Electric Car Impact on UK Golf Repair Firms

This assignment investigates the effects of government policies promoting electric vehicles on small-scale golf car repair businesses in the United Kingdom. It explores the challenges these firms face due to changes in technology and regulations, such as a lack of specialized equipment and training. The analysis also delves into how these firms are adapting to the 'electric revolution' by implementing new technologies, collaborating with suppliers, and upskilling their staff. Ultimately, the assignment aims to understand the impact of electric vehicle adoption on traditional automotive repair sectors.

SME'S CAR REPAIRS ARE PREPARE TO
RESPOND TO THE ELECTRICAL CAR
GOVERNMENTS POLICIES

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that dissertation titled ”To identify how SME car repairs are prepared to respond
to electrical car government policies: A study on Gold car company UK” is prepared by me. It is
my original work by referring other scholars works, books and journals. The complete work has
been done under guidance of professor by following ethical aspects.
Data: (Research student)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank to my professor for their kind support. Without their support I would not be
able to complete this thesis on time. I am grateful to my fellow lab mates and peer group those
who have given their moral support to me. I am extremely likely to have such peer groups, they
were always ready for me to respond to my questions. I must express my gratitude to my parents
for their encouragement and emotional support.

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................7
1.1 Background of the study...................................................................................................7
1.2 Aim and Objectives..........................................................................................................8
1.3 Research Questions..........................................................................................................8
1.4 Rationale of the study.......................................................................................................8
1.5 Significance of the study..................................................................................................9
1.6 Research Model................................................................................................................9
1.7 Chapter structure..............................................................................................................9
2. LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................................10
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................10
2.2 Changes in transportation system and government polices............................................10
2.3 Issues and benefits for SME car repair when by implementing electrical car polices...13
2.4 Response to government policy by small medium car repair firms...............................15
2.5 Summary.........................................................................................................................17
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................18
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................18
3.2 Research philosophy.......................................................................................................18
3.3 Research design..............................................................................................................19
3.4 Research approach..........................................................................................................19
3.5 Data Collection...............................................................................................................20
3.6 Sampling.........................................................................................................................21
3.7 Data Analyses.................................................................................................................21
3.8 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................22
3.9 Validity and Reliability..................................................................................................23
3.10 Summary.......................................................................................................................23
4. RESULT ...................................................................................................................................24
5. DISCUSSION ...........................................................................................................................33
5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................33
5.2 Discussions.....................................................................................................................33
5.3 Implication for future research.......................................................................................36

5.4 Research limitations.......................................................................................................36
6. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................37
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................38
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................41

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Increasing pollution and fluctuation in oil price are the major issue in the nation. Most of the
vehicles consume more than 70% of total import of fuel and oil. In such condition economic
position of the region is getting affected. In order to minimize these problems' government of the
country is promoting electrical vehicles. They have made many electrical car policies for
protecting environment and making economic position sound. Present study discusses changes
occur in transportation system and government policies. It describes issues faced by small size
car repair firms due to modifications in the electrical car policies of the government.
Furthermore, researcher paper describes issue faced by small size car repair firms and benefit for
them due to implementation of these regulations. It explains the measures that have been taken
by these entities to respond to electrical car government policies.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
There are many countries which are facing the issue of increasing pollution. Government
has made strict rules and policies to tackle the pollution. One of the major step that has been
taken by the authorities is introduction of cars with internal combustion engines. E-mobility was
the main concept that was introduced by car makers after passing the environment laws of
government (Bolton, Foxon and Hall, 2016). The concept of E-mobility can be defined as use of
plug- in vehicles. This technology is used in electrical vehicles and other such type of cars that
are environmental friendly. Small sized car repair firms have to face huge difficulties because
with every change in the policies of government, they have to make modification in their
working procedure. By this way, it becomes hard for them to conduct operations smoothly and
earn revenues. Changes in transportation facilities are another big reason that impact on
performance of small medium size firms to great extent. Over a period of time, transportation
industry has grown well and advance technologies have helped this firm in manufacturing of cost
effective vehicles and electrical vehicles (Chiodi and et.al., 2015). Government has introduced
new charging stations and has improved supply of batteries and other equipment’s, this helps
repair firms in smoothly performing their operations. But implementation of these technologies
is costly task for the management of SME's.
High dependency on oil imports and peak oil tendencies have created situation for the
government that to reduce CO2 emission from the environment. For that, government makes
strict laws and electrical car polices for reducing CO2 emission from the surrounding. Electrical
mobility is beneficial for making control over increasing oil prices and control the traffic. Now
government has imposed emission law on each auto mobile firm and it is mandatory to follow
these laws by all car repair firm (Bowen and Fankhauser, 2017). Furthermore, promotion of
CNG vehicles is another big policy of authorities for keeping environment protected. SME's are
trying to give response of all these polices so that these firms can sustain in the market for longer
duration. For that, small size companies are concentrating on electric mobility solutions in which
they can get high results in minimum capital investments. Furthermore, car repair entities are
conducting market research in order to identify needs of consumers. Accordingly, these
corporations are developing strategies through which they can follow electrical car policies and
can fulfil requirement of consumers as well. They motivate their potential buyer to buy electrical

vehicles and experience its ride (Wang and et.al. 2016). They make them aware with the benefit
of electrical car so that consumers get encourage and they purchase such type of vehicles from
the companies. This support in conducting operations legally.
1.2 Aim and Objectives
Aim
“To identify how SME car repairs are prepared to respond to electrical car government policies:
A study on Gold car company UK”.
Objectives
 To explain changes, occur in transportation system and government policies.
 To investigate Issues and benefits for Gold Car Company when by implementing
electrical car polices.
 To explain response to government policy by small medium electrical car repair firms.
1.3 Research Questions
 Explain changes occur in transportation system and government polices?
 What are the issues and benefits for Gold Car Company when by implementing electrical
car polices?
 How the SME's car repairs firms respond to the electrical car governments policies?
1.4 Rationale of the study
One of the main reason of conducting this research is that small medium size entities are
facing issues due to changes in government policies. Now government are concentrating on
electrical cars so that surrounding can be protected. In such condition it becomes very difficult
for the SME's to make changes in existing operations and invest amount in new technologies.
Through this study scholar will be able to identify ways through which small size entities are
responding to electrical car government policies and earning revenues (Winfield and Weiler,
2017). Furthermore, another reason of carrying out the investigation is that it is burning issue
because pollution is increasing in the nation with the rapid speed in such condition government is
taking strict action to control over it. This affects working of small size entities those which
contribute well in the economic development of the nation. This burning issue will enhance
interest of scholar thus, researcher has selected this topic for the study. In addition, there are

