Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)

This report highlights the aspects related to the development and building of a smart city and the business opportunity in developing the smart cities in India. Automation is the biggest factor for developing a better future for the local communities and allowing them a better and comfortable lives. The report emphasizes on the smart cities around the world, history, need of smart cities, technologies required, Indian model of smart cities and goals, market analysis and growth projections, business opportunities, and case studies of Songdo, Masdar, Rio de Janeiro, Amsterdam, and Madrid.

Running head: SMART CITIES AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES (INDIAN MODEL)
Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
Table of Contents
1) Introduction........................................................................................................................2
2) Overview of smart cities around the world:.......................................................................3
3) History:...............................................................................................................................4
4) Why we need smart cities:.................................................................................................6
5) Technology.........................................................................................................................9
A) Information communication technology:........................................................................10
B) IoT...................................................................................................................................10
C) Sensors............................................................................................................................11
D) Artificial Intelligence......................................................................................................11
E) Block chain......................................................................................................................11
F) Data management through...............................................................................................12
a) Machine to machine connection:.................................................................................12
b) Data management through machine to people connection:.........................................12
c) Data management through people to people connection:............................................13
6) Indian model of smart cities and goals:............................................................................13
7) Market analysis and growth projections..........................................................................14
8) Business opportunities:....................................................................................................16
9) Case study:.......................................................................................................................19
1) Songdo (South korea)................................................................................................19
2) Masdar (UAE)...........................................................................................................19
3) Rio de janeiro............................................................................................................20
4) Amsterdam................................................................................................................20
5) Madrid.......................................................................................................................21
10) Conclusion.....................................................................................................................21
11) Bibliography..................................................................................................................24

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
1) Introduction
This report highlights the aspects related to the development and building of a smart city and
the business opportunity in developing the smart cities in India. Automation is the biggest
factor for developing a better future for the local communities and allowing them a better and
comfortable lives. The information technology has become the integral part of the lives and
widen the scope of accomplishment of the daily operational activities1. There is not any
sector left behind that is untouchable of the information technology for strengthening the
ways and efficiency of work delivery. Smart cities can be defined as the automated
management of the entire city’s operational activities and delivering them in much efficient
and effective way. The city being operated using the technologies such as high speed
network, sensors, IoT, Artificial intelligence, easy and efficient management of the daily
operational activities.
These technologies will allow the local community to be more automated, better and
smart decision-making using artificial intelligence, innovative and advanced transport and
traffic concept and linkage between the social and technological innovations2. The goal of the
smart city should focus on proposing smart energy production and consumption, smart
mobility including cars and heavy load vehicles, smooth connectivity of the population with
the technology.
This report will be emphasizing on the development of the smart cities in India and how it
could be achieved in an efficient and effective way. This report emphasizes on the smart
cities around the world and how they are operating the daily operational activities in an
efficient and effective way. The history of the smart city is also explained in this paper in
1Zanella, Andrea, Nicola Bui, Angelo Castellani, Lorenzo Vangelista, and Michele Zorzi. "Internet of things for
smart cities." IEEE Internet of Things journal 1, no. 1 (2014): 22-32.
2 Albino, Vito, Umberto Berardi, and Rosa Maria Dangelico. "Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions,
performance, and initiatives." Journal of Urban Technology 22, no. 1 (2015): 3-21.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
manner to discuss the evolution of the idea behind smart cities. Followed by this, the need of
the smart cities and the technologies required to build the smart city has been also discussed
in this paper.
2) Overview of smart cities around the world:
There are many countries around the world who has been transforming the cities into
smart cities including Amsterdam, Barcelona, Columbus, Dublin, Madrid, Manchester, New
York City, South Korea and many more. The smart parking systems, smart energy
consumption systems, smart technologies and appliances allowing the individuals to
accomplish the daily operations in automated way. Amsterdam has already established the
smart car parking system, smart energy meters, smart street lighting system, and many more
along with the on-going more than 170 projects3. Similarly the other countries have also
adopted the similar concepts for adopting smart cities as the transformation on the existing
cities behaviours. The major contributing technologies for the present scenarios include IoT
and sensors and these are contributing in the efficient and effective management of these
daily operational activities. I want like what kind of role a smart city can play in any
countries economy and how many countries are determined to build smart cities in their
country4. Most of the companies are at the verge of proposing the projects those could change
the face of the cities through allowing the processing of real-time collected data and
information in manner to allow technology to execute the real time collected data and
information.
