading computer systems, designing new systems)
5.1) Introduction
System Investigation is the process of finding out what the system is being built to do and if the system is
feasible. During the investigations the current system has been analysed and the actual problems of current
system with needs and wants of an organization has been consider. As have been hired as a system analyst
to analyse and investigate the colleges working environment and system. So, in this task I will investigated
and carry proper solution to any issues.
5.2) Existing system Investigation
The Falcon College has traditional Information System software which manages the academic records
of the students as well as faculty members, but while maintaining and updating the academic needs online
the college is facing various issues due to the current system. By this software, all the day to day operation
of the college is done.
5.2.1 Current system
The current system of Falcon college is a traditional information management system which not only
manages the academic records of the students but also the records of staffs. Falcon College is being more
popular of its quality service and education system, so the students and staff’s members are also rapidly
growing. And the current traditional system software is not able to perform as it has to according the
collages requirement. The college is facing a ‘serious difficulty in managing the records of students and
staff members.
5.2.2) Limitations of the current system
• The academic record ought to be input manually.
• The information of one PC can’t be shared to another in case of emergency.
• There is no place for the communication amongst students and teachers apart from college.

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5.3) Investigation of the new system and its design
As the Falcon College is still using traditional information system so they are facing a lot of problem while
managing the academic records of the students as well as records of staffs too. While maintaining and
updating the records the college is facing a great problem. Each department member records the academic
data and employee’s data manually in the computer. The records can’t be accessed online at the time of
need. In order to find any data, we have to go through all the previous records which is very time
consuming and which is also one of the problems of the current system. As various problem is being faced
because of tradition information system the college have decide to design and develop new system known
as “Academic Portal System”. It is a software which helps to facilitate electronic classroom management
and provide for electronic grading, assignment submission, discussion and other learning tools to cater the
academic needs.
5.4 Stakeholders
A stakeholder is a party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be affected by the
business. There are many stakeholders in the college. That can be administrators, staffs, members, users,
students, public, society, media etc. the organization run through the help of stakeholders. Where system
administrator is responsible to provide the best system with maintaining academic portal. even they
contribute the courses to the users as they required. Owner/owners of the college, Teaching staffs, Student,
Accounts Staffs are the Internal stakeholders where as Parents, Government agencies, study materials
Suppliers, media are the external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are the gathering of people who
operates particularly inside the organization such as representatives, owners, and investors whereas
External stakeholders are the gathering of people who don’t operate inside the organization but care about
organizational activities and affected by its performance.
5.5) Stakeholder requirements identification
Administrators
As we all know that administrator is the head of the project. Being the head of the project, he is responsible
for carrying out all the administrative tasks. They are the one who is responsible for installing, maintaining
and troubleshooting workstations. They also modify the system configuration and make appropriate updates
at the time of need. They need login panel in order to login to the system. They require a secure login to
system to access the file and maintain the system.

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Students
Students are internal stakeholder of the college and the system. They require a separate login to the system
so the separate user name and password should be provided to the students. The system should allow the
students to easily browse the information posted by the professors. The system must allow the students to
submit their assignment, project files and discussing concepts. It should allow the student to find out the
timetable as well as they must be able to ask question and view FAQs.
Professors
Other stakeholders of the college are the professors. They are one of the faculty members. They
also need separate login to the system with unique username and password as they need to upload
flies, links and many more. The should allow professors to grade the assignments and also to create
the new places for the discussion of the topic with the lecturers and cooperate with each other in
which there is a confusion
Staffs
Staffs are also the stakeholder of the college and the system. The system must permit every staff
to control his or her own information like the basic information, publications, grants details, etc.
The operation can be add, delete, and modifying the staff data.
5.6 Constraints:
Cost:
While investigating about the college the cost should be managed properly. If the investigation of cost is
done, the new system development can economic benefits. Systematic process always
Organizational policies:
This task has been created to bring all of the major policies and procedures that falcon college requires of
its officially recognized student clubs and organizations to one location. The group is formed according to
the department. All the policies and procedures of college that will include in this task must being informed
of, and also to follow. Organizational policies handle all the operation and activities of college. It is also
responsible thing to follow the policies and procedures that is managed by college.
saves the money that’s why analysis about the cost is the main part. System developed by investing a lot
of money may not function type if the proper investigation about the cost is cleared.