huge data available on electrical vehicles, issues for small size entities and how these
corporations are responding to the electrical car policies of government. Thus, researcher can be
available to collect in-depth detail about the topic and will be able to answer research questions
effectively (Chiodi and et.al., 2015).
1.5 Significance of the study
This study will be beneficial for small size car repair firms because by this way they will
get idea about conducting their business as per the current electrical car government policies.
Furthermore, it will be advantageous for other big size car repairs because by this way they will
get to know about new polices and technologies and will be able to design their operations
accordingly so that they can meet with service requirements of client (Bowen and Fankhauser,
2017). Furthermore, it will also be beneficial for other scholars because by this way they will get
to know about brief idea about the topic and in future they will be able to conduct their
investigation on the same topic.
1.6 Research Model
In order to complete this dissertation and answering research questions scholar will take
support of interpretivism philosophy and descriptive research design. It will support in carrying
out qualitative study in effective manner. Furthermore, in the present study researcher will use
primary and secondary both data collection sources. This will support in developing
understanding about the topic and will assist in answering research questions. All qualitative
details will be collected by investigator so that valid results can be obtained.
1.7 Chapter structure Chapter 1 Introduction: This will be the first part of dissertation in which researcher will
give brief overview about the topic and will explain rationale of conducting the
investigation. Chapter 2 Literature review: it is next part of the dissertation in which scholar will
critically review articles of other researches. There are many scholars those who have
conducted study on electrical vehicles and government electrical car policies. Their
articles will support researcher in developing in-depth understanding about subject matter
(Wardle and et.al., 2015).

 Chapter 3 Research methodology: It would be next chapter in which researcher will take
support of various tools and techniques that are helpful in addressing research problems
and getting accurate results. Chapter 4 Results: In this section scholar will analyse the data and will find results on the
topic.
 Chapter 5: Discussions: In the chapter researcher will discuss about the topic on the
bases of literature review and results.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This section will review literatures of other authors on the subject how small medium
enterprise gives response to electrical car policies of government. There are many policies made
by the government to reduce greenhouse emission and each firm gives response to these
regulations in different manner (Mazur and et.al., 2015). Present study will review literatures on
changes in transportation system over a period of time. Furthermore, issues faced by small sized
firms and response given to government policy by small medium car repair firms will be
reviewed in this chapter.
2.2 Changes in transportation system and government polices
As per the view of Geels and et.al., (2017) small and medium enterprises contribute well
in economic development of the nation. It generates employment opportunities in the nation that
assist in improving income sources in the region. Passenger cars play significant role since 20th
century in the transportation industry. Recently many passenger cars are derived from crude oil,
petrol or diesel. United Kingdom is concentrating on producing environmental friendly cars so
that it does not have to be highly depended upon the oil importers and it can keep environment
safe as well. 96% of transportation industry is dependent upon the oil and majority of oil is being
imported from other nations (How well placed is Britain's car industry to respond to the 'electric
revolution', 2017). That is increasing cost of the country and affecting its economic position as
well. Government of UK has taken initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Cars are highly
responsible to increase air pollution. Thus, government has made several policies to
manufactures environmental friendly cars that do not require liquid carbon fuels. United
Kingdom is planning to diversify its energy sources for the transportation industry so that it can
meet with its climate goal and can reduce dependency on oil.

Bolton, Foxon and Hall, (2016) argued that it was challenging situation for the
government of the country that to produce eco -friendly cars, it has been achieved by introducing
the electric vehicles. These are such cars that do not require oil, these run through electricity or
batteries. But initially government has faced many issues because of low level of acceptance,
high prices of electrical cars and poor refuelling stations. At that time investors were not taking
inters in investing their money in manufacturing of electrical cars. On other hand Mullen and
Marsden, (2016) stated that electrical cars were costing less as compare to petrol cars. For
manufacturing of less costly cars and minimizing high dependency on oil companies have taken
support of solar panels. This has helped in generating own electricity and keeping environment
safe and secure.
As per the view of Wang and et.al., (2016) technological improvements have changed the
scenario of transportation industry. Due to use of advance technologies now transportation has
become cheaper, less polluted and more reliable. Transportation industry contributes well in the
economic development for the country. But over a period of time stupendous transformation has
been taken place in this sector. Now fuel and oil cars are transformed and electrical cars in high
demand. Renewable energy revolution is the main aim of the government of the nation. For that
auto mobile sector is working to cut oil bills and reduce carbon emission. Transport minister of
the nation has declared that we are required to move towards alternative of fuel so that
environment can be protected. For reducing cost of the country, government has launched
scheme of faster adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles. For this purpose government of the
nation has set standards and has also provided guidelines so that all car manufacturing firms
adopt these guidelines and manufacture their cars and repair it by using electrical techniques.
Yan, Gu and Li, (2016) stated that government of UK has approved policy of promoting
research and development in electric mobility. Apart from this government has reduced tax
prices on electric vehicles. That encourages car manufacturing firms that to manufacture such
type of products. It is identified that cost of charging batteries are less as compare to combustion
engine. As per the view of Hall and Lutsey, (2017) electrical cars are costly than fuel cars
because batteries enhances costing of the auto mobile products. Apart from this, speed of these
cars is less as compared to other models of cars. Government has announced that auto mobile
companies now have to manufacture electric vehicles. For that, government of the nation has
made electric mobility policy. Recently, authorities have announced incentives for the countries

that are adopting electrical vehicles concepts. In addition, government of UK is working
furiously for making the country a truly electric vehicle nation till the end of 2030. For
promoting electric vehicles in the nation authorities have made several polices. Installation of
electrical conduit and 120V and 240V plugs is the major action of the government that have
changed the transportation system. Government has also announced incentives for plug in
electric vehicles.
According to Winfield and Weiler, (2017) 28% oil is used by transportation system and
23% greenhouse emission is result of transportation industry. Thus, it is the area that government
is looking for minimising GHS emission. That is why, authorities have made champion policies
that supports in increasing adoption rate for the hybrid electric vehicles. Furthermore,
government has reduced tax rates on these vehicles. Next generation cars have benefit to reduce
50% auto mobile tax annually. This policy came into existence from 1 April 2009.
As per the view of Chiodi and et.al., (2015) president of the nation has announced that
now dependency on fossil fuels have been decreased over a period of time and population
understands the necessity of electrical vehicles in the country. Stronger efficiency and high tax
rates on fuel cars have changed the scenario of transportation system significantly. As per the
forecasting of the higher authorities it is estimated that till the end of 2030 there would be more
than 30 million electric vehicles in the regions. Small business has to face huge difficulty
because they have to modify their entire operations whenever government polices gets changed.
This increase costing of these firms and sometimes many manufacturers have to close their
business because they fail to run their operations effectively (How well placed is Britain's car
industry to respond to the 'electric revolution', 2017).
Wardle and et.al., (2015) argued that climate changes, high dependency on oil imports ad
peak oil tendencies have forced the government to reduce CO2 emission. Electrical mobility is
beneficial for making control over increasing oil prices and control the traffic, pollution as well.
Government of the nation now promoting green and quiet cars so that pollution can be reduced
and natural resources can be preserved for longer duration. Improvement of battery technology is
beneficial in designing quality electrical cars that consumes lower cost. In this respect car
manufactures are nor adopting the diversification strategy and involving green technologies for
manufacturing of electrical cars (The Impact of Government Policies on Industrial Evolution:
The Case of China's Automotive Industry, 2006). On other hand, Bowen and Fankhauser, (2017)

stated that car makers nor understand the importance of electrical vehicles and they are investing
in development and promotion of electrical vehicles. But after putting huge efforts still in the
year 2012 only 4606 electric cars were sold in the market.
According to Winfield and Weiler, (2017) UK has faced economic crises situation in the
year 2008-2009. At this time auto mobile industry has faced difficulty because sales volume and
revenues of these firms were getting down. In order to make changes in the transportation
industry government of the nation has introduced accreditation scheme in which authorities have
given information to the manufactures regarding cost saving technologies and switching larger
vehicles to gas engines. Government of the nation has promoted CNG cars. These are different
from LPG vehicles. CNG cars are able to reduce 30% CO2 as compare to diesel vehicles. That is
why concern authorities are promoting electrical vehicles so that environmental conditions can
be improved soon this has changed transportation system to great extent.
2.3 Issues and benefits for SME car repair when by implementing electrical car polices
As per the view of Mazur and et.al., (2015) small medium enterprises have to face huge
difficulties when government makes changes their policies and legislation. Government
continuously work for improving condition of the market and rising economic conditions.
Authorities are aiming to control over the pollution for that they are encouraging electric cars so
that dependency of oil can be minimized and pollution can be minimized. But changes in polices
create issue for the small firm because these small sized firms have to make changes in its
operation that increase costing of the business. Small car repair are having limited financial
resources thus, it is very difficult for them to modify its operations frequently. Whenever
government makes changes in its policies that enhance costing of the business. After that,
company faces difficulty in sustaining in the market for longer duration. Geels and et.al., (2017)
argued that the main issue that are faced by small sized auto mobile companies that frequent
changes in technologies. SME's have to invest such large amount in manufacturing of electrical
vehicles. But improved and advance technologies support these firms in reducing battery cost
and control over operational expenditures. These technologies bring positive change in the
business unit and support the small companies in increasing competitive environment in the auto
mobile industry. Small firms have limited number of customers and these business units’
manufactures cars as per their requirements of clients. In such condition if government alter the

policies, then it becomes difficult for the firms to make their buyers understand the necessity of
changes. It many times decreases sales volume of the organisation.
According to Wang and et.al., (2016) in the recent time people are well aware with the
environmental aspects and they put their hard efforts to keep environment safe and secure. For
this purpose they like to buy electrical cars so that they can contribute in keeping surrounding
protected. Government has reduced tax rates on the electrical cars that increase interest of the
consumers. That is the main reason that all income class people are taking interest in these
vehicles. That is increasing demand of electrical vehicles that gives benefit to the small firms. By
this way revenues of the firms get enhanced and they become able to grow well in the auto
mobile industry. Yan, Gu and Li, (2016) stated that UK is the country where more than 140
million vehicles are running that contributes 30 to 35% in increasing pollution in the nation. That
is the main reason that government of the region is concentrating on electrically connected
mobility mission. For that concern authorities are trying to minimize dependency on oil because
import of oil is harming the economy of the nation to great extent. For this reason small firms are
trying to use electrical batteries and equipment for manufacturing of vehicles. This supports in
attracting new customer and providing cars to the end users at affordable rates. By this way more
people are buying such electrical cars that give positive results to small auto mobile firms.
As per the view of Bowen and Fankhauser, (2017) government is giving licence to new
auto mobile firms for manufacturing more electrical vehicles so that environment can be kept
protected. One of the major issue faced by SME's due to changes in government polices is that
they have conduct market research to understand the process of manufacturing electrical
vehicles. But speed of these vehicles are slow as compare to normal cars thus, people do not take
interest in buying such products. That hampers sales volume and revenues of the business unit to
great extent. The main aim of UK government is to produce all cars with zero emission till the
end of 2050. Manufacturing of electrical cars is completely new process, it requires new
technologies same as car repairs also require batteries and other technique equipment to repair it
properly. It is very difficult for the small sized firms that to change its production lines and turn
it into electric. Use of batteries for manufacturing of electrical cars is the costly process. Due to
use of such batteries' car production plants become expensive.
As per the view of Hall and Lutsey, (2017) emission law has been implemented by the
government that has increased cost of auto mobile industry. Changes in emission law that

affected bottom line of car makers. It has enhanced expenses of the business and affected day to
day automotive operations as well. This has created difficulties for the small firms because they
have limited financial resources and such limited funds it is very difficult for these entities to
conduct their operations easily.
2.4 Response to government policy by small medium car repair firms
According to Wardle and et.al., (2015) government of United Kingdom is continuously
trying to improve environmental conditions. For that authorities are encouraging to manufacture
electrical cars and car repair firms. This change has affected overall operational and
manufacturing process of small firms to great extent But these small sized car repair firms have
taken this as a challenge and they implemented new technologies through which they can design
quality electrical cars. This supports in reducing errors and improving environmental conditions.
Small sized business units have positively accepted these policies and conduct market research.
This supports in understanding benefits of these polices and they have designed products in such
manner that can fulfil needs of consumers. Chiodi and et.al., (2015) argued that government has
reduced tax rates on the electrical vehicles. That is the positive sign for the auto mobile firms
because now they are able to offer low prices products to consumers. That is why they have
implemented new technologies and have started using batteries in manufacturing of cars. This
helped in increasing demand of electric cars and raising sales volumes of small medium
enterprises.
As per the view of Yan, Gu and Li, (2016) government aims to make the country with
full of electrical vehicles rather than gasoline. That is why government is providing their full
support to car makers and repairs so that they can understand necessity of electric cars and can
design such vehicles. In order to respond to these policies small firms are making changes in
their operational process, they hire skilled employees those who are able to design and
manufacture electrical cars. These business units try to develop strong relationship with
consumers so that importance of electronic cars can be communicated to them. It supports in
positively response to government policies and growing well in the market. For achieving the
objective of business unit, small company’s concentrates on needs of the consumers and it
combined both consumers' requirement and government electrical car policies so that it can
sustain in the market for longer duration. Initially small firms face many difficulties because they
were having limited financial resource but government support has helped them in

manufacturing these battery cars and contributing in improving environmental condition of the
nation.
Bolton, Foxon and Hall, (2016) stated that for responding to government polices small
firms are building strong relationship with their suppliers. They have started talking to their
suppliers for getting components of electric cars. Most of the organisations are concentrating on
developing battery swapping technologies so that they can design and manufacture quality
electrical cars for the consumers. They are searching for the many more suppliers those who can
provide them raw material on time and at affordable costs. As per the view of Mullen and
Marsden, (2016) small and medium sized auto mobile firms tries to give proper response to the
electrical car policies of UK government. For that these business units are looking for electric
mobility solutions in which they can get high results in minimum capital investments. Company
is hiring skilled employees those who can work better in the organisations and can contribute
well in giving positive response to the government policies. This assists in making positive
changes in the business units and fulfilling objective of the firm. Mazur and et.al., (2015) stated
that EVSE ownership programs is the best way to response to government electrical polices. It
supports in building extensive charging networks so that electrical cars can be manufactured by
the small firms.
According to Yan, Gu and Li, (2016) automobile industry of the country account 22% in
overall economic development. Small size car repair companies are trying to attract more
consumers and providing them satisfactory products. This fulfil their capital requirements and
they become able to invest amount in the latest technologies through which entity gives proper
response to new government policies. Promotion of electrical vehicles and aware people with the
benefits of these cars is the strategy of small firms that support in encouraging customers in
buying such products. It reduces high dependency on fossil fuel vehicles and minimises pollution
as well. They are implementing strategies of adopting zero emission vehicles in which batteries
are being used, that supports in raising carbon footprint and fulfil sustainable transportation
needs as well. On other hand, Winfield and Weiler, (2017) stated that there are many small sized
firms those which are unable to response to government policies. Because they cannot frequently
make changes in their practices. It increases their cost and it is difficult to spend such high
amount to manufacture cars with power and batteries. In such condition these business units fail
to response to these policies and they close their business soon.

As per the view of Chiodi and et.al., (2015) use of lithium- ion batteries are the reliable
alternatives that increases charging speed of electrical vehicles. Small sized companies are trying
to develop such operational process that can aid in improving their efficiency level and meeting
with the needs of the consumers. Most of the firms are making joint ventures with other auto
mobile firms so that they can get technical support and they can manufacture electrical cars
easily. This is the way through which they response to electrical car government policies. The
main agenda of government is to reduce carbon emission and keep environment safe. Apart from
this oil, fuel cars increasing costing of the nation because movement has to highly depend upon
import of oil products. Electrical cars are able to enhance economic position of the nation and
improving the condition of surrounding as well.
2.5 Summary
From the above chapter, it can be articulated that one of the challenging situation for the
government of the country is to produce eco -friendly cars, it has been achieved by introducing
the electric vehicles. For improving the condition of the nation, authorities have made champion
policies that supports in increasing adoption rate for the hybrid electric vehicles. Small sized
firms are giving proper response to the government policies and they are making changes in their
practices so that they can manufacture electrical cars and can sustain in the market for longer
duration.

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology is the systematic way of carrying out investigation in effective
manner. It deals with range of tools and techniques that support scholar in gathering in-depth
understanding about subject matter and finding accurate results (Ardrey and et.al., 2016).
Investigator has to choose several criteria so that individual can give answers of research
questions. This chapter will discuss about these tools' ad techniques that are being chosen by the
researcher for completing this dissertation on the topic SME car repairs are prepared to respond
to electrical car government policies.
3.2 Research philosophy
Research philosophy can be defined as belief of the scholar about way of gathering
information on particular topic. It is considered as essential part of the study that helps in
understanding nature of the study significantly (di Ruffano and et.al., 2017). It is the over-
arching term that is broadly related with development of knowledge of scholar about the subject
matter. There are several types of philosophies such as positivism, interpretivism, realism etc.
These are applied in different kinds of studies.
Positivism is the type of tool that believes that reality is stable and conducts investigation
from objective point of view. It pays more attention on observations. Predications can easily be
made on the bases of earlier observation and realities. It is highly structured type of technique
and researcher has to involve large samples in the type of studies. It can be applied in both
qualitative and quantitative type of researches (Tracy and Redden, 2015). In the positivism type
of philosophy scholar has to formulate hypotheses and on the bases of testing of hypotheses
results are generated. Positivism continuously work on the bases of quantifiable observations and
on the bases of this, analyses is being done. On other hand realism is another type of philosophy
which is highly related with scientific enquiry. It pays more attention on reality and involves
such data which are really exist in the environment. It is also applies in both qualitative and
quantitative type of investigations. Interpretivism is another type of philosophy that concentrates
more on involvement of human elements in the research (Skalkidou and et.al, 2018). It is much
more subjective and researcher collects real information about the topic. It is applies in
qualitative type of studies and scholar needs not to involve large sample size in the investigation.

In the present dissertation on SME car repairs are prepared to respond to electrical car
government policies scholar has taken support of interpretivism research philosophy. This has
helped scholar in identifying subjective point of view of the topic and gathering in-depth detail
about SME car repairs are prepared to respond to electrical car government policies (Gall, Gall
and Borg, 2014).
3.3 Research design
Research design is another technique of research methodology that is used to measure
variable that are specified in research problems. It is the framework that is used by scholar to
answer research questions. There are several types of designs such as descriptive, experimental,
exploratory etc. Exploratory research design is the type of tool that helps in gathering general
insight about the topic and developing understanding so that scholar can answer research
problems. In this type of tool researcher generally involve open- ended questions for gathering
information about the topic (Sunderland and et.al, 2015). Descriptive research design is another
type of method that emphases on theoretical aspects and provide clear picture about the situation
so that researcher can conduct study in effective manner. Experimental research design is another
type of technique that concentrates on experiments, in this type of study scholar try to change the
situation by doing experiments. In this method scholar pay attention on requirement of the topic
and according involve details so that research questions can be answered easily. Exploratory
research design is the method in which investigator try to explore the areas so that research
problem can be addressed significantly (Nakata, 2015).
In the present dissertation on SME car repairs are prepared to respond to electrical car
government policies researcher has applied descriptive research design. Because by this way
scholar has become able to identify the situation of small size car repairs and become able to
identify their responses (Haydon, Browne and van der Riet, 2017).
3.4 Research approach
Research approaches are the systematic way of answering research questions. There are
two main type of approaches that are used in different type of dissertation: inductive and
deductive. Both these are unique in nature and apply in different type of investigations.
Deductive approach is the method that aims to formulate hypotheses and test these hypotheses in
order to get results. This type of approach concentrates more on causality in order to collect right
information about topic (Clark and et.al., 2017). On other hand, inductive approach is far differ

from inductive approach, in this type of technique researcher focuses on research objective,
question to narrow scope of the research. In this type of method scholar is not required to
formulate hypotheses. Investigator emphasis on generating theories so that research problems
can be addressed significantly. Deductive approach works in top- down direction whereas
inductive approach works in bottom-up direction. Deductive approach is applied in quantitative
type of investigation where individual is required to involve statistical data and have to formulate
hypotheses (di Ruffano and et.al., 2017). These hypotheses then being tested by using statistical
tools. On other hand inductive approach is applies in qualitative studies where scholar needs not
to use any statistical data in to investigation.
In the present dissertation on SME car repairs are prepared to respond to electrical car
government policies researcher has taken support of inductive approach. This has helped the
researcher in taking support of models and theoretical information as well as generating new
theories related to electrical vehicles and response by small size firm on government electrical
car policies (Tracy and Redden, 2015).
3.5 Data Collection
Data collection is the most important part of dissertation; this supports in gathering in-
depth detail about subject matter and finding answers of research problems. There are two main
type of data collection methods: primary and secondary. In the primary data collection, first hand
details are being collected by researcher. The entire data is collected by scholar by own as per the
requirement of situation (di Ruffano and et.al., 2017). All these details have been never used
earlier to the study thus, it supports in gathering authentic information and real results. There are
various tools of collecting primary data. Questionnaire, interview, case studies, observation etc.
are some techniques through which scholar can gather first hand detail about subject matter On
other hand, secondary data collection is another method that helps in collecting already available
data so that researcher can develop understanding about the subject matter (Tracy and Redden,
2015). In the current investigation, researcher can take support of books, journals and internet
articles of other researchers. This supports in getting overview about topic and including these
details into the dissertation as per the requirement of the study.
In the present dissertation, scholar has applied interview technique in order to collect
information about car repair firm and how these entities respond to government electrical car
polices. Apart from this, scholar has also used secondary information; these secondary data has

supported researcher in developing understanding about the topic and giving answers to research
questions (Skalkidou and et.al., 2018). Use of both primary and secondary data collection
sources was helpful in conducting this investigation in an effective manner.
3.6 Sampling
Sampling is the simple process of selecting appropriate suitable samples those who can
help the scholar in finding results. Scholar has to choose some people from entire population
those who are able to give accurate answers on the research questions. There are two main types
of sampling techniques: probability and non-probability. Both these are different from each
other. Probability sampling is the method in which individual have equal chance to be selected as
sample (Nakata, 2015). Non-probability technique is another tool in which no individual get
equal chance of getting selected. In the current dissertation, researcher has taken support of
probability sampling technique. In this, scholar has applied random sampling tool. Researcher
has selected all samples randomly and given them rights to share their views about electrical cars
and how small car repair firms respond to government electrical car policies. This is beneficial
tool in gathering unbiased data about subject matter. That supports researcher in gaining real
facts about subject matter and conducting investigation in right direction. It is one of the simple
ways of gathering information from total population (Haydon, Browne and van der Riet, 2017).
In the current study, researcher has selected 15 experts of automobile industry, those who
have great knowledge about government policies. They are able to give accurate answers on the
topic that how small size electrical car repair companies respond to government electrical car
policies (Clark and et.al., 2017).
3.7 Data Analyses
A data analysis is the evaluation process through which scholar analyses detail
analytically or logically about the subject matter. This supports in examining components and
conducting investigation in an effective manner. Analyses of detail support in finding results and
reaching to the answers of research problems. It is the process or key of gaining an in-sight detail
that reflects decision of the business. There are various data analysis tools that are applied in
different type of investigation (Gall, Gall and Borg, 2014). In the qualitative type of
investigation, researcher takes support of thematic analyses tool. In this type of method,
individual represent the data by using graphs and charts. All these charts then interpret in such
manner so that meaning full results can be obtained. On other hand, in the quantitative type of

researches, scholar takes support of statistical tools to analyses details. For that, researcher
applies SPSS, T-test, chi square test etc. to find the answers of research questions.
In the current dissertation scholar has taken support of qualitative data and entire
investigation has been done in qualitative manner. Thus, researcher has applied thematic
analyses tool for analyses of data (Clark and et.al, 2017). This assists investigator in finding
accurate results and answering to research questions.
3.8 Ethical consideration
Ethics are the standards that are required to be followed by researcher while conducting
investigation in an effective manner. These ethics support researcher in making difference
between right and wrong things so that future complication can be minimised. It supports scholar
in preventing from fabrication of data and promoting right knowledge so that research goal can
be accomplished. This is major element in the dissertation that supports in meeting with research
aim and preventing from errors. It is essential for the scholar to maintain accountability, trust and
mutual respect. This can support in completing dissertation in an effective manner (Sunderland
and et.al., 2015).
In the current study on how SME car repair respond to government electrical car policies,
researcher has followed all ethical aspects and have not breach any rules. Scholar has taken prior
permission from concern authorities so that future complications can be avoided. In addition,
researcher has sent consent form to all respondents. In this consent form, it is maintained that all
answers are ready to share their views and scholar has not forced them. These respondents have
signed this consent form and sent back to researcher. After getting their consent, scholar has
conducted further research (Haydon, Browne and van der Riet, 2017). After that, investigator has
taken their interview and all respondents have given answers on these questions.
Scholar has not copied any material from any unauthorised sites, all the details that are
being used in the current investigation are taken from authorised site. Researcher has not copied
any material from any site, individual has read these articles and has developed understanding
about electrical car policies and how smalls size car repair firms are responding to these policies.
Accordingly, researcher has translated this information in his own words (Ardrey and et.al.,
2016). Researcher has not forced anyone for sharing their views. All details have been kept safe
and secure so that it cannot be misused by any third party. Scholar has paid attention on
maintaining privacy and confidentiality. That has helped investigator in developing trustworthy

relationship with all participants. Researcher has followed all guidelines and there is no issue of
plagiarism. All details that are written in the study are not being copied by the scholar (Nakata,
2015).
3.9 Validity and Reliability
In the present study scholar has taken care of this aspect and has maintained reliability
and validity in the current dissertation. If any other scholar use same instruments then results will
be same. All the data that have been used for the present dissertation are taken from reliable
sources and have validity. Researcher has not used any information from unauthorized site.
Validity can be defined as extent to which researcher has followed scientific research methods to
answers research questions. In any type of researches validity and reliability are essential parts. It
enhances accountability of the research and support in gaining accurate research. Researcher
have applied all scientific methods for this investigation this has supported in gathering accurate
data about the SME car repairs respond to electrical car government policies.
3.10 Summary
Use of interpretivism philosophy, descriptive research design have supported in carrying
out qualitative investigation in effective manner. Use of primary data collection has supported
researcher in gaining practical information about electrical car policies of government and how
SME's respond to these polices.

4. RESULT
Theme 1: Electrical cars have hauling or towing capacity
Yes 7
No 8
Interpretation: From the above data it is analysed that 8 out of 15 respondents have viewed that
electrical cars does not have hauling or towing capacity. Though some cars have hauling
capacity but still this is very low as compare to fuel cars. Furthermore, 7 out of 15 answers have
said that yes electrical cars have towing capacity. Tesla Model X SUV is the great example of it.
From the above discussion it can be interpreted that not all electrical cars have hauling capacity
but some cars have. But maximum towing limit is 2270 kg which is less than fuel vehicles.
Theme 2: Consumers are interested in plug-in vehicles
Strongly agree 3
Agree 9
Disagree 2
Strongly disagree 1

Interpretation: From the above discussion it is analysed that 3 out of 15 answers have viewed
that consumers have interest in plug-in vehicles. Furthermore, 9 out of 15 respondents have said
that they are agreed that consumers have interest in these cars. It is because it is cost effective,
safe and spread less pollution. On other hand 2 out of 15 participants have said that they are
disagreed that people have interest in these cars it is because speed of electrical cars is very low
as compare to fuel cars. From the above discussion it can be interpreted that now people are
more aware towards environment and for their safety thus, they like to buy electrical plug-in
vehicles.
Theme 3: Main benefit of promoting electrical cars
No tailpipe emission and lower life cycle
emission
5
Lack engine noise 3
Low maintenance require 2
Reduce cost of oil, fuel 1
Charging at home is convenient 3
Safe and secure 1

Interpretation: From the above discussion it is analysed that 5 out of 15 answers have replied
that promoting electrical cars is beneficial because in this no tailpipe emission occurred. Whereas
3 out of 15 participants have said that in such vehicles' engine noise is less as compare to fuel
cars. On other hand 2 out of 15 respondents have viewed that these vehicles have low
maintenance cost. 3 out of 15 participants have said that charging at home is very convenient that
makes it better from fuel cars. From the above discussion it can be interpreted that electrical cars
are beneficial because of its lower life cycle emission and changing convenience.
Theme 4: Major problem with electrical cars
No IC engine so high dependence on external
power charging sources
6
Lack of charging stations 4
Poor prediction about how much long term
maintenance require
2
Monitoring battery 3

Interpretation: From the above discussion it is analysed that 6 out of 15 answers have said that
one of the main issue with electrical cars is that no IC engine held in these vehicles thus, driver
has to be dependent upon external power changing sources. Whereas 4 out of 15 respondents
have said that due to lack of charging stations these vehicles can get stopped at middle of the
destination. On other hand 3 out of 15 respondents have viewed that monitoring of battery is
difficult task whereas 2 out of 15 answers have viewed that it is difficult to predict its
maintenance requirements. From the above discussion it can be interpreted that high dependence
on external changing sources is the major problem and due to this car repairs are unable to
identify its maintenance requirements.
Theme 5: Electrical cars are more beneficial from economic and environmental point of view
Strongly agree 5
Agree 7
Disagree 2
Strongly disagree 1

Interpretation: From the above discussion it is analysed that 5 out of 15 respondents have
viewed that they are strongly agreed with the statement that electrical cars are more beneficial
from economic and environmental point of view. On other hand 7 out of 15 answers have said
that they are agreed that these cars are more beneficial because these require no fuel and it does
not harm environment. Whereas 2 out of 15 participants have viewed that they are disagreed with
the point that electrical cars are advantageous from economic and environmental view point.
From the above discussion it can be interpreted that these plug- in cars require no fuel and these
do not spread pollution thus, these are more beneficial than fuel cars. Due to consumption of fuel
and oil prices of vehicles get increased.
Theme 6: Main issue that is faced by Golf car repair firm of UK due to changes in electrical car
government policies
Lack of availability of equipment’s 3
Poor supply of batteries 5
Poor prediction regarding repair requirements
and monitory issues
6
Others 1

Interpretation: From the above discussion it is analysed that 3 out of 15 answers have viewed
that car repairs of UK have to face issues with the promotion of electrical cars. 3 out of 15
answers have viewed that one of the major issue is lack of availability of equipment’s. Due to
changes in government policies car repairs are now required new equipment’s for repairing of
electrical cars such as batteries, other engine material They are unable to get these materials
easily that create problem for their business. On other hand 5 out of 15 respondents have said
that there are limited suppliers of batteries so car repair firms have to face issue because
whenever electrical cars come to their garages then due to poor availability of batteries they feel
unable to repair these vehicles quickly. 6 out of 15 respondents have viewed that monitoring of
these cars is not easy because it is difficult to predict when these cars will require maintenance
next time. From the above discussion it can be interpreted that poor availability of equipment’s
and poor predication regarding maintenance are the major problems faced by the car repair firms
after modifications of government policies.
Theme 7: Small size car repair firms have adequate resources to repair electrical cars
Yes 6
No 9

Interpretation: From the above discussion it is analysed that 9 out of 15 answers have said that
small size car repair firms does not have adequate resources thus, they are unable to repair
electrical cars. On other hand 6 out of 15 participants have answered that yes small size car
repairs have sufficient resources to repair electrical cars. From the above discussion it can be
interpreted that most of the small size car repairs do not have sufficient equipment thus,
whenever electrical cars come to their garage then they are unable to repair it immediately.
Theme 8: Golf repair firm respond to government electrical car policies
Training to staff members about services of
electrical parts
6
Developing relationship with suppliers of
batteries and other equipment
5
Improving service facilities as per the standard 1
Implementing new technologies 3

Interpretation: from the above data it is analysed that 6 out of 15 respondents have viewed that
with the implementation of electrical car government policies small size car repair firms have
started providing training to their staff members so that they can develop their understanding
about manufacturing of these cars and can identify issue in these cars. This supports them in
repairing electrical cars soon. On other hand 5 out of 15 answers have said that after passing
government policies regarding electrical cars all car repairs have started developing relationship
with suppliers of equipment. This supports them in repairing these cars on time and resolving
customer complains. Whereas 3 out of 15 participants have said that implantation of new
technologies was the main strategy of small size car repair firms by this way they become able to
repair these plug- in cars easily.
Theme 9: Major benefits for car repair by implementing new electrical car polices
Cost saving 4
Provide effective services to consumers 3
Reduction in late delivery issue 2
Easy availability of charging stations 6

Interpretation: From the above discussion it is analysed that 4 out of 15 answers have viewed
that after implementation of electrical car policies these small size car repair entities have
become able to reduce their cost. Because material that are used in these plug- in cars are easily
available at low cost. Whereas 3 out of 15 participants have said that after modification in car
policies car repairers have become able to provide quality services to consumers without any
delay. On other hand 6 out of 15 answers have said that government has taken step of increasing
changing station thus, these electrical cars can be charged at any place so chances of serious
damage to engine can get reduced.

5. DISCUSSION
5.1 Introduction
In this chapter researcher will take support of above study literature review and results
section. On the bases of these sections critically discussion will be done of how SME car repairs
are prepared to respond to electrical car government policies.
5.2 Discussions
Government is continuously working for improving condition of the nation, it is working
for protect environment by promoting electrical or hybrid cars. As normal vehicles consume high
amount of oil and fuel. Changes in fuel prices increase cost of cars in such condition UK has to
import large amount of oil and fuel from other countries. Payment of these material enhance
burden on the nation and affect its economic position to great extent. Due to increasing
consumption of vehicles now government has planned to promote electrical cars. These are such
vehicles that run without oil or fuel. For promoting these cars authorities have made new policies
and have modified existing regulations so that mass audience can start using such vehicles and
can contribute well in making economic position source and keeping environment safe and
secure.
It has been announced by the government that till the end of 2040 all petrol and diesel
cars will get ban, automotive industry requires time to get adjusted according to these
modifications. Federal government has provided funds to the industry for development of plug -
in electrical vehicles. Many of the industry experts have applied science and engineering
research for development of these cars. Over a period of time transportation industry has been
developed. Now government has made many charging stations so that electrical cars can be
charged at external places easily. Many small size car repair firms have to face many difficulties
initially when government has made changes in the electrical car polices. One of the major
problem that have been passed by them that car repair firms were not having adequate
knowledge about electrical vehicles and their equipment. In such condition it was very tough for
them to repair these vehicles. Apart from these as these repair entities were operating their
business at small scale thus, they are having limited financial and non-financial resources.
These electrical vehicles require low maintenance as compare to conventional vehicles.
Manufactures are designing these cars by taking safety points in the mind. These plug in hybrid
(PHEV's) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEV) are made up with internal combustion engines.

As batteries and associated electronics are being used in its manufacturing thus, these cars
require low maintenance. Whenever any electrical car comes to the car repair firm then repairers
require fewer fluids to change and small repairing requires. It is because there are few moving
parts as compare to conventional cars and as in this regenerative braking system is used thus,
brake wear is reduced. So, there is less chance to get damage thus, these cars require low
maintenance.
But changes in electrical car polices have created trouble for the small car repair firms
because battery maintenance is very difficult. Firstly, batteries are not available in the market
adequately. Apart from this, small car repair firms do not have much contact with big suppliers
to get batteries. In such condition they get failed to repair these cars on time. These electrical
vehicles require advance batteries. Apart from this, due to lack of charging stations batteries get
damaged soon. In such condition it is very difficult for the small size car repair firms that to
predict that when these cars will require maintenance next time. In the fuel cars repairers are able
to predict the fixing requirement in the cars by looking at its oil, engine conditions. But in hybrid
or plug- in vehicles it is difficult to say anything about its maintenance. Apart from this it is
difficult for repairer to examine the fault in the car. In the year 2001 it was found that 0.003%
batteries were failed after that manufacturers start offering warranties for EV and PHEV
batteries.
Though, now consumers are more interested in the electrical vehicles because these are
cost effective and economically affordable. These vehicles spread no pollution thus, it helps in
keeping environment protected. Charging at home is very convenient option in the electrical cars
so drivers need not to go outside for changing these cars. Government has made emission laws
and after that most of the repairers start promoting electrical cars. They start giving training to
their staff members about equipment requires in the electrical cars so that employees can identify
fault in the vehicles. Government is providing funds for the development of this industry so that
manufacturer design such type of hybrid cars and contribute well in the development of the
nation. These funds are being utilized in making many charging stations and organizing training
sections for the repairers or other manufactures. So that they can get knowledge about each part
of the vehicle and can examine the fault in the car easily. Authorities are working for providing
batteries to the small size care repair firms so that they can repair these vehicles easily.

Many environmental policies, procurement policies have been made by the concern
authorities in order to promote electrical cars. Clean air laws and regulations, carbon reduction
plans, clean power generation policies, GSA regulations, bilk purchase discounts etc. several
laws have been made by government of nation so that electrical cars can be promoted. In such
condition many manufacturers are not redesigning their cars and now they are focusing more on
designing electrical or hybrid cars that can protect surroundings. Small size car repair firms have
limited consumers but due to changes in electrical policies or transformation of fuel vehicles into
electrical cars have increased burden on the small size car repair entities. Because it is the
estimation that till the end of 2030 there will be only 10% to 18% electrical vehicles in the
market. That means number of customers of these firms can get reduced that can affect these
corporations economically. Apart from these equipment of these hybrid cars such as batteries,
engine are costly that is difficult to afford by small size repair organization. Government is
paying attention on expansion of plug- in vehicles but limited supply of electricity increase
trouble for the repairers. Project house of UK is continuously working for providing electro
mobility solutions. Most of the car manufacturers companies believe that it can enhance
competence and can promote efficient urban mobility.
As government is putting hard to promote these vehicles and encourage people to buy
these cars. For that now it has reduced cost of hybrid cars and it is developing more charging
stations. Authorities are making efforts for providing equipment to all manufacturers and
repairers. This enhances selling of plug-in cars to great extent. This has created positive situation
for the small size car repair entities because now they are able to develop strong relationship with
suppliers. To respond to government electrical car policies these small size repairers are
developing relationship with their suppliers. It fulfils their equipment requirements. By this way
they are able to resolve issues in the vehicles. Government has reduced cost of batteries and has
increased its supply by this way now everyone can afford these batteries at affordable rates and
at convenient places. In addition, these company’s garages are organizing training sections for
their employees, so that they can treat consumers well and can develop better understanding
about the subject matter. These repair entities are now improving their service standards so that
they can respond to electrical car government policies and can run their business smoothly.
Furthermore, these corporations are now continuously working on implementing new
technologies so that they can identify issues in the electrical cars and can repair it quickly.

Though, it is very difficult to predict maintenance requirement in these plug- in vehicles because
by looking at batteries it is very difficult to identify when these parts will require servicing next
time. So, difficulty faces by many car repair firms but due to implementation of new
technologies and developing relationship with suppliers these entities are trying to respond to
electrical car government policies.
5.3 Implication for future research
In the future other scholars can conduct study on the same topic a can pay focus on
specific area in electrical cars. Researcher has scope to carry out investigation on need of
electrical car policies in the market. Furthermore, government contribution for promoting hybrid
cars and how companies can get benefit from these polices. In addition, researcher can conduct
study in the future on government tax policies in respect to electrical cars and entire study can be
done on car manufacturers rather than car repair firms. Researcher can conduct quantitative study
in the future on the same topic. This will support in giving new direction to the investigation.
5.4 Research limitations
While conducting the investigation researcher had to face many limitations, one of the
major issue that have been faced by scholar was limited time. In such short duration it was
difficult to formulate correct aim and objectives, collect data and draw valid conclusion. But due
to proper scheduling and effective planning scholar has become able to complete the dissertation
on time. In addition, it was quite difficult topic because there were so many things were involved
such as ca repairs working, government policies related to electrical cars and how small medium
enterprises respond to these policies. Scholar had to look at each these aspects individual thus,
collection of data was the difficult task but due to having good research skill researcher has
completed this study within given period of time.

6. CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be articulated that increasing oil prices has affected
economic position of the nation to great extent. Apart from this, vehicles are increasing pollution
to great extent. It is harmful for human being and surrounding as well. High dependency on oil
imports and peak oil tendencies have created situation for the government that to reduce CO2
emission from the environment. For that, government makes strict laws and electrical car polices
for reducing CO2 emission from the surrounding. Electrical mobility is beneficial for making
control over increasing oil prices and control the traffic. Now government has imposed emission
law on each auto mobile firm and it is mandatory to follow these laws by all car repair firm.
Research and development in electric mobility is another area on which government of the
country is paying attention. For encouraging people to buy such cars government has reduced tax
prices on electric vehicles. That encourages car manufacturing firms that to manufacture such
type of products. These plug- in vehicles consumes less cost of charging batteries are less as
compare to combustion engine.
Electric mobility policies have created pressure on all manufacturer and the firms that are
operating in auto mobile industry and now they are forced to work with electric vehicles. In
order to respond to these government electrical car policies small size car repair organization are
making changes in their operational process. They hire skilled employees those who are able to
design and manufacture electrical cars. These business units try to develop strong relationship
with consumers so that importance of electronic cars can be communicated to them. It supports
in positively response to government policies and growing well in the market. For achieving the
objective of business unit, small company’s concentrates on needs of the consumers and it
combined both consumers' requirement and government electrical car policies so that it can
sustain in the market for longer duration. Small size car repair firms are developing healthy
relationship with suppliers and are giving training to their employees so that they can understand
the working of electrical cars and its parts and can repair these vehicles easily.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Ardrey, J. and et.al., 2016. The Cooking and Pneumonia Study (CAPS) in Malawi: a nested pilot
of Photovoice participatory research methodology. PloS one. 11(6). pp.e0156500.
Bolton, R., Foxon, T. J. and Hall, S., 2016. Energy transitions and uncertainty: Creating low
carbon investment opportunities in the UK electricity sector. Environment and Planning C:
Government and Policy. 34(8). pp.1387-1403.
Bowen, A. and Fankhauser, S., 2017. 7. Good practice in low-carbon policy. Trends in Climate
Change Legislation. pp.123.
Chiodi, A. and et.al., 2015. Energy policies influenced by energy systems modelling—case
studies in UK, Ireland, Portugal and G8. In Informing Energy and Climate Policies Using
Energy Systems Models (pp. 15-41). Springer, Cham.
Clark, J. and et.al., 2017. Transformation in interdisciplinary research methodology: the
importance of shared experiences in landscapes of practice. International Journal of
Research & Method in Education. 40(3). pp.243-256.
di Ruffano, L. F. and et.al., 2017. Research waste in diagnostic trials: a methods review
evaluating the reporting of test-treatment interventions. BMC medical research
methodology. 17(1). pp.32.
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P. and Borg, W. R., 2014. Applying educational research: How to read, do,
and use research to solve problems of practice. Pearson Higher Ed.
Geels, F. W. and et.al., 2017. Sociotechnical transitions for deep
decarbonization.Science. 357(6357). pp.1242-1244.
Hall, D. and Lutsey, N., 2017. Literature review on power utility best practices regarding electric
vehicles.
Haydon, G., Browne, G. and van der Riet, P., 2017. Narrative inquiry as a research methodology
exploring person centred care in nursing. Collegian.
Mazur, C. and et.al., 2015. Assessing and comparing German and UK transition policies for
electric mobility. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. 14. pp.84-100.

Mullen, C. and Marsden, G., 2016. Mobility justice in low carbon energy transitions. Energy
Research & Social Science. 18. pp.109-117.
Nakata, Y., 2015. Insider–outsider perspective: revisiting the conceptual framework of research
methodology in language teacher education. International Journal of Research & Method
in Education. 38(2). pp.166-183.
Skalkidou, A. and et.al., 2018. Systematic misclassification of gestational age by ultrasound
biometry: implications for clinical practice and research methodology in the Nordic
countries. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.
Sunderland, N. and et.al., 2015. 1000 Voices: Reflective online multimodal narrative inquiry as a
research methodology for disability research.Qualitative Social Work. 14(1). pp.48-64.
Tracy, S. J. and Redden, S. M., 2015. Drawings as a visual and creative qualitative research
methodology in organizations.Handbook of qualitative organizational research: Innovative
pathways and methods. pp.218-236.
Wang, S. and et.al. 2016. Predicting consumers’ intention to adopt hybrid electric vehicles: using
an extended version of the theory of planned behavior model. Transportation. 43(1).
pp.123-143.
Wardle, J. and et.al., 2015. The provision of public recharging infrastructure for Electric
Vehicles in the UK–is there a business case?. InEVS28 Int. Electr. Veh. Symp. Exhib (pp.
1-12).
Winfield, M. and Weiler, S., 2017. Institutional diversity, policy niches, and smart grids: A
review of the evolution of Smart Grid policy and practice in Ontario, Canada. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews.
Yan, X., Gu, C. and Li, F., 2016, October. Value quantification of electric vehicle response on
network investment in the UK. In PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference
Europe (ISGT-Europe), 2016 IEEE (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Online

How well placed is Britain's car industry to respond to the 'electric revolution', 2017. [Online].
Available through <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/07/26/placed-britains-car-
industry-respond-electric-revolution/>
The Impact of Government Policies on Industrial Evolution: The Case of China's Automotive
Industry, 2006. [PDF]. Available through
<https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/38511/154715433-MIT.pdf?sequence=2>

APPENDIX
Name
Age
Email ID
Does electrical cars have hauling or towing capacity?
 Yes
 No
Do you think that consumers are interested in plug-in vehicles?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
What is the main benefit of promoting electrical cars?
 No tailpipe emission and lower life cycle emission
 Lack engine noise
 Low maintenance requires
 Reduce cost of oil, fuel
 Charging at home is convenient
 Safe and secure
What is the major problem with electrical cars?
 No IC engine so high dependence on external power charging sources
 Lack of charging stations
 Poor prediction about how much long-term maintenance require
 Monitoring battery
Do you think that electrical cars are more beneficial from economic and environmental point of
view?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

What is the main issue that is faced by Golf car repair firm of UK due to changes in electrical car
government policies?
 Lack of availability of equipment
 Poor supply of batteries
 Monitory issues
 Others
Does small size car repair firms have adequate resources to repair electrical cars?
 Yes
 No
Do you think that government policies related to electrical cars such as emission law etc. are
effective?
 Yes
 No
How Golf repair firm respond to government electrical car policies?
 Training to staff members about services of electrical parts
 Developing relationship with suppliers of batteries and other equipment
 Improving service facilities as per the standard
 Implementing new technologies
What is the major benefit for car repair by implementing new electrical car polices?
Cost saving
 Provide effective services to consumers
 Reduction in late delivery issue
 Easy availability of charging stations