Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud and Fog Domain

Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud and Fog Domain

ABSTRACT – The main determination of this research project paper is to focus on the application of the block chain
technology in the IoT based devices. The different applications of the block chain technology in the IoT based systems
such as the protection of the integrity and confidentiality of the data is mentioned in this paper. The different types of
IoT based devices which are connected with the help of a centralized or a decentralized server can be tracked or
managed with the help of the block chain technology. The processing of the transactions, co-ordination between the
devices and efficient data handling are the primary objectives of block chain technology in the IoT based devices.
Human intervention is no longer required in most of the IoT based automated technologies which have lots of challenges
associated to it; these are the main reason why block chain technology can be useful. Those challenges and threats can be
minimized with the help of the security solutions provided by the block chain technology. The future applications of the
block chain technologies such as the use of the distributed clouds will be helping to improve the networking system of
the IoT based eco-systems. The paper will be highlighting the positive and the negative impacts of the block chain
technology in the centralized and the decentralized IoT networks. The application of the smart contracts, importance of
the bitcoins of the block chain revolution, challenges and opportunities of the block chain technology in the IoT based
devices will be stated in this paper in a professional manner.
1. INTRODUCTION
There are different types of challenges associated with the
use of the block chain technology in the IoT based devices
(Ejaz & Anpalagan, 2019). The paper will be focusing on two
most important challenge of block chain which is the costs
associated with technology and the need for experienced
dedicated IT professionals (Wilson, 2019). These issues arise
once the system is installed in an environment and should be
highly focused as it may have a direct impact on the growth
and productivity of the organizations where it is incorporated.
Requirements of the project
There are different aspects of block chain technology
discussed in the above unit of the paper such as the following:
o Difficulties in the implementation.
o Use of the technology in the financial sector.
o Use of block chain in access models.
o Huge costs are required to manage the IoT based
systems.
o Use of block chain in SCM.
o Use of block chain in chemical industry.
o Experienced professionals are required to manage the
systems.
o Use of block chain in electric business models.
The paper will be focussing on the costs associated with the
technology and the need of professionals to manage the
systems.
Problem Statement
The incorporation of block chain technology in the
IoT based devices increased the complexity of those devices.
Huge transaction costs and network speed are required in the
IoT based systems is the other problem associated with this
technology.
Techniques to solve the problem
The above-discussed problems are needed to be solved in
an efficient manner so that the desired results are obtained
from the IoT based systems. Dedicated professionals are
needed to be hired for handling and managing the advanced
IoT based systems in the financial sectors. The availability of
dedicated professions is sometimes a concern for business
organizations. The transaction costs can be avoided with the
help of effective IT governance plan as it will minimize the
overhead costs also. The practice of high-speed internet
connections is always preferred for the IoT based systems.
2. Annotated Bibliography
Article 1
Conoscenti, M., Vetro, A., & De Martin, J. C. (2016,
November). Blockchain for the Internet of Things: A
systematic literature review. In Computer Systems and
Applications (AICCSA), 2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International
Conference of (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
This resource helps in understanding the impact of the
block chain technology in the centralized and the
decentralized data intensive applications. The resource is
useful to understanding the effectiveness of block chain
technology in preserving the privacy of the users of the IoT
based devices. The authors of this resource focussed on the
Private by design data management which is an important
aspect for maintaining the integrity of the data.
Article 2
Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and
smart contracts for the internet of things. Ieee Access, 4,
2292-2303.
The authors of this resource focused on the importance of
the peer to peer network for the non-trusted members of the
block chain technology. The authors focused on the smart
contracts used for the IoT based devices. The most significant
part of this resource is the states the working principals of the
block chain technology and the IoT base devices.
Article 3
Dorri, A., Kanhere, S. S., & Jurdak, R. (2016). Blockchain
in internet of things: challenges and solutions. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1608.05187.
The challenges associated with the integration of block
chain technology in IoT based devices are stated in this paper.
This knowledge is extreme valuable for the governance plans
of the IoT based systems.
Article 4

