Social Policy: Significant Landmarks and Ideological Changes

Health and Social Care
Unit Title and Number: Social Policy Unit 7
1

2

Social Policy
This coursework introduces the study of social policy which demonstrates in the
study of social services, the welfare states, generally studies the relationship
between social welfare to politics, society and also considers the following ideas
I. Administration and policy of social services such as housing, health,
education, income maintenance, and social work
II. Delivery of standard welfare (Barusch, 2017).
III. uses needs and issues affecting the services such as disability, old age,
poverty, health, and family
Task 1.1 Significant contemporary and historical landmark in
social policy
Major social events that shape British welfare policy from 1900 to 1945 were very
significant landmarks in the people living in Society after the abolition of old poor law
that lasted over 350 years in the UK various programs were launched in order to
improve standards of living.
These policies include following in chronological order
origins of the state welfare 1940s five" giant evils" that plagued the society was
identified these are wants/needs, diseases, ignorance, idleness, squalor by a senior
civil servant, in December 1942 named William Beveridge.
Introduction of insurance act 1946 which was established by the British act of
Parliament that promote Social Security
➢ National Health Service was introduced in 1948 making provision for a
complete range of free medical service and poor law which helped in making
and framing the scale through which the health services can be provided to
the individuals (Roberts and et.al., 2021).
3

➢ 1971 was the introduction of invalidity benefits (IVB) which was replaced by
reform incapacity benefit (IB) in 1995 which initiated the aspect and the details
in which incapacity benefit (IB) were introduced.
➢ 1972 was the proposal for tax credit schemes and tax credit was a
conservative policy which was implemented for the general public and this
helped in making and gaining the scale through which tax credit schemes are
known.
➢ 1975 witnessed the social security pension act state earnings-related pension
(SERPS) to relate and provide the private pension schemes that are more
applicable to the pensioners and processes the scheme of pension by making
it more profitable (Centeno-Cruz and et.al., 2017).
➢ 1976 was the introduction of new parent law where tax free child policy,
became came place in 1977-1979 which replaces taxable allowances aspects
and social security to be evolved under control. This scheme for one parent
tax – free child benefit helped the parents in providing them benefits at large
scale.
➢ 1980 witnessed Education Act is education authorities decided to make
provision for schools, also National motivational guidelines and forced rates
were abolished. With the help of this Education Act, provisions made for the
school helped in the authorities and the students follow the guidelines being
published. Along with this, the guidelines for the National Motivational
guidelines were being created and identified at large scale.
➢ in 1984 basic income research group was inaugurated which involve a group
of academics that found idea Of unconditional basic income support in the
mid of the nineteenth century in order to alleviate poverty. This helped in
knowing the scale of poverty and help was being provided to the poor people
who were involved in the process.
➢ In 1991 child support act comes in existence by UK government to enforce
the process that all parents that are liable to pay child support for their
partners. And this helped in acknowledging the child support act which
became the existence by the UK government (McCarthy-Cotter, 2019).
➢ in 1992 disability living allowance also came into government practice and it
consists of care and mobility components of the individuals who are in need of
care and support.
4

➢ In 2001 Children tax credit was established in order to support single parents
which helped in providing the scale through which all possible facts and
knowledge is being gathered so that the support is being provided to the
single parents (Crandall-Hollick, 2018).
➢ 2003 witness the amalgamation of the various taxes which are: The child tax
credit (CTC NV), highly essential tax and working tