Child Well-being and Social Factors

This assignment examines various research papers investigating factors influencing child well-being. The documents delve into topics such as the impact of migrant parents on children's resilience, the effects of media use on social well-being in young girls, promoting the well-being of children with LGBTQ+ parents, and the global measurement of parental effects on well-being. The papers highlight the significance of social factors and support systems in shaping child development and overall well-being.

SAFEGUARD CHILDREN AND
YOUNG PEOPLE WELL-BEING

1.1 & 1.3
In UK, all of the establishments who are working with younger people and children are
required to maintain safe and highly secure environment so as to consider welfare concerns
of the people. Safeguarding children & young people mainly targets at promoting well-being
and welfare of the people against abusing and neglecting activities. Various legislations,
protection policies and procedure aims at detection of abuse and neglect issues and prevent
children and young age people from such unfair practices and bullying and thereby promote
wellbeing. In UK there are acts that prohibit discrimination among people and ensured that
all people whether they are youngsters or old will be treated equally at workplace. In past
years lots of changes are made relevant rules and regulations as well as institutions now are
well aware about rights of people. It can be said that interests of youngsters and children’s
are safeguarded in UK.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), 1989: It impose
mandatory obligations upon practitioners to protect children’s rights from abuse, right to
care and provide right to present opinion to the disabled children and others who are living
away from their families. It is not a single legislative framework in UK as there are different
laws such as Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 in England, The safeguard of
Children Act 1999, Children Act 2004, Cooperating to safeguard children in Ireland,
Common Assessment Framework (CAF) applied for the protection and safeguarding of
children and younger people.
Children Act: UK Children Act consist provisions for children care, protection,
welfare, training, education and other key activities. It make provisions to safeguard all the
children against any abuse and negligent behavior to promote their wellbeing.
Childcare Acts and Every Child Matters provide equal right to all the children to be
educated. As per the law, children between 3-4 years have right to take free of cost education
in all the preschool settings. In 2010, its working hours extended from 12.5 to 15 hrs total of
38 weeks per year. It is universally accessible by any of the child to reap the benefits of
education in early years.
Data Protection Act 1998: This act secures confidential information about students so
that any unauthorized person cannot use it for illegal purpose. It mandates for all the
educational settings to keep their all the data in an encrypted software and locked cabinets
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for the security purpose.
Safeguard of children act 1999: It has impact on day to day practices as it can be
observed that under this act reflect actions that need to be taken to protect interest of
children’s. Children act 2004 assist local organizations to work for safety of interest of
children’s. Under this regulation, some guidelines are given which are very helpful to
relevant organizations. Thus, it can be said that these legislations heavily affect safety of
children’s. Childcare practices cover number of things like take care of baby, providing
safety to children’s in orphanage and providing safety to children’s that wandering in streets
for whom there is no responsible person. In order to promote children safeguarding and
wellbeing, there are following provisional set, presented below:
 Risk assessment procedure that clearly presented that unqualified staff must not left
children and younger people on places which are not deemed safe.
 Health & safety legislations and different safety guidelines and provisions also have
been applied to promote safeguarding of people.
 Trainings are being conducted to keep update the workforce with regards to
safeguarding issues.
 Observation helps to detect areas which need additional supports for improving well-
being of children and younger age people.
Early Years Foundation Stage: in UK, Statutory Guidance for the EYFS (Early Years
Foundation Stage) set out the standard regulations for the purpose of child care and
protection and their learning & development. It is applied especially for the children who are
below the age of 5 years. Moreover, common assessment framework is used across all local
areas in England for determining the additional requirement of children and young people
and accordingly creates service provisions to match up their need perfectly. It follows 4-step
procedure that covers identifying needs, assessment of requirements, deliver services and
review progress.
In nurseries, the legal requirement for the practitioners are stated here under:
 Maintain privacy & confidentiality through confidentiality policy
 Safe and secure premises both indoors and outdoors through opening & closing
check
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 Recording of arrival & departures by registers
 Taking initiatives to prevent intruders by ensuring proper safety maintenance
Leeds Safeguarding Children Board (LSCB): It is a statutory regulatory body in the
country that includes senior representation of all the organizations that are working
together for safeguarding & promote children welfare. The key objective of the authority
is to coordinate among all the agencies and individuals and ensure effective operations.
LSCB works with the localized communities and make provisions to safeguard children
and young people.
Equality and diversity Act: This is an important law that particularly emphasizes on
understanding learners actual requirement and meet the same. In practical, it is not easy
for the teacher to treat all children equally, more importantly, when they belong to
different race, nationality and have some disability. Thus, choosing the right learning
strategy helps to meet all the learners requirements very well. It differentiates children
according to their learning styles and knowledge. By applying such practice, people will
not feel discriminated and unfavourable treatment. It protect children against any misuse
or abuse.
Code of professional Practice: In educational institutions, all the teachers are liable to
follow their professional code to become a good teacher. In a rapidly changing world,
teacher role becomes too complex and in order to keep them update, they need to follow
highest possible standards for their teaching profession.
1.2
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Child protection simply taken as a means of safeguarding children from the unfair treatment
such as violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect. Child protection in today time period
become wider concept as it can be observed that government of most of nations of the world
is fully committed towards securing interest of children’s in terms of child labor and
protection of rights. There are many institutes in UK that are working for welfare of
children’s and youngsters so as to ensure that they are aware about their rights and safety
that government is providing to them. Within wider safeguarding concept, child protection
comprises practitioners duties and responsibilities to co-operate and coordinate with the
provisions of
Children Act 2004. In UK, UN 1989 defined children protection covering following aspects:
 Right from the unfair and unjustifiable treatment i.e. abuse, neglect, violence and
others
 Rights to individual to express their own opinion and views and to be listened by
others
 Maintaining proper service provisions for the benefits of disabled children
 Complying with the service provisions for the children who are living away from
their families
Children Act 2004 stated that any physical punishment to the child which cause
mental harm or skin marks will be considered as criminal offence as a breach of the
statutory provisions and such party will be punished.
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1.4
Answer:
Serious Case Reviews (SCR) will be conducted in such cases, in which, there is a
suspicion about neglect or abusing activities as a reason for child or younger people’s
death. If a child or young member faces any serious physical and mental injury just due to
abuse, neglect and violence, then in such situation, serious case reviews will be undertaken.
In such regards, local safeguarding children board (LSCB) needs to be contracted by
establishment for conducting SCR. Besides this, as per Violence Act, 2004, if a parent had
murdered their children as a result of domestic violence then domestic homicide review
(DHR) will be done. In UK, Community Safety Partnership needs to conduct DHR where a
person over the age of 16 years has been died due to domestic violence and neglecting and
abusing attitude of any family member, relative or someone else. It aims at getting lessons
and makes appropriate recommendations to prevent future homicides (Brett and et.al.,
2014).
SCRs investigates that what were the reasons for child death and who is responsible
for the same and in this way, it assists criminal courts to deal with such issues and make
suitable policy framework in order to prevent the occurrence of happening the same
situation in future and thereby safeguarding children welfare. It also identifies lessons that
needs to be leant regarding the ways how settings and professionals can work separately or
work together to promote well being of people. In addition, Childcare practitioners need to
adhere with the Safeguarding & Welfare framework, Early Years Foundation Stage
(EYFS) to establish a high-quality and safe environmental setting in the childcare setting.
1.5
Answer:
Childcare settings are very well-aware with the provisions of Data Protection Act 1998
applied to maintain privacy and confidentiality of the private information. Confidentiality
policy has been made and complied regularly in daily practices to adhere with the
confidentiality requirement of the client’s data. In these regards, children’s information has
been kept in registers that were kept away at a safe place to mitigate the reach of
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unauthorized person. By keeping password, confidential data can be protected and
prevented from any misuse by the other parties. It has been shared with the parents or other
healthcare practitioners only to maintain privacy. At the same time, parent does not have
access to other child’s private information as the registers and files have been kept in
locked file cabinets where only staff members can reach. Moreover, staff members are not
allowed to share children’s personal information with any other third party except parents
to give full value to the EYFS’s welfare and safeguarding requirements (Bradshaw, 2016).
In case, when an unauthorized party illegally access to the data and violate Data Protection
Act requirement then, offender can be prosecuted to prevent such criminal offense. In order
to ensure that data will be protected only reliable person are allowed to go in data center.
Apart from this, entire data is stored in SQL and under this for different sort of employees
in order to approach varied figures specific provisions are done. Due to this reason each
individual can approach only specific sort of data on systems with proper permission. This
ensure that data is safe from threat from side of employees.
Although DPA gives parent rights to access required information about their children
still, there may be some exemptions in which information can be withheld and do not need
to disclosure. For instance, if professional considers that a particular information should
not be shared because it can cause harm to the others then in such case exemption will be
available.
2.1,
Answer:
Refer to document ‘Working together to Safeguard Children’ You can also review the
Department for Education website or Department for Health website and other resources.
Use these documents as a source for information (can also be used for 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4)
Safeguarding children & young people is necessary so that they can feel safe & secure
from the unjustifiable treat such as neglecting and abusing behavior of others e.g. physical,
sexual and emotional. Moreover, in the society, everyone is responsible to protect others
from illegal act or misconducts. Without safeguarding and protecting them, their future will
be adversely affected due to emotional impairment, violence and other reasons. Thus,
promoting well-being assists children to grow safely without any fear and make them
confident member of the society. There is huge significance of safety or safeguarding
children’s. This is because at childhood stage and young stage it is very important to
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protect children’s from abusive and bad environment. Criminal type of people try to make
misuse of children’s and it is very important to make them aware about wrong things that
are happening around them and protecting them from approach of criminal type of people.
Thus, it can be said that there is huge significance of safeguarding of children’s.
2.2Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approach (150 words
approx)
Answer:
Childcare settings need to use process centered approach in the process of
safeguarding their children. There is huge importance of child or young centered approach
because to great extent criminal type of people misuses these children’s and specially
youngsters. Due to this reason it is necessary to follow child or young centered approach
because by doing so special emphasis can be given on children or youngsters in respect to
protecting them from wrong sort of people. Every Child Matters (ECM) is created to assure
that every child get the five decided outcomes from the safeguarding provisions covers
healthy, stay safe, enjoyment, positive contribution & promote well-being (Aveyard and
Sharp, 2013). The main motive of all the service provisions is to satisfy young people’s
and children's health care needs. Their requirements will be considered during the process
of policy formulation & decision making to provide them belonging sense, self-worth and
better feeling.
2.3
Partnership working in context of safeguarding means that government and private
agencies working together for welfare of children’s and youngsters. Government by
preparing rules and regulations and providing money support assist private organizations.
These private organizations in collaboration with government carry out task of protecting
children’s in the nation. Thus, it can be said that there is significant importance of
partnership that goes between government and organizations. Partnership with the
professionals and companies and grouping of all the services are the central point to
provide benefits to the children. It plays an important role to promote wellbeing of the
people because it helps to execute the legislative framework and regulation in a perfect
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manner because professionals have expertise knowledge of laws, which in turn, helps
children to get health and social care benefits, educational benefits and others. Thus,
safeguarding highly depends upon the sound communication and effective partnership with
the professional agencies such as police, visitor, general practitioners, hospitals, schools,
leisure groups and others as all these held duties to safeguard young people and children.
CAF ensure proper communication and provides a way for the early intervention for
promoting welfare.
Partnership Working
Green Paper ECM identifies the need of working together to improve children well being
targeting five outcomes to safeguard children that are be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and
achieve, positive contribution and economic well-being. Partnership working means all the
professionals including NHS, educational departments, NSPCC, social works, police and
others work together to take necessary steps for child protection, welfare and safeguarding.
It promotes cooperation among various agencies with the ultimate focus on children
safeguarding and security.
 Effective partnership working helps in reducing the number of children accidents
and injuries with strong injury prevention plans and strategies.
 It helps minimizing costs and avoid effort duplication by ensuring that all the
resources are utilized in the best possible way.
 Sound relationship helps in closer integration and helps rationale decisions for the
child welfare.
2.4
National Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children
 To establish adequate guidance to children against domestic violence, neglect and
abuse
 To coordinate with the other organizations like educational institutes, healthcare
settings, social services, police and others
 To give support to the children via telephone to home-based childcare workers
Health Visitor
 To be well-equipped with the required skills and knowledge to protect children
from misconduct i.e. abuse, harm and violence
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 To provide health supports to the children below 5 years
 To support Local Safeguarding Children’s Board for the successful operations
 To investigate and inquire the case through visiting to the parent’s home
 To make own-judgemental decisions for information disclosure
 To ensure regular development checks for children under 5 years
General Practitioners:
 To have professional skills so as to identify that whether child is being neglected or
abused or not
 To follow the legislative procedure in case of any suspicion regarding neglect or
abuse
 To attend trainings so as to update their knowledge base
School
 To maintain highly safe surrounding and learning environment for the students
 To detect health concerns and act accordingly upon the same to ensure safety
 To train staff members upon medical issues to promote safeguarding and protect
them from abuse or misconduct
 To have proper safety arrangements such as first aid measures and others to meet
healthcare needs of the students
 To follow necessary rules i.e. child protection act, physical contact, injuries, risk
assessments, illness, emergencies and others
Police
 To investigate the cases so as to identify that whether children safeguarding
principles and laws have been complied or not
 To prevent crime, disorder and misconduct to promote wellbeing
 To access sufficient data through IMPACT Nominal Index to gather information
regarding child protection, violence, crime and other offences
 To coordinate with the other agencies and work collaboratively with them for the
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criminal proceedings
 To enter into premises immediately to prevent children against possible suspected
harm
3.1, 3.2, 3.3 &3.4
Answer:
It is really necessary to make sure that young people and children are protected from
the significant harm in set of work because parents have expectations of trustworthiness as
they believe that their children will be safe at such places. In case due to any negligence
accident happened then in that case those operating work care setting will be responsible.
Due to this reason it is very important to ensure that children’s are protected from harm. In
case any unfortunate event will happened then in that case image of the firm will be
tarnished which is not good. Due to this reason there is importance of care of children’s.
However, in many cases, it seems really hard for parents to leave their children in care
settings as they are not well confident about the safety and security aspects (Care Quality
Commission, 2012). They do not feel that care settings like educational institute and others
will be like supporting hands and promote child development and growth. Thus, breach of
such requirement is the violation of core professional values.
3.2Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people
and adults who work with them(500 words approx)
School policies and procedures
Working transparently and openly: Every school must operate their functions in a
transparent manner and work professionally. They must not involved in any misleading
activities.
Listening children and young people: School administrators must heard all the children
and youngsters and do not avoid it. If they have any issue regarding any factor, then, it is
the responsibility to resolve such things.
Duty of care: Under this, school administrators owes liability to follow responsibility of
care towards all the people by maintain proper safety and security such as first add box,
timely check-ups and others i.e. waste disposal and management need to be followed to
satisfy such accountability.
Whistleblowing: Whistle blowers are the suspects; they must provide detail due to their
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suspicion with justifiable reasons.
Power and position of trust: In school, administrative staff, owner and managers are the
highly trusted positions with extreme power. Therefore, such parties must follow their
responsibilities; respect other’s value and builds trust.
Sharing concerns: They must share important concerns with all and aware them about
possible hazards and risk so that appropriate corrective measure can be bring into actual
practice.
Intimate personal care: This policy sets out clear framework under which intimate and
personal care is being rendered to the children. In this intimate care involves helping other,
better sanitary conditions and others whereas personal care encompasses external
medication, feeding, dressing, feeding, oral medication, healthcare and others.
Emergency procedure: This policy aims at taking sudden or immediate actions to protect
children from any harm.
In order to protect young people and children’s there must be a specific policy that must
be followed by the business firms. Under this policy must be formulated that if anyone
communicate any unusually thing then strict action must be taken against it. Apart from
this, physical contact can be maintained with an individuals and it can be identified that
which young people and children’s are going in wrong direction. CCTV can be installed at
workplace and by doing so it can be ensured that close eye is kept on all students. Such
kind of policies can facilitate safeguarding of children. Work settings need to implement
various policies and procedures in regular practices so as to protect children & younger
who are working with them. It covers safe and secure working conditions, policy for duty
of care, whistle blowing policy and others. For instance, within the educational sector,
workforce needs to comply with UNCRC, 1989, Education Act, 2002, Human Rights,
1998, CAF, Children Act, 2004, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and many others.
Educational institutes needs to provide safe environment in which children can develop
their learning and stay safe. Safeguarding policies needs to properly follow so as to
prohibit allegation of misconduct & build trustworthy relationship (Ham, 2012). Besides
this, Drug policies targeted at not permitting the use of illicit substances like alcohol,
smoking and others in the school premises. Moreover, ethical code of conduct will be
followed by all so as to mitigate unethical practices and promote discipline. In addition to
this, all the students will be treated equally without any discrimination.
3.3Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring
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that whistle-blowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned are
protected (500 words approx)
a)
It is necessary to identify and report poor practices that took place in the work settings.
It seems too difficult to raise voice against colleague because the person may be lead to
victims, still, promoting and safeguarding children wellbeing is a key requirement beyond
maintaining good relationship with the coworkers. The benefit of this is that it helps to
bring awareness program must be conduct and under this, students must be made aware
about not tolerating wrong behavior of colleague. By doing so it can be ensured that on
time wrong practices will come in light of all relevant people. In educational sector, Public
Interest Disclosure Act 1998 protects those members who raise their voice against any
coworker due to the suspicion regarding his or her misconducts. Thus, any member of the
workforce can discuss the concerns with the line manager or superior authority i.e.
safeguarding officers and ask for the suitable advices (Coley and et.al., 2013). Once
official compliant is made by the person, school managerial team will respond it within 5
days and call a meeting to discuss the issue with the members of investigation committee.
Person who complaint needs to provide necessary details and evidences to charge the
person in a formal letter. On the basis of the suspicion, investigation will be carried out in a
confidential way complying with the Data protection Act and the results needs to be
communicated to both the person charged and whistle blower. Although the results may
leads to frightening experience still, children well being is the main concern therefore, law
protects the whistle blowers. The positive impact of this is compliance with the policies
and regulations enable person to raise voice against suspicious people. However, on the
other side, many-times, some people unnecessarily blame others, which damage their
reputation. Besides this, whistle blowers accuse others and thereby take the risk of stiff
reprisal & retaliation from others who have been accuse for wrongdoing.
b)
Every education institution has their own whistle blowing policy which protects the person
against victims and reprisals from the other colleagues. The policy protects whistle blowers
for the genuine complaint made to safeguarding officer towards the person for whom there
is a suspicion regarding responsible for the misconducts. In case, where individual
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practices are questioned then such procedures needs to follow, presented here underneath:
 Whistle blowers must provide detail due to their suspicion with justifiable reasons.
It is very important to provide justifiable reasons. This is because no one without
any evidence can make negative claim about any person. Hence, it is very
important to ensure that only right person is suspected for wrong doings.
 Safeguarding concerns needs to be communicated properly to the relevant authority
at right time. By doing so it can be ensured that culprit will be stopped from wrong
doing on right time. Thus, it is effective strategy to control situation.
 Necessary information needs to be reported properly with details of name, witness
name, date & place in formal letter (Costa-Font and Greer, 2012 ).
 All information disclosed by whistle blower & accused party will keep highly
confidential and investigation will be conducted discreetly through adhering with
the DPA
If a person is terminated by the establishment as it held responsible for the offence
then Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 protects whistle blowers from the
detrimental act.
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3.4
Answer:
In educational sector i.e. school, professionals can protect themselves through following
arrangements:
 They should not stay alone in a closed room with any student.
 It is essential to undress a child due to an accident, a minimum of two members
must be present
 If a children parent collects his child late then a minimum of two staff members
needs to presents until the parent arrive
 They should avoid holding meeting with any students in alone
 Off site visit: During off campus visit in order to protect oneself from threat one
can communicate details about place it is going for examination purpose. In case
other person that specific individual is in threat on time steps can be taken to
control situation. One can take group of 3 to 4 people when going for doing
investigation or meeting any criminal sort of students in campus. These are some
ways that can be followed to protect self from any incident.
Off-site visit protects through following ways:
 Compliance with educational setting policies and procedures
 Performing a risk assessment for children safety
 Obtain consent of the carers and parents
 Ensure insurance coverage for outing
 Staff ratio is in line with the regulatory ratio
 Emergency contact details, first aid box & medical kits to take responsible actions
for sudden accidents.
None of the staff member in the school has authority or right to touch pupils except
in special circumstances such as in case where child feel really distressed. Physical
prompts, guidance and supports needs to provide to the child according to the
circumstances which needs to be clearly communicated to the entire workforce. In
educational visits of professionals, a risk assessment can be undertaken in line with the
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Health and Safety at work regulation (HSWA) 1999, in which, administrative authority
will determine various risks, introduce risk preventing measures and actions and inform the
same to all the members (Curtis, 2013). Before visit, following policies needs to be
addressed properly, listed below:
 Standard behavior, age, fitness and competencies of the children
 Education and healthcare needs
 Adult to students ratio
 Qualifications and competencies of the adults
 Modes of transportation & visiting locations
 Emergency procedure
 Parental permission
 Children dietary requirements
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4.1, 4.2, & 4.3,
There are several signs, symptoms or indicators which reflects a suspicion regarding
safeguarding concerns that are mentioned here as follows:
Neglecting behavior: Improper clothing, dirty skin & hair, hunger, food stolen,
unsupervised, improper medical care, undernourished, tired are the sign that indicates that
children may suffer neglecting issues.
Physical abuse: Grasp mark, hand prints, belts or shoes, bruises on the face, burning skin
and unusual shaped scares indicates physical violence (Stanca, 2012).
Sexual abuse: Itching & soreness, lack of sexual knowledge, urinary infection, lack of
trust, mental stress, being isolated & withdrawn are the signs that indicates sexual abuse.
Emotional abuse: Nervousness, hair twisting, self-mutilation, low self-esteem, delayed
development; attention-seeking attitude indicates that children are being abused
emotionally.
Cultural abuse: Many-times, cultural abuse takes place in educational institutes under
which students make other person feel that its culture is not good and is of low category. In
this regard symptom is abusing someone on basis of rituals.
Female genital mutilation and forced marriage: In many cases it is observed that male
show female wrong sort of images and harasses them. Such kind of practices also comes in
category of abuse. Apart from this, if male is forcing any female to do marriage then it is
also considered as abuse. Such kind of forceful behavior and showing wrong images is
symbol of abuse.
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4.2
Answer:
In case by making use of organization policy and procedure someone is abused then
common meeting will be organized where entire case will be discussed and results will be
given on basis of humanity. In such kind of cases as part of reporting wrong intentions with
which act is performed in alignment to policy of organization will be communicated to top
officers so that justice can be done. If a young person or a child alleges harm or abuse in
line with the policies and procedure of own setting, then the first essential requirement for
the entity is to maintain confidentiality of the concern. Conveying necessary information to
the parents, vulnerable adult or young people must be done in a sensible manner according
to the consultation with the social services. Person who is being supervised has the legal
right to be notified regarding the concern causes as per the mutual discussion and
consultation with the police and social services. All the information must be kept
confidential in safe place like locked file cabinets where only authorized parties can access
it. For any investigation done, it is necessary that staff members are briefed in order to
make sure that unnecessary comments are not made by simply saying “no comments”.
4.3
Answer:
In Children Act, 1989, UNCRC and Child matters 2004, it is clearly mentioned that
children & young people have legal right to protect themselves against any possible
significant harm i.e. abuse, neglect, violate and others. In case anything wrong happened
with children and top entity is not listening issue seriously then in that case students or
children can approach senior authority and can convey their problems. Thus, it is one of the
most important right that any children or youngster have at work setting. Apart from this
parents and careers have right to participate in entire proceedings and decisions that are
taken in respect to children in order to protect them from abuse. Parents or carers have
right to be well informed about all the things and share their own opinion. They can also
involve in all the decisions towards them through conveying all the necessary information
regarding regular business processes and activities. At the same time, they can express
their opinions and views, which need to be properly listened by others. In case, where there
is a suspicion that a child or young member can be abused, then necessary actions needs to
be taken to protect the individual against possible significant harm (Perrin, Siegel and
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Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, 2013). They can live in
their family home whilst in case of physical or sexual abuse, children will be taking out
from the home to safeguard and prevent them from possible harm. Children parents and
carers also must be informed with all the aspects and have right to present their own
opinion.
In despite of this, UNCRC stated that in such circumstance where a child is
suspected, alleged or harmed; then children have right to sought their views and opinions
in all the matters that affect them. It must be given due importance as it is a sensitive
information. Human Right Act 1998 accumulates European Convention on Human Rights
into UK law. As per the children have right to being protected from abusing and express
their views that must listened. In situation, when child face significant risk then it is the key
concern to provide safety and assure meeting their interest. Parents and carer have right to
be informed of any abuse. Here, Data Protection Act 1985 does not apply because
information need to be clearly shared among various agencies, still, efforts must be made
to maintain confidentiality for all the concerns. Information should be disseminated only
on the basis of need to know. It is also necessary to not breach confidentiality that could
damage the reputation of child and their family as a subject of allegation. Individual
against whom allegation is made has right to be clearly notified about the same. It must be
done with the joint consultation between police and social service. Its timing does not
prejudice investigation procedure. All the documents should be stored at a safe place with
limited access available to the designated person only.
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5.1, 5.2 & 5.3
Physical harm
Physical harms can be defined as an illness, pain, injury and other situations caused by
other people. It includes pushing, hitting, choking, slapping, pinching, biting, kicking and
others.
Physical harm signs and symptoms
 Bruises at unusual places such as creases of joints, marks, bruising and in the crotch
area
 Marks on the body and burns i.e. cigarette burns, iron burns
 Scarring from the previous burns and cuts
 Frequently hospital visiting
 Repeating negative functions like lashing out, hitting, kicking and others
 Confidential disclosure
 Scared and fear
 Suicide
 Mental depression
 Hungary
 Lack confidences
 Distress, depress or anxious
 Suffer nightmares
 Appetite loss
 Poor achievement in education
Verbal harm:
Insulting children & young people, sarcasm, rumors, gossiping hurtful things i.e. racial
discrimination and teasing them. Verbal abuse is also known as verbal violence or verbal
assault that is about negative defining something about the victim.
Potential effects/Symptoms
 Aggressive nature
 Delayed growth & development
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 Depression
 Anxious
 Lack confidence & low level of self-esteem
 Child become isolated & withdrawn
 Anxious
 Stress
Emotional signs and symptoms
 Being withdrawn
 Reluctant to go residence
 Confidential disclosure with friends
 Improper eating and drinking
 Overly shy
 Overly cuddly with the familiar person
 Unusual behavior like aggressive
 Tormenting, humiliation, excluding and others
 Blaming own
 Causing harm to themselves
 Phobia
 Fear & scared
 Lack confidence
 Mental depression
 Over-eating
 Child become isolated & withdrawn
 Self-harming behaviour
 Physically ill
Sexual harm or abuse:
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 Bruising in private areas like genital areas
 Sexual acts during play like repeating sexual moves frequently
 Confidential disclosure to others
 Reluctant to go home with some people
 Unusual upset or feeling withdrawn
Cyber bullying: Now-a-days, many people upset others using ICT like web technology,
(social networking sites i.e. Facebook, chat rooms & mails), mobile phones (text messages
and videos) and others, called cyber bullying.
Potential effects/ Symptoms
 Suicide attempts
 Lack confidence and low self-esteem
 Being isolated & withdrawn
 Self-harm
 Depression
 Unhappy and shyness
Child Neglect signs and symptoms
 Over feeding
 Tired every time
 Weary skin colour
 Always poor healthy with cold, sickness and cough
 Uncleanliness
 Withdrawn from play
Social bullying: It is a sort of bullying under which someone spread negative message
about person in society. Symptom of such kind of bullying is spreading of rumours in the
market. Such kind of bullying is commonly used by people in order to tarnish image of
other person among people and to take revenge.
22

23

5.2
Answer:
Positive behaviour policy is one of the effective policy that is helpful in responding to
bullying. Equality of opportunity, policy statement are several practices that can support in
identifying reasons why children bully others. It is essential that children pay attention on
views, feelings of others and it can only possible when they get correct guidance from
teachers, parents or any other respective persons. Education department does not tolerate
bullying in school or college by children to other children.
Authorities hire the person who can keep up to date to all staff members regarding
legislations and procedures, so that they can get to know what things they need to look
upon. Concern person need to give proper training to them in order to promote positive
behaviour. Parents need to inform to teachers about their behaviour so that if any issues
are going to occur then they can be eliminated before it occurs. Bullying can impact
psychologically on the children so adults or teachers should monitor activities of ll people
and should stop if such type of issue is going to arise. Schools are required to ask parents
about their children behaviour so that they can take action accordingly.
Strict policies are there for bullying and under this there is clear rule that in case someone
found to be involved in such kind of wrong practices then strict action can be taken against
it. Such kind of policies are prepared at workplace because by doing so threat is given to
relevant sort of people and fear factor is created among them in and clear instructions given
to them about not performing bulling activity.
Equality policies: In this work settings treat all the people equally with no discrimination
on any ground. Non-compliance with these results in strict action against party found in
default. This is important to protect all the member’s rights, feelings and needs. Moreover,
it protects people from any unfavourable behaviour with someone just on their different
cultural background, nationality, race, color, origin and others.
Positive behaviour policy: It includes child learning and growth policy, safety
management, accepting contribution of parents as partners, supporting every child,
maintain learning environment and helps in personal, social and emotional development of
a child.
Professional code of conduct such as integrity, trustworthiness, respecting others and work
24

professionally
EYFS key commitments
 Children development ‘
 Inclusive practices
 Safety maintenance
 Learning and supporting environment
 Personal, social and emotional development
Procedures:
 Initially, a person is assigned who hold accountability to run programme
successfully targeting children overall development and mitigating issues. The
person owed liability to keep hilself or herlsef with the laws, follow professional
code of conduct, aware all the staff, treating all the children, parents and other with
care and courtesy and work in partnership with all the members to keep parents
informed about their children behaviour and maintain records.
Strategies followed with children with inconsistent behaviour
 All volunteers, staff and students need to use policies todeal with inconsistent
behaviour and help children out with the perfect solution Including feeling
acknowledgement, supporting children and control their feelings
 Acknowledging children behaviour through kindness and willingness attitude
 Support children with the sense of belonging
 Avoid situations in which children are involved in such activities just to reieve
other attention
 Avoiding physical punishment to the children
 Do not humiliate children
 In case of serious misbehaviour of the children like racial abuse, immediate
response must be taken to make it clear that it is an unacceptable behaviour
25

5.3
Answer:
NSPCC as if agencies are there to support people specially youngsters against bullying.
When any case comes in their light, they guide suffered person and its relative in proper
manner and ensured that one with full energy will work against such kind of mental torture
situation. It is very essential for the authorities to support children when bullying is
suspected. It is very important that they follow school policies and procedures. It is the
right of children that to feel safe and secure whenever they come to scholar for their
studies. It is also obligation of schools that they make sure people know about legislation
and no issues related to bullying take place in this place. School have their own behaviour
policies that provide opportunity to the parents to discuss with the child that what school
administration authorities expects about their behaviour. It must be clearly conveyed to
every student that bullying practices will not be tolerated on any ground, as it is an
unacceptable behaviour and action.
Bullying: If a child bullies another children, then following steps will be taken:
 Listening matter concerns from the children who have been bullied
 Intervene to stop such practices and harming attitude
 Aware children to stop such unacceptable behaviour
 Reassurance to the children who have been bullied to not to threaten them
 Ensure that children receive positive feedbacks about such considerable behaviour
and given with the opportunities to practice positive behaviour
 Discussion with the parents and work out with an appropriate plan to handle such
behaviour
If any child is telling that individual is suspected and has bullied by his friends then
concern person need to provide its best support so that child can feel secure. Sometimes
students feel embarrasses and ashamed in disclosing about this accident but concern person
needs to show sympathy towards the victim and need to praise for his bravery. Supervisors
are required to monitor activities of all children so no-one get teased by their peer. If
parents know that their child is facing bully situation by other children in the school then
they should immediately come to teachers and discuss the matter with them. That would
help in stopping such type of activities from the school. Teachers are required to give
behaviour policy document to all parents so that they can make their children understand
about how to behave in schools and if such type of situation arise then what they have to
26

do. It will give huge support to children those who are getting bullied by their friends.
27

6.1, 6.2, 6.3, & 6.4
Answer:
In order to support child self-confidence its motivation level can be increased and on for
this focus must be on reducing fear factor among individuals. One that is suffered from
bullying will make understand that fear factor create only problems for them. By making
same thing understand to children support can be given to child confidence. Young people
and children who are well-confident with high level of self-esteem do not considered
abused or being neglected by others whereas others who lacks confident are considered as
being abused and neglected. Creating surroundings that provide proper security, educators
can support individual to build self-esteem & self-confidence as well. Self-esteem is
regarded as believe or confidence in individual’s own worth and abilities. Educators can
assist young people and children to increase self-confidence and self-esteem through
following ways.
 Encouraging students to be positive at all the time
 Positive body language, praising people and encouraging and motivating them for
the best efforts
 Listen their views and giving value and respect to their interest
 Praising their work and motivate them to overcome mistakes
 Inform them about their strength
 Develop learning attitude
 Listening children issues and complaints and respond immediately to overcome the
same
 Promoting independencies of the children learning so that they can develop
themselves in interested field willingly
 Become a positive role model and promote cooperation and coordination among all
the children
28

6.2
Answer:
It is very important to support resilience among children’s and youngsters because
ups and downs comes in life regularly but one have to maintain mental stability in that
situation. If someone maintain mental stability then in that case easily can handle tough
situation. Hence, on analysis it can be said that it is very important to maintain
resilience .Resilience is the ability that how quickly and instantly an individual deals with
life up and downs in their self-esteem. Children who are greatly able to deal with their life
difficulties can grow successfully through reducing stress and will be able to recover from
many life problems. They can easily cope up with the adverse changes & uncertain
conditions and overcome from the traumatic life events (Jordan and Graham, 2012). High-
level of confidence, early attachments, and self-identity, able to work independent, positive
attitude are the factors that supports individual to support resilience. They also do not scare
with the failure in life and always grow up with the positive attitude. If school did not
support resilience then, it can build negative perception and belief among children and
reduce their confidence level. However, by promoting it, children can develop themselves
at a good growth and also it develops learning attitude with which, children can be
educated with a lot of things for brightening their career and achieve good growth.
It is essential for the children to secure early attachments in order to support their
emotional developments otherwise in future; they may face difficulties in dealing with
others relationship. It is important to develop a self-identity among children to make them
confident and self-valued. It develops loving, caring, kind, self-esteeem and others leads to
develop a strong sense of identity. With self-confidence and self-esteem provides the
choice to an individual to be independent and show others as a good role model. All these
enable children in better resilience.
As they develops strong interaction with others, make them emotional and develop helping
nature. Practitioners plays an important role in such development because high level of
self-esteem help them to combat setbacks and develop a positive attitude to cope up with
the difficult life situations, hurt feelings and disappointments which is the part and parcel
of everyone’s life. Life experience, personality and confidence make them socialize and
familiar with all. A person never should be judged by recognizing others thoughts which
may sometimes damage children self-esteem and people. Teachers must help children to
provide them knowledge about what is right or wrong so that they can make decisions by
29

their own and should comment on their bad behavior rather than on the child, because it
may resultant self-esteem. They should be encourage to participate and motivate them to
learn new activities to expand knowledge base and confidence level. Rewards and others,
all these leads to grow confidence and self-esteem among them and make them
independent, must praise their attainment.
30

6.3
Answer:
It is necessary to work with children’s to ensure that they have strategy to handle any
situation. This is because usually students when face difficult situation become hyper and
failed to handle burden. In such kind of situation if there is someone who can give better
guidance to them then in that condition they without fear can solve problem. Hence, it is
very important to work with children and assist them in strategy formulation. It is very
important hat children be able to protect themselves so that they can take care own self if
any risk get raised.
 Parents or teachers need not to make them afraid but they have to give hem
knowledge so that they can get to know about dangers and how they can safe
themselves from such type of conditions.
 It is essential because by making those aware with strategies adults will help the m
in minimize their risk and keeping them safe. By making them aware with the risk
that can be faced by them and explaining proper strategies to them, parents or
adults can enhance their confidence and can make them able to protect themselves.
For example; if someone is bullying the child and he is alone then in-spit of running
from the place they need to reacts normal such as they have not heard anything. By
making them aware that not to hide secrets with their adults, if they are feeling
unsafe with any person then discusses the problem with parents immediately. It will
help them in minimizing their risk to great extent.
 Clear communication with the children and educating them about high risk
occurring activities i.e. outdoor activities, road safety green cross code and others.
 Older children and parents must talk to their students about possible health hazards
so that they can follow necessary preventions into real practice. Here, clear
communication is also need to aware kids about sexually transmitted disease i.e.
HIV, herpes, gonorrhoea and others.
 Parents must educate kids that if any person tries to touch their body in a way
which they did not like or frighten them, then they must speak loudly and should
not afraid and tell others also about the same. They must not keep such things secret
and share with any of their close family members, friends and elder brother or
31

sisters.
 If anyone offers children a bribe or money without their parental knowledge then
they must share with their parents and never accept bribe as it is an illegal acts.
 Children must be aware about not sharing their confidential password with others
which can result in theft or stolen their critical data.
 Children should no talk to strangers and if anyone tries to harm kids, then they
should call for help of anyone from the crowd and shouted loudly on bullying
person.
32

6.4
Answer:
In order to empower children stranger danger concept can teach to them. Under this
concept it is advisable to children’s that they cannot believe on any person. This is because
stranger can create threat for them. Such kind of teaching will make children’s understand
they they need to remain alert always and focus on communication that is going on with
other. By doing so they can identify threat on time and can handle situation on time. There
are several ways that can help in empowering young people and children order making
positive environment for them. These are as following:
 By giving them time and developing understanding about the risk adults can
empower them by this way they will be able to resolve their conflicts by own.
 Promoting positive relationship is the great way through which parents can
empower the children and can make them positive so hat hey can keep them safe.
 By taking interest in children's activities and monitoring them properly, adults can
get to know what questions they can ask and telling them proper answers they can
enhance their confidence and can make them positive.
33

7.1 & 7.2
Answer:
Being online: Now-a-days, children and young people stay online for a lengthy period.
Although there are number of benefits of it, still at the same time, it might be very risky
also. With the advancement of technologies over the years, e-safety now became a great
issue and for the same, school follows e-safety policies to safeguard people against such
risk. As per this, children along with their parents have to sign e-safety form which clearly
indicates that they are very well aware with the e-safety laws and follow it. Moreover, in
the academic course, children are provided with the adequate knowledge regarding
potential risk and consequences of internet use to safeguard them (Pea and et.al., 2012).
Use of mobile phones: Children must be informed to not to use their mobiles in public and
they must know that it is just provided to them for the safety purpose. Preventing its
excessive use helps to overcome mugging & theft issues. They also must be informed with
the cyber-bullying issues such as unnecessary comments on social sites, chat room
conversation, junk e-mails and others. All such warnings enable them to have well
knowledge about potential harm and encourage for its right use. Excessive use of mobile
phone can also results in health hazards such as tumour.
Contact to stranger: Contact to stranger is the one of the main risk to which people are
exposed. Stranger may be one that is opposite to children and have to intention to harm it.
Thus, believing on strangers is the one of the major risk on which children need to pay due
attention.
Exploitation: Now-a-days, children excessively use an internet and mobile device which
serves as a education and social resources as well. In order to access web, they do not need
to laptop or PC and can use it on their mobile devices, tablets and androids as well.
Sometimes, children mention their phone numbers and display their profile on the web
which is open to exploitation. More importantly, social networking sites are widely used by
the children on where they display their numbers and other information which might be
misused by others.
Cyber-bullying: It is a major risk associated with the internet usage. Children may also
encourage engaging in sexual conversation and influencing them adversely.
Cyber-hack: Many-times, children download different game apps for their entertainment,
however, viruses and hacking programs in such results in theft of confidential information
34

which is misused by others.
7.2
Answer:
Social networking, internet use, mobile phones can create risk to children. It is necessary to
protect people from such type of issues. Several ways of reducing risks are as following:
 For protecting the children from social networking sites, adults need to tell to them
that never talk to strangers and meet them on these websites.
 Parents should take interest on child activities so that they can know about their
friends on social sites. It will help them in making them aware with the wrong
doing.
 Parents and teachers should use such browsers that are specially designed for
children. That would help in keeping them away with bad images and jokes on
internet.
 By using mobile in excess cancer and tumour type of diseases can take place. For
that parents should not give phones to children those who are below 15 years and
should m keep phone few inches away from ear so that such type of issues can
minimized.
 In order to mitigate risk of being harmed by stranger children’s must abstain from
believing on other person and they must focus on each and every line and activity
that stranger is doing. By doing so close monitoring of stranger can be done and on
time potential threat can be detected easily.
 Parents must aware their students about such predators and educate children to not
to talk and meet with strangers. Moreover, they must monitor that which SNSs
children uses because some sites have age limit which should not be used before
reaching to that age limit.
 Restrict access to social networking sites and parents must teach their children
about educational sites which are helpful for their career building such as surf
safely, Ask Jeeves Kids and Yahoo to aware their kids.
 Parents must keep monitoring over children’s online activities and all the sites that
are inappropriate for them must be blocked so that they can’t access it.
 Buying online have a risk of hacking that can be reduced by a firewall which
35

prevents from hackers or other malicious software that can theft confidential
information.
 Moreover, secure payment system like PayPal can be used to prevent fraudulent
activities by unauthorized users.
 Health-hazards such as cancer as a result of mobile phone usage can be reduced by
the use of blue tooth, loud speakers, landline and others.
36

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3.4
4.1
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Harvard Referencing Grid
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Handbook Level 3
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Education
12th
March
2017
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and Sharp,
P.
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Hill
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2017
Bradshaw, J.
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2017
Brett, J. and
et.al.
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2012 The state of health care and
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Coley, R. L.
and et.al.
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London Mc-Graw-
Hill
Education
6th July
2017
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2012 Federalism and
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Ham, C 2012. Transforming the delivery
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44