Huckle, S., Bhattacharya, R., White, M., & Beloff, N.
(2016). Internet of things, blockchain and shared economy
applications. Procedia computer science, 98, 461-466.
The authors of this resource highlighted the shared
economy applications of the IoT based systems and the block
chain technology. Their work is valuable as it helps the
readers to understand how block chain technology is exploited
in an IoT based system.
Article 5
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution:
how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money,
business, and the world. Penguin.
The authors of this resource focused on the increasing use
of the bit coins as an alternative to money. The impact of this
block chain revolution can be obtained from this resource. The
resource also helps in understanding the compatibility issues
of the bit coins with the IoT based devices.
Article 6
Zhang, Y., & Wen, J. (2017). The IoT electric business
model: Using blockchain technology for the internet of things.
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 10(4), 983-994.
The authors of this resource focused on the different
aspects of the block chain for the IoT based devices such as
the networking applications. The most valuable unit of this
resource is that it proposes different types of electric business
models which can be used by the systems which work on
block chain technology.
Article 7
Biswas, K., & Muthukkumarasamy, V. (2016, December).
Securing smart cities using blockchain technology. In High
Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 14th
International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 2nd
International Conference on Data Science and Systems
(HPCC/SmartCity/DSS), 2016 IEEE 18th International
Conference on (pp. 1392-1393). IEEE.
The authors of this resource highlighted the use of different
aspects of block chain technologies across the IoT smart
cities. The main value of this paper is that it states the
usefulness of the block chain technology more than focusing
on the features of this technology.
Article 8
Ouaddah, A., Abou Elkalam, A., & Ait Ouahman, A.
(2016). FairAccess: a new Blockchain‐based access control
framework for the Internet of Things. Security and
Communication Networks, 9(18), 5943-5964.
The communication and the security features provided by
the block chain technology in an IoT based systems are
highlighted in this resource. The most exciting part of this
resource is that it proposes a new access control framework
which can be incorporated into an IoT based system.
Article 9
Sun, J., Yan, J., & Zhang, K. Z. (2016). Blockchain-based
sharing services: What blockchain technology can contribute
to smart cities. Financial Innovation, 2(1), 26.
The contributions of the block chain technology in the IoT
smart cities are the main focus on this resource. The author
wanted to state the detailed applications of the black chain
technology in the smart cities. The resource proposes a
conceptual framework on the basis of the system used in the
corporation, associated technologies used and the users who
are accessing the system.
Article 10
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., & Wang, H. (2016).
Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey.
International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 1, 1-25.
The authors of this resource focused on the challenges
associated with the block chain technologies in the IoT based
devices. The valuable unit of the resource states about the
future trends of the block chain technology with the help of a
block chain consensus algorithm.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
As discussed by Conoscenti, Vetro and De Martin
(2016), the use of the block chain technology is increasing
every day. The researcher focused on the use of the block
chain in the cryptocurrency. The main advantage of the paper
is that it focuses on the implementation of block chain
technology in IoT based systems. According to the researcher,
the implementation of block chain technology is very much
useful considering our transactions in our daily life.
According to Huckle et al. (2016), decentralization
and shared economy uses are the main uses of the internet of
things and block chain technology. The researcher focused on
the use of block chain technology in uses like Uber. The
opportunities of the block chain technology are stated in a
professional way in this paper.
As discussed by Li et al. (2018), block chain
technology is very much useful in the industries. The
researcher focused on the use of the technology in industrial
equipment's such as the microgrids in the energy industries.
The main advantage of the paper is that it focuses on the
security provided by this technology in the financial
transactions.
According to Ouaddah, Elkalam and Ouahman
(2017), there are different types of issues associated with the
incorporation of the block chain technology in IoT based
systems. The researcher focused on the access control models
where block chain technology is incorporated. The issues
associated with those systems and models are discussed in the
paper. The main advantage of the paper is that it provides
detailed information about the issues associated with the block
chain technology.
As discussed by Saberi et al. (2015), block chain
technology is very much used in the supply chain market. The
researcher focused on the traceability, transparency, and
security provided by the block chain technology in the IoT
based systems. The main advantage of the paper is that it
provides detailed knowledge about the use of block chain
technology in the smart contracts which are often used in the
supply chain market.
According to Sikorski, Haughton and Kraft (2017),
the use of IoT based systems are gaining popularity across
various industries. The researcher focused on the use of block
chain technology in the chemical industry. The foremost