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Some policies and procedures are noted in below points:
• Event organized by college specially for students.
• Manual of sport club.
• Emerging Programs Grant Application Form
• Guidance of searching performer.
• Policy related to raise the fund from whole department.
• Group management of normal students for Website Guidelines
• Initialize a New Club or Organization
Student Organization Contract, registration form, Film Screening Form, Travel, Vehicle Rental Form
policies (Lycoming, 2017).
5.7 Legacy systems:
Legacy system is a constraint because it may be problematic due to compatibility issues, lack of security
support (Techopedia.com, 2015). Falcon College might be using the legacy system and they may not want
to change it in the new system. Therefore, the system designer has to use the legacy system as a constraint
in the new one as legacy system may create the problem due to its compatibility and security issues.
5.8 Hardware platforms:
Hardware platform include the investigation of college system based on physical components. The
requirements are related to electrical information system. student should get chance on chatting with
friends and sharing the data and information. For this internet modem, computers Wi-Fi cable are required.
data collected in copy or computer. for the comprehensive studies, available for the student’s projector
must be managed. Laptop are the normal things to saves the solution of issues in the system.
5.9 Upgrading computer systems:
Through the neglection of previous system which is related to traditional information system, the
upgradation of new computer system is required. which is focused on management of whole department.
Including activities and information of college, it also helps on internet processing. With
computer hardware, an upgrade is a term that describes adding new hardware in a computer that improves
its performance (computerhope.com, 2017). For example, with a hardware upgrade, you could replace
your hard drive with an SSD and get a huge boost in performance or upgrade the RAM, so the computer
runs more smoothly. Updating the hardware of the computer increases the performance which makes the
overall computer run faster and more smoothly. Upgrading software when new releases are available helps

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reduce the likelihood of bugs wrecking the user experience. If the RAM will upgraded then it helps to
increase the performance of the computer. Similarly, a graphics card upgrade may improve overall
performance. Likewise Upgrading to a faster hard drive with more storage capacity can also help in overall
performance of the system (Gilbert-Knight, 2012).
5.10 Designing new system
The design of the new system must include the electronic process that support for internet use too. Designing
the system has its own importance in the system development process. The Falcon College has traditional
system software that manages the academic records of the students as well as faculty members, and with the
existing system the college is facing various issues in maintaining and updating the academic needs online.
So, in order to improve and mitigate such issues or problems the college has decided to design and develop
a simple and intuitive system called an academic portal. The main aim of designing the new system is to
meet the requirements of the students as well as the faculty members who will be using it for their purpose.
The software will encourage electronic classrooms administration and accommodate electronic grading,
assignment submissions, blogs, share old papers and data, share data, upload assignments etc. The new
system provides new additional feature for the current development steps for the Falcon College.
5.11 Conclusion
System investigation is complete analysis method that covers all the details of system to be made. Analysis
of scope of system and their output knowledge. I have undertaken the system investigation, I have also
identified the different stakeholders related to the project, requirements, requirement specifications of all
the inputs, outputs and processing etc. and all the related topic based on the Phoenix college scenario in
order to meet the business need and the proposed system seems to be appropriate as the requirement of the
Falcon College. And this new system will have advance and improved features, which will help to make
the falcon College even greater performance wise.

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Task 6
Use appropriate systems analysis tools and techniques to carry out a systems investigation [3.2]
Consider: Context Diagram, Use Case Diagram for each Interface, DFD, ER diagram, and Process
representations.
6.1 Introduction
Systems analysis the process of observing systems for troubleshooting or development purposes.
It is applied to information technology, where computer-based systems require defined analysis according
to their makeup and design. A system analysis tool and technique that helps to carry out a well manage
system investigation are the design and diagrams. There are several types of designs and diagrams that are
very useful in investigation. Different system analysis tools and technique such as use case diagram,
context diagram, ER diagram and 0 and 1 level DFD will be use to demonstrate the system analysis of the
Falcon College.
6.2 Context Diagram
The Context Diagram shows the system under consideration as a single high-level process and then shows
the relationship that the system has with other external entities (systems, organizational groups, external
data stores, etc. (Ansty, 2016). Context Diagram is a specialized version of Data-Flow Diagram,
understanding a bit about Data-Flow Diagrams can be helpful. The context diagram is used to establish
the context and boundaries of the system to be modelled: which things are inside and outside of the system
being modelled, and what is the relationship of the system with these external entities. Context diagram is
also known as Context-level Data-Flow Diagram or a Level-0 Data Flow Diagram. A context diagram
shows the entire system as a single process. The data and information of Falcon College, interchanged
between the academic portal and other system of the college with the students, teachers and staffs etc. are
shown in the context diagram. A context diagram is a very efficient and meaningful tool used in system
analysis investigation by various organization including the Falcon College.

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Fig: Context diagram for Falcon College
6.3 Use Case Diagram
A use case is a methodology used in system analysis to identify, clarify, and organize system requirements.
In this context, the term "system" refers to something being developed or operated, such as a mail-order
product sales and service Web site (Techtaget.com, n.d). In simple words, use case diagram is a
representation of a user's interaction with the system that shows the relationship between the user and the
different use cases in which the user is involved. The use case should contain all system activities that
have significance to the users. A use case can be thought of as a collection of possible scenarios related to
a particular goal, indeed, the use case and goal are sometimes considered to be synonymous.
Use case diagram of falcon college

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6.4 DFD
A data flow diagram is defined as the illustration of how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs
and outputs (Smartdraw.com, 2016). DFD may be used as a communications tool between a systems
analyst and any person who plays a part in the system that acts as the starting point for redesigning a
system. It helps in expressing the system’s requirements in simple and understandable form and flow of
logical data. The major aim of DFD is to clarify the system requirements as well as to identify the major
transformations that will become programs in system design and decomposes the requirement
specifications down to the lowest level of details. It uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles and
arrows, plus short text labels, to show data inputs, outputs, storage points and the routes between each
destination (lucidchart.com, n.d). It focuses on the flow of information, where data comes from, where it
goes and how it gets stores.

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Create group of department and class
Assignment Upload
Message sending
Receive assignment
Users
Granting Assignment
Details about user
Detail of assignment
Assignment submission Assignment
Develop blog
Allow group discussion
Assignment submission
Get notification
Receive Message
Fig: DFD diagram for Falcon College
Academic
Portal
Lecturers and
Teachers

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6.5) ER diagram
ER-diagram stands on entity-relationship diagram which is also called an entity relationship model. ER-
diagram defined as a graphical representation of entities. Where ER-diagram show the relationships
between entities, typically used in computing in regard to the organization of data within databases or
information systems (Vangie Beal, 2016). An entity denotes a piece of data of an object. Entity gives all
the information about the concept of which and what type of data is stored in the diagram.
Entities are of different type according to their task performance. There are various entities as focusing on
college like: students, department, courses, professor, project and section. Where ER-diagram show the
relation between them.
Relationship between entities explain about the process of data sharing. There three types relationships
between entities and they are:
• One-to-one relationship: One instance of entity(A) is related to another instance of entity(B) with
having relationship description. For example: in a database of waiter, each waiter is associated with
one common dress.
• One-to-many relationship: One instance of entity(A) has relation with many instance of
entity(B). But all instance of entity(B) is associated to single entity(A). For example: one bank
with many staffs in one building but many staffs associated with single bank.
• Many-to-Many relationship: One instance of entity(A) is associated with one, zero or many
instances of another entity (B) at one time. Even one instance of entity(B) is associated with one,
zero or many instances of entity(A). For example: employees of company work on multiple
projects where each instance of an employee (A) is associated with many instances of a project
(B), and at the same time, each instance of a project (B) has multiple employees (A) associated
with it.

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Example of ER-diagram is shown below:
Fig: E-R diagram for Falcon College
(Source: http://nptel.ac.in)
6.6 Conclusion
System analysis tools and techniques plays a very vital role in the analytic investigation. System analysis
tools and technique are portable to find the relation between entities and their function Hence in this task
I have considered and explain all the best tool and technique that will help in an analytic investigation.
Furthermore, these tools and techniques can be efficiently used for the Falcon College further
development.

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Task 7
Create a documentation to support a systems Investigation and evaluate how user and systems
requirements have been addressed [3.3, 3.4]
Consider: You are required to consider the following Report documentation structure (Background
information, Problem statements (Scope of Work), Data Collection Process and Summary,
Recommendations, Appendices and other necessary information)
7.1 Introduction
According to the scenario based on Falcon College which is located at the mind of Kathmandu valley
expects provide the quality education. As it aims to provide quality education there are students who are
form major cities like Pokhara, Biratnagar, Birgunj, Itahari, Chitwan and other districts form Nepal. This
college has got many departments like Administrative, Human resource, Exam, Account, and Marketing
department. Currently there are more than 500 students which are enrolled in different faculties such as
BBA, BSC IT, BHM, MBA, BBM and many more. Since the company has a traditional information
management system to keep records of students and staffs. system analysis steps in the Falcon College to
develop a latest Academic Portal with latest features and facilities, mitigating the traditional information
system software, it’s the time for documentation. This report is the documentation of the system
investigation. This report will record how the system analysis methodology in fulfilling the phoenix
college requirement.
7.2) Purpose (Background Information)
Before getting detail information about the project the background information is very necessary to be
noted initially. Background information is very essential to remember the employees to make best system
that could fulfil all the demand of company as well as business. background information provides the
system with up to date & accurate information possible through a balance of superior technology, un-
parallel customer service and an unwavering commitment to the highest standards of integrity (Biinc,
2016). Electronic classroom management system is the software that is used in Falcon College, which is
used by authorized person; it’s admin to control the tasks or works in the college with the help of
computerized system. It is developed to assist the different collage work to keep computerized data entry
of every academic online transaction that reduces the current various issues in maintaining and updating
the academic needs online. The introduction of electronic classroom management system provides features
to the user of an educational institute to be part of different types of groups, share data and documents
amongst different users, have discussion threads, instant notifications via email/message, assignment
submissions, blogs, share old papers, availability of books and other useful stuff (buy/sell), online survey

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etc. The new system provides a very intuitive and simple interface to the user and the administrator, so
that the user can easily navigate through pages, assignments, groups and sub- groups, start discussion
threads, blogs, survey, upload assignments, share data, old papers sharing and the administrator can easily
manage groups and remove user permissions. The background information got by the college was from
various analytic tools of system analysis and plan. A wide range of strategies were followed in the system
analysis of the college.
7.3) Scope of work
Since the Falcon College is facing various problems in maintaining and updating the academic needs
online. In order to improve or mitigate such issues the college has decided to designed Academic portal
also known as Electronic Classroom Management system.
Basically, the overall objectives of the project are:
➢ To eliminate the traditional information system
➢ To maintain and update the academic needs online
➢ To record every transaction in computerized system so the problem of missing file record is never
heard
➢ To design and implement electronic grading, assignment submission technology into the system.
➢ To produce the technical report that documents the phases, tasks and deliverables in the project.
After the new system is designed the system should be able:
➢ To provide the administrator ability to create and manage new groups of different kinds like a
course group or a department group.
➢ To provide the functionality to start a discussion thread on any topic this is relevant to that context
and allows the user to reply to any discussion thread on a group level or a personal level.
➢ To provide the ability to the user to start a survey at group level.
➢ To provide the functionality to send a personal/selective message to any of the group member(s).
The new designed project is applicable to provide for electronic grading, assignment submission,
discussion, and other learning tools to cater the academic needs
7.4 Data collection process
Data collection is the systematic approach of gathering the required data in the database for future
references. Data collection process is the most important part of investigation of the system development.
All the important data, information and records are to be stored safely and securely in the database which

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acquires a serious attention. The flaw in the data collection process can cause in the whole investigation
as the outcome of the investigation depends on the level of investigation carried and the level of
investigation depends on the data collection process. Some of the process used to collect data in Falcon
College while investigation is:
• Investigation on upgrading the system or designing a new system was also carried out.
• The hardware platforms that might be suitable for the system were also explored.
• Studying about different constraints like costs, organizational policies and legacy system.
• Analyzing the scope, input, output and processes of the system.
• Finding out a proper alternative system and the quality of the system.
• Finding out the user requirements and expectations from the users using different techniques like
taking FAQ, interviews, doing research in the college.
• Identifying the major requirements/problems of the existing system.
• A flow chart showing the working mechanism was shown as a process representation strategy.
7.5 Summary
This documentation includes all the factors that should be included while designing the system for
the college. It includes all the process, purpose and scope for making the system. While designing the
system the limitation that should be kept in mind are also included in this documentation. Similarly, it
additionally incorporates the distinctive system analysis tools and technique utilized for making the
system. The propose new system will allow the professors to share file, links and grade the assignment
and the students to access the information provided by the teachers, upload assignments and project files.
In the traditional system software this facility was not present due to which it was creating lots of issues,
so that new system was designed and the new system will eradicate the problems and issue and helps to
meet the college and user requirements. The new system will provide the facilities of electronic classroom,
share data and documents among different users, have group discussion, assignment submission. Not only
that the new system will enable the students to find out the time table, or have a look at the FAQ to get the
common questions answered or view the conference/Seminar Info that is going to take place.
7.6 Recommendation
System investigation has helped out finding the problem with better solutions in the Falcon College. So,
some of the recommendation for Falcon College about overall investigation and academic portal are:
• Approval of access should be done by the administration only.
• Tracking and privacy policy should be made and implemented as soon as possible.

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• Students are allowed to access their own tracking data only, and are provided with a copy
• of any of their data which is accessed by other parties.
• The entire process of accessing tracked data is audited by the MIT Audit Division.
• Tight security implementation with cc cameras.
• Database or the server should be locked following latest tools and techniques.
• If the information located in the record is incorrect, a student or family member should have the
right to have the correct changes made.
7.8 Conclusion
This task is related to the development of documentation that could support for the system investigation.
Obviously through above points helps on system investigation which are engaged on documents
management. it has explained about the background information and scope of work which describe the
needs of system. for the performance, smoothly recommendation is provided. One more changes and
solution is available like summarized the requirements. through all these points we can get the idea of
creating document that can fulfil the project needs which can help on system investigation.

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