3 Kitchin, Rob. "Making sense of smart cities: addressing present shortcomings." Cambridge Journal of
Regions, Economy and Society 8, no. 1 (2015): 131-136.
4 Letaifa, Soumaya Ben. "How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model." Journal of Business
Research68, no. 7 (2015): 1414-1419.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
The cities are being developed and enhanced in manner to adopt the automation and the
fulfilment of the basic needs and requirements of the present communities5. Many researchers
are still struggling in proposing an artificial intelligence robots to take over the world for the
accomplishment of necessary operational activities. Artificial intelligence and machine
intelligence will be the next approach for the smart cities that would probably took over these
technologies and deliver the necessary daily operational activities.
3) History:
The well-known proverb “necessity is the mother of all inventions” is true in all the
aspects. Being smart is always the necessity of the economy and hence, automating the cities
was the target the needed to be implemented in efficient and effective manner. The very first
theoretical and conceptual model of the smart city can be seen in 1997 literature written by
Greaham and Aurigiri in which they have claimed that the cities will be automated through
advanced and automated technology in 20th century6. In 1994, Amsterdam was the first city
where smart city concept was implemented. However, the very first digital smart city
implementation can be recorded in Amsterdam in 1994. The effort of an activist was an
effective project who aims at enabling the dialogue between the politicians and the
community. The automation was adopted by the citizens and it became the success story of
the 20th century era. Application of the World Wide Web (WWW) came in practice that
allowed the community to be connected with the cities and exchange the information related
to the sharing of forms and information of the political government, transportation,
employment opportunities and many more7.
5 Ahvenniemi, Hannele, Aapo Huovila, Isabel Pinto-Seppä, and Miimu Airaksinen. "What are the differences
between sustainable and smart cities?." Cities 60 (2017): 234-245.
6 Solanas, Agusti, Constantinos Patsakis, Mauro Conti, Ioannis S. Vlachos, Victoria Ramos, Francisco Falcone,
Octavian Postolache et al. "Smart health: a context-aware health paradigm within smart cities." IEEE
Communications Magazine 52, no. 8 (2014): 74-81.
7 Söderström, Ola, Till Paasche, and Francisco Klauser. "Smart cities as corporate storytelling." City 18, no. 3
(2014): 307-320.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
Since then the technologies have been continuously evolving and as a result new and
innovative technologies were developed that can allow driverless cars, smart transportation
system, drone facilities, and many uncountable benefits. The conceptual model of smart city
consist of the information exchange using the Information and communication technology,
planning and governance of the technologies being deployed all over the city, smart services,
and many other smart applications as demonstrated in the following figure:
Figure 1: smart city conceptual design
(Source: Anthopoulos, 2017)
The chronological development of the city can also be demonstrated as:

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
Figure 2: Timeline of the smart city evolution
(Source: Anthopoulos, 2017)
The above timeline demonstrates the attempts being driven since from 1994 and still
is in progress for most of the countries. The same concept of automation is being utilized that
emphasizes on the information exchange between the devices and action taking based on the
algorithms8. However, the present world has evolved much more as the IoT, Sensors, and
high speed Wireless connectivity has contributed in the development of much efficient and
effective technologies those could change the face of the world. The proposal for the smart
city for India has been proposed now and most of the cities are going to be transformed
through this attempt.
4) Why we need smart cities:
The present data proposed by the UNESCO states that the rural areas are either being
transformed into urban or the population of the rural areas are shifting to urban areas. The
quantitative data shows by 2050, about 70% of the world population will migrate to the urban
and cities and most of the cities will have the population of about 10 million individuals9. On
the other hand considering the population of India and China, more than 200 cities will have
approximately 10 million inhabitants. The present figure also states that the 75% of the
8 Rathore, M. Mazhar, Awais Ahmad, Anand Paul, and Seungmin Rho. "Urban planning and building smart
cities based on the internet of things using big data analytics." Computer Networks 101 (2016): 63-80.
9 Khorov, Evgeny, Andrey Lyakhov, Alexander Krotov, and Andrey Guschin. "A survey on IEEE 802.11 ah:
An enabling networking technology for smart cities." Computer Communications 58 (2015): 53-69.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
energies are being consumed by the urban population and so the increase in the population in
future will be the concerning factor for the government in manner to manage the needs and
requirements of such increased population10. Smart city does not focus only on automation
however, it also focuses on the development and establishment of the systems those can be
energy saving, cost effective and sustainable in nature. Smart city plan also include limiting
the energy consumption or using the renewable sources of energy for the delivery of the
necessary operational activities.
The smart city proposal for India will be helpful in restricting the water consumption by
15%, 25% saving on the transport requirements and dependencies, 17% reduction in the co2
those are being released in the environment, 10% decrement in the energy consumption.
These planning and expectations are enough for deploying the smart cities11. Following is the
list of benefits those could be adhered through the implementation of the smart city:
The public services are being managed by the persons and the establishment of the smart
city will allow the reducing of the public sending those are spending on the management and
provision of the public services.
It will increase the quality and efficiency of the services through managing and utilizing
the services in far better and effective way12. The present scenario results into many wastes
those could have been used for the better application if it was utilized efficiently.
Enhances the course of the decision-making and thus proposing the best course of
decision-making that can be utilized for the better results and outputs13. It will facilitate the
10 Kylili, Angeliki, and Paris A. Fokaides. "European smart cities: The role of zero energy
buildings." Sustainable Cities and Society 15 (2015): 86-95.
11 Siano, Pierluigi, Isam Shahrour, and Silvano Vergura. "Introducing Smart Cities: A Transdisciplinary Journal
on the Science and Technology of Smart Cities." (2018): 1-3.
12 Mohanty, Saraju P., Uma Choppali, and Elias Kougianos. "Everything you wanted to know about smart cities:
The internet of things is the backbone." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 5, no. 3 (2016): 60-70
13 Khan, Zaheer, Ashiq Anjum, Kamran Soomro, and Muhammad Atif Tahir. "Towards cloud based big data
analytics for smart future cities." Journal of Cloud Computing4, no. 1 (2015): 2.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
needs and requirements of the future world and thus propose the smart application and
services in manner to meet them in future.
Promoting the innovation is another beneficial source of value for the smart city as many
personals can come up with their innovative approaches and innovations those could be
utilized for enhancing the comforts and effortless delivery of the daily operational activities14.
This could possibly lead to the development of new business strategies those could meet the
needs and requirements of the users in manner to support the decision-making and better
decisions.
Real time data collection and processing those could be utilized for considering the best
course of the action for the entire population15. For making the system fast, it is very
necessary to process the real time data collected for further processing and meeting the
objectives of the smart cities.
Some of the following sectors those will be benefitted through the development of the
smart city:
Citizen benefits:
a) Better and efficient city development and planning
b) E-government services delivered to citizens, faster, and at a lower operating expense
c) Development of the local economy16
d) Improved services and productivity
14 Marsal-Llacuna, Maria-Lluïsa, Joan Colomer-Llinàs, and Joaquim Meléndez-Frigola. "Lessons in urban
monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative." Technological
Forecasting and Social Change 90 (2015): 611-622.
15 Puiu, Dan, Payam Barnaghi, Ralf Tönjes, Daniel Kümper, Muhammad Intizar Ali, Alessandra Mileo, Josiane
Xavier Parreira et al. "Citypulse: Large scale data analytics framework for smart cities." IEEE Access 4 (2016):
1086-1108.
16 Allam, Zaheer, and Peter Newman. "Redefining the Smart City: Culture, Metabolism and Governance." Smart
Cities 1, no. 1 (2018): 4-25.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
Waste management
a) Waste to the fuel and energy will be managed efficiently
b) Waste water can be utilized in efficient and wastes can be reduced
c) Reduction and recycling of waste those could be re-utilized for the beneficial purpose17
Energy
a) Green buildings
b) Smart meters
c) Renewable sources of energy
5) Technology
Technology is a crucial part in every aspect of business. Introduction of smart cities
require numerous technologies to be utilized such as implementing smart censors in street
lights and other public places, installing Wi-Fi at public places for people to use and many
more. Usually smart city development consists of three elements18. First being the reuse of
existing systems like broadband networks of mobile, second being re-imagination of present
infrastructure in order to derive extra value. Third is transforming various single-purpose
devices into ones that can be used for multipurpose. This helps in maximizing efficiency.
Some technologies that are utilized for converting a city into smart city are as follows
A) Information communication technology:
The continuous increases in development have resulted in more traffic, more social
inequality and pollution. This has resulted in making an approach to introduce new
17 Ramaswami, Anu, Armistead G. Russell, Patricia J. Culligan, Karnamadakala Rahul Sharma, and Emani
Kumar. "Meta-principles for developing smart, sustainable, and healthy cities." Science 352, no. 6288 (2016):
940-943
18 Firnkorn, Jörg, and Martin Müller. "Free-floating electric carsharing-fleets in smart cities: The dawning of a
post-private car era in urban environments?." Environmental Science & Policy 45 (2015): 30-40.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
technologies and the usage of ICT and innovative methodologies for the purpose of urban
planning19. This tends to assure sustainability and future feasibility in the areas that are urban.
A robust network for communication and a connectivity of reliable IT is very important for
implementing smart cities. Development of smart city depends on the way urban planning is
carried out; it also depends on numerous local conditions. ICT plays a very important role in
the urbanization and how to convert a city into intelligent and smart20. Some important factors
that are essential to consider are development of the broadband networks, using smart agents
and smart devices, development of urban spaces, developing various web based e-services
and applications and opening up of government data. All the mentioned factors would help
the approach of implementing smart city to be successful.
B) IoT
Implementation of smart cities requires IoT as its important part. IoT helps in
enhancing their services, reducing their costs and bring about improvement in interaction as
well as communication among people. IoT helps in various aspects. It helps in creating a
more efficient supply of water; IoT has the ability of transform the approach of citizens to use
water. Smart meters are very helpful for this purpose, they can perform leak detection as well
as data integrity; prevent the loss of revenue because of inefficiency21. It would also help in
boosting productivity by decreasing the time invested in entering as well as analyzing data.
some more ways in which IOT can help in the introduction of smart city are innovative
solution for the congestion faced in traffic, reliability in public transport, building that are
energy efficient, improving public safety and many more.
19 Seshadri, Karthick. "Leveraging Social Networks for Smart Cities: A Case-Study in Mitigation of Air
Pollution." In Smart Secure Systems–IoT and Analytics Perspective: Second International Conference on
Intelligent Information Technologies. ICIIT 2017, Chennai, India, December 20-22, 2017, Proceedings, vol.
808, p. 179. Springer, 2017.
20 Angelidou, Margarita. "Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces." Cities 47 (2015): 95-106.
21 Delmastro, Franca, Valerio Arnaboldi, and Marco Conti. "People-centric computing and communications in
smart cities." IEEE Communications Magazine 54, no. 7 (2016): 122-128.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
C) Sensors
Sensors are considered as the building blocks of smart cities. This is because they
extract data about the important statistics. This also ensures that the city carries out smooth
functioning22. The demand of censors has been increases because the cities have become
smarter. This has resulted in lowering prices and some more significant changes to the
market. Sensors help in monitoring the pollution levels and many more matrices that are
environment related.
D) Artificial Intelligence
Artificial plays as a vital role in implementing smart cities. One of its major uses is
drive time. AI provides adaptive signal control. Driving in the traffic of city is a matter of
time, the amount of time people spend in traffic is much more than the time actually needed
to reach to the destination23. Smart cars by the usage of AI help in reducing the traffic faced
by people on roads. Good traffic flow helps in driving agreeable but it includes tangible
impact in an economical way.
E) Block chain
Block chain can help in implementing the smart cities. Some ways by which block
chain can help the cities are a registry of the local business. A registration system of local
business on block chain can improve the life cycle of an organization from the vey starting to
the end. It provides a 360 degree view of various parties involved in the business. A virtual
storefront for the business. Block chain can help the smart cities in creating integrated results
for a local commerce24. Virtual storefronts for various retailers, restaurants, service providers
22 Belanche, D., Casaló, L.V. and Orús, C., 2016. City attachment and use of urban services: Benefits for smart
cities. Cities, 50, pp.75-81.
23 Anthopoulos, Leonidas G., Marijn Janssen, and Vishanth Weerakkody. "Comparing Smart Cities with
different modeling approaches." In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp.
525-528. ACM, 2015.
24 Van Zoonen, Liesbet. "Privacy concerns in smart cities." Government Information Quarterly 33, no. 3 (2016):
472-480.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
as well as lodging options, they can use block chain as a secured and distributed method. It
helps in transaction among the peers. Block chain helps in trade logistics as well as financial
management, reliable registry for various service jobs, money transfers and payments, smart
contracts, notary services, proof-of-provenance and supply chain communications.
F) Data management through
a) Machine to machine connection:
Machines are responsible for doing various jobs that humans are not able to do. It
helps people in doing complex jobs and makes their life easy. The machine to machine
connection is very important for implementing smart city plan25. This helps in sharing data
among the different machines. It provides data mash up platforms, downstream data flow,
upstream data flow and many more. Machine to machine connection provides wired solution,
they are dedicated cabling between the sensors, wireless capillary solution and wireless
solutions for cellular networks.
b) Data management through machine to people connection:
Connection between the machines to people is very important. The people handling
the machines should know the ways to do so. They should be provided sufficient training
regarding the matter26. The data handling and securing data in the machines should be known
by people using them.
c) Data management through people to people connection:
Data management in order to maintain the connection between people is very
important in implementing smart city. Various organizations need to stay in continuous
25 Mattoni, B., F. Gugliermetti, and F. Bisegna. "A multilevel method to assess and design the renovation and
integration of Smart Cities." Sustainable Cities and Society 15 (2015): 105-119.
26 Ejaz, Waleed, Muhammad Naeem, Adnan Shahid, Alagan Anpalagan, and Minho Jo. "Efficient energy
management for the internet of things in smart cities." IEEE Communications Magazine 55, no. 1 (2017): 84-91.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
contact with people27. This is done by the characteristic of data management which helps
them to stay in contact with common public.
6) Indian model of smart cities and goals:
India has taken a new and innovative initiative of Smart City Mission in order to
boost economic growth as well as helping people live a good quality of life. The future
strategy that would be followed by India for implementing Smart city are Pan-city initiative,
in this initiative at least one of the Smart Solution is implemented city-wide. India has
planned to develop the areas one by one and step by step. They would implement the three
models for area based development. It would carry out retrofitting, redevelopment and
Greenfield. Some core elements of infrastructure are adequate supply of water and electricity.
Sanitation, this includes management of solid waste and many more features.
India has planned to make a total of 100 smart cities. These cities have been divided
among the UTs and states based on their equitable criteria. This planning gives them equal
weight age to the urban population of state as well as the statutory towns in state. Based on
this strategy every state will have a definite number of smart cities. This distribution is
applied for the distribution of funds as well. India has planned to build smart cities in some of
the busy places like Delhi, Kolkata, Pune, Hyderabad, Chennai and many more. It has
planned to carry out the process by implementing the steps one by one. They would
continuously keep a record regarding the changes in the cities people living there, their
lifestyles. Changes would be carried out accordingly.
The expected outcome after implementation of smart city approaches to cities is that
the lifestyle of people in the smart cities would be improved. They would enjoy efficient
27 Viitanen, Jenni, and Richard Kingston. "Smart cities and green growth: outsourcing democratic and
environmental resilience to the global technology sector." Environment and Planning A46, no. 4 (2014): 803-
819.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
transport and communication. People would have to spend less time in traffic, there would be
less number of accidents, and people would be benefited by many more services provided by
the smart city plan. Any mishap would be recorded by the cameras present in the public areas
and many more. People would not lag behind from the usage of certain services like Wi-Fi.
Urban areas have been expected to house a definite percent of India’s population and they are
expected to contribute about 75 percent of GDP by the year 2030. The vision of creating 100
smart cities, most of the people expect the increase in share by 10-12 percent by 2022. As a
result, the developers will get the opportunity of offering new projects in the new smart cities.
This would boost the social, economic and regional infrastructure. One smart city in India is
Bhubaneswar.
7) Market analysis and growth projections
With the increase in global modernization and the rise of IOT and artificial
intelligence gave rise to the global market of the smart city. In 2015 the market evaluation of
the smart city was USD 563.36 billion and from then the market is growing at a speedy rate.
There were several factors that were responsible for the market growth. The factors that
influences the smart city market is dependent on the market of several other market such as
smart car, smart energy consumption and markets of IOT and artificial intelligence is also an
important factor for the smart city market.
The application of smart energy in 2016 increased significantly as compare to energy
consumption in 2015 and it was accounted at 18% value share. It helped to deploy smart city
and smart grid in larger number. In addition to that, some favourable government policies
around the world saw a significant rise in the global smart city market with current evaluation
of around USD 600 billion in 2018. The market for smart security and smart building has also
rise significantly over the years. The current market growth is higher than 23% with respect

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
to 2017 and 20 % over 2016. All this factors have proved to be effective for the current
market growth of Smart city.
As per the current market and global market evaluation the top position is claimed by
the North America with US in the leading position. The market is going to be expanded with
the CGR being evaluated at the 14.5%. Due to the increase in CGR, it is expected that the
smart city market in North America will be evaluated at US$ 750 Bn.
The next top position is claimed by the Asia specific region with the top player being china.
The CGR being 22.6%, the market is expected to grow even faster than the U.S. market. The
market evaluation is likely to be US$ 133 Bn.
The next position is likely to be obtain by the western European market with the
market leader being the U.K., this trend will be followed by the Germany and France. The
CGAR is being expected to be 21%.
Japan is expected to feature in the list as well with a CGAR of over 20%. Other
countries in this list with 18% CGAR are Brazil and Mexico with Mexico being the market
leader with the major market share.
With the rise in global market in the smart city segment, India is not far too behind in
the development. The Indian government has already made an investment of $7.3 billion for
smart city mission. The projects aims to bring smart solutions for improvement of the
infrastructure and the quality of service offered. The projects is currently employed in the
major cities which will be further implemented in the rural areas as well. However the project
is currently in the development phase and will take several years before the project is
successfully implemented as per the plan. The projects contains the following agendas in the
initial plan:
 Smart buildings

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
 Smart infrastructure
 Smart security
 Smart healthcare
 Smart and connected home
 Smart buildings
 Smart transport
Overall the quality of the life and service will be enhanced with this smart city project
once it is completed. In order to bring more speed in the project, several policies have been
launched by the government to promote the development. The projects are to be compete
with the global projects in order to enter into the global market of the smart city that is
growing rapidly. However the projects development is likely to be affected as the market
growth is likely to be shifted due to international as well as national policies and this might
challenge the development of the projects.
8) Business opportunities:
Since, the smart city will be an innovative approach towards the development that can
change the way of living for many targeted stakeholders28. Smart cities and entrepreneurship
has been the stressing topic for the researchers in manner to identify and analyse the factors
those could allow the entrepreneurs to propose their innovative ideas and cover the targeted
consumers in far better and efficient way. The ecosystem of the smart city will be challenging
and dynamic and thus, the entrepreneurs will have to emphasize much on identifying the
opportunities within these sectors in manner to implement innovation and develop a great
business strategy. ICT has been already widely implemented in a network around the world
and so, the innovation can be a bit harder for the entrepreneurs however, speed has been
always the challenging factor and whatever, be the speed high speed will automatically cover
the market and replace slower speed network. For example, the 2G was replaced by 3G, 3G
was replaced by 4G, 4G is being replaced by 5G, previous internet connections are being
28 Li, DeRen, JianJun Cao, and Yuan Yao. "Big data in smart cities." Science China Information Sciences 58,
no. 10 (2015): 1-12.

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Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
transformed into fibre optics, those will be replaced by the Li-FI technology in future, and
many more29. These are the sectors in which an entrepreneur can look opportunities and
develop the innovation that can change the face of the world and a great benefit for the
business opportunities. These could be the widest scope for the entrepreneurs where they can
explore the technologies and make a good opportunity for the development of the business
and better market strategies.
IoT is one of the trending technology that has introduced many automated and
advanced devices those could allow the enhancement in the betterment of the individuals who
are living in the present scenario30. Present application of IoT can be seen in the field of
entertainment and security as many devices are allowing the researchers and the IT specialists
to take care of such application. Present leading companies those are developing the IoT
includes Amazon, Apple, and many others who are becoming the leading selling companies
in this field. The entrepreneurs can use this platform for exploring the opportunities through
developing a product that can meet the present and future scenarios. Integrating IoT with any
other advanced technology can be a boon for the new smart cities that will be allowing the
individuals to avail the best and innovative services.
Sensors have applications more than expectations however, going beyond the
practiced idea is the innovation and thus, it needs to be adhered for building a strong platform
in this opportunity31. Many researchers have claimed that this technology will be the most
applicable technology in future as it will allow building new technologies those could
advance the functioning and operations of the new devices. It has application from cars, cars’
29 Calvillo, Christian F., Alvaro Sánchez-Miralles, and Jose Villar. "Energy management and planning in smart
cities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 273-287.
30 Piro, Giuseppe, Ilaria Cianci, Luigi Alfredo Grieco, Gennaro Boggia, and Pietro Camarda. "Information
centric services in smart cities." Journal of Systems and Software 88 (2014): 169-188.
31 Höjer, Mattias, and Josefin Wangel. "Smart sustainable cities: definition and challenges." In ICT innovations
for sustainability, pp. 333-349. Springer, Cham, 2015.

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garage, parking system, automatic street light system, and many more and it is also being
expected that the wide application will cover the every sector of the world in manner to
automate and allow systems to be real time data processing.
Artificial intelligence is not being utilized in the robots and industry automation rather
it has many applications in the automated car, business operations, decision-making, business
data collection and many more. The present research delivered by amazon, Microsoft, Intel,
and many others are trying to incorporate the artificial intelligence within the existing
operational activities and the technologies in manner to assure the efficiencies and the
effectiveness of the innovation being deployed in the real world32. The entrepreneurs can
utilize this technology for the proper and precise functioning of the business operations in
manner to manage the operational activities in an efficient and effective manner.
Data management is the most crucial function for an organization or enterprise for the
deployment of an efficient and effective output that can meet the needs and requirements of
the present world without altering the products and services being delivered to them33.
9) Case study:
The following case studies are being selected for highlighting the aspects related to
the development and deployment of the smart cities in real world application34. The following
case studies will demonstrate the current trends and ongoing implementation of the practices
within the smart cities and developing the strategies those could allow the government in
developing the betterment and effective strategies.
32 Arasteh, H., V. Hosseinnezhad, V. Loia, A. Tommasetti, O. Troisi, M. Shafie-Khah, and P. Siano. "Iot-based
smart cities: a survey." In Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2016 IEEE 16th International
Conference on, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2016.
33 Yin, ChuanTao, Zhang Xiong, Hui Chen, JingYuan Wang, Daven Cooper, and Bertrand David. "A literature
survey on smart cities." Science China Information Sciences 58, no. 10 (2015): 1-18.
34 Djahel, Soufiene, Ronan Doolan, Gabriel-Miro Muntean, and John Murphy. "A communications-oriented
perspective on traffic management systems for smart cities: Challenges and innovative approaches." IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials 17 (2015).

19
Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
1) Songdo (South korea)
The South Korea made a great achievement in building and transforming Songdo into
a smart city and that can be stated as the more than the expectations that can be imagined by
an individual. The total cost for building the entire city was $40 billion that comprised of the
Incheon free economic zone. The Songdo city is certified to 106 LEED that covers 22 million
square feet under twenty-two projects35. The city has been created and designed to be
Ubiquitous city that can be defined as the establishment of the computers within the buidings
and streets.
2) Masdar (UAE)
This city in Abu Dhabi has already developed and engaged in many projects that
emphasizes on the adoption of renewable source of energy as the integral part of the lives,
smart buildings build with sensors and computer, smart grids, water consumption
management in advanced and automated manner, environmental engineering, energy
planning and policies and electronics those are allowing local community to avail the best
services within the city36. The established city allows the 51% less energy consumption and
hence, saving lots of energy and releasing least waste. Other than this benefit, the established
city uses 54% less portable water as compared to that of the traditional buildings. The
incubator buildings are the biggest achievement that allowing the city to be clean and
pollution free37.
35 Almirall, Esteve, Jonathan Wareham, Carlo Ratti, Pilar Conesa, Francesca Bria, Anibal Gaviria, and Amy
Edmondson. "Smart cities at the crossroads: new tensions in city transformation." California Management
Review 59, no. 1 (2016): 141-152.
36 Tang, Bo, Zhen Chen, Gerald Hefferman, Tao Wei, Haibo He, and Qing Yang. "A hierarchical distributed fog
computing architecture for big data analysis in smart cities." In Proceedings of the ASE BigData &
SocialInformatics 2015, p. 28. ACM, 2015.
37 Khatoun, Rida, and Sherali Zeadally. "Smart cities: concepts, architectures, research
opportunities." Communications of the ACM 59, no. 8 (2016): 46-57.

20
Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
3) Rio de janeiro
The scenario of Rio De Janeiro can be compared to the populated cities in India and
example can be taken on however, such vast population can be managed through advanced
locality management bodies and inviting them to play major roles in the development of the
smart cities38. Rio De Janeiro is one of the most populated city of Brazil that was successfully
able to manage the population through the application of IT stronghold and how these could
be managed inn an efficient and effective manner.
4) Amsterdam
This was the first city in which the concept of the smart city was deployed for the first
time in manner to manage and deploy the necessary smart implementation for the
management of the operational activities. It includes in total more than 170 projects those
have been collaboratively developed by the local residents, businesses, and governments in
manner to manage the automation in an effective and efficient way through interconnecting
the entire city and its daily operations using wireless technology39. Many applications have
been developed that are contributing in the development of smart city through deploying the
smart applications for the management of the daily operational activities. Similar app like
mobypark and others collect the real time data and process them for enhancing the ways of
decision-making in manner to make it precise and accurate and deliver the necessary
outputs40. This initiative also include smart traffic monitoring, energy saving street light
systems, information broadcasts and receiving with high speed.
38 Boulos, Maged N. Kamel, and Najeeb M. Al-Shorbaji. "On the Internet of Things, smart cities and the WHO
Healthy Cities." (2014): 10.
39 Cheng, Bin, Salvatore Longo, Flavio Cirillo, Martin Bauer, and Ernoe Kovacs. "Building a big data platform
for smart cities: Experience and lessons from santander." In Big Data (BigData Congress), 2015 IEEE
International Congress on, pp. 592-599. IEEE, 2015.
40 Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko, Pekka Valkama, and Stephen J. Bailey. "Smart cities in the new service economy:
building platforms for smart services." AI & society 29, no. 3 (2014): 323-334

21
Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
5) Madrid
This is one of the Spain’s pioneering city that has successfully adopted smarter or
intelligent Madrid platform in manner to integrate the services for the management of the
operational activities in manner to meet the needs and demands of the local community41. The
smart city development also includes the management of the infrastructure using the
computerized and sustainable technologies those could be utilized for recycling of the
garbage collected. NSA, IBM, and other IT companies are contributing in the development of
the technologies those can boost this implementation through the application of the Big data
analytics experience and capabilities. “Madrid is considered to have taken a bottom-up
approach to smart cities, whereby social issues are first identified and individual technologies
or networks are then identified to address these issues42.” It also supports the entrepreneurs
and the start-ups those could contribute in the development of the Madrid smart city
approaches.
10) Conclusion
India is one of the developing countries with large population. The growth in
technology allowed many cities of India to avail the best services. Considering the
perspective of the business, it can be stated that it can be a best target for implementing the
smart cities in manner to manage the economic condition and make good profit due to large
population. The smart cities can be helpful in meeting the demands and requirements of the
users and allowing them to avail the automated and much precise services in less effort and
short time. The above report explained the overview, history, and the evolution of the smart
city. Chandigarh and Bangalore are some of the cities those have adopted the smart city
concepts to some extent however, the target can be increased through covering large number
41 Brum, Manoela Rogofski, and Rafael Rieder. "Virtual reality applications for smart cities in health: A
systematic review." In Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR), 2015 XVII Symposium on, pp. 154-159. IEEE,
2015
42 Paroutis, Sotirios, Mark Bennett, and Loizos Heracleous. "A strategic view on smart city technology: The case
of IBM Smarter Cities during a recession." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 89 (2014): 262-272.

22
Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
of cities those could cover more cities and allow them for using the advanced services. The
deployment of the efficient and effective smart city concept will allow the individuals to
accomplish the automated, best and enhanced services in manner to meet their increased
demands. The needs and benefits of the smart city has also been expressed in this report that
can be related to the increased population of India and how it could be managed in an
efficient and effective manner. Most of the regions in India are covered with rural areas those
are not capable of availing the latest technologies and the services being utilized by the cities.
On the other hand, energy is another considerable fact for India that needs to be fulfilled and
it can be done through saving electricity being consumed by the urban population.
Development of smart city will allow India to save almost 40% of the energy being
consumed in city as expressed in the above report and hence, the saved energy can be
transferred to the rural areas. This proposal will not allow in reducing the energy
consumption but it will also allow the India to be more advanced and automated country.
The various technologies have been explained in the above report that can be utilized
for developing the smart cities those could alternatively allow in the betterment and enhanced
services for the local community. It can be recommended to incorporate the IoT and the
Artificial Intelligence should be incorporated within each other in manner to allow the cities
to react on the real time data collected for better decision-making and enhancement of the
livings. These technologies will allow individuals to be more precise and effective for the
management of the daily operational activities and assure that the India saves energy and
water consumption. Indian model being proposed can be effective and efficient strategies for
deploying the suggested information for establishing the smart cities that can meet the needs
and requirements of the users. After analysing the market, it can be stated that there is great
scope of the market in developing the smart cities through deploying the entrepreneurship in

23
Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
manner to implement and execute new and innovative ideas for the establishment of the new
technologies for the development of the smart cities.
This report also explained how entrepreneurship can be implemented for the
development of the cities that can be smarter in a way and manage the daily operational
activities in an automated and much efficient way.

24
Smart Cities and Business Opportunities (Indian Model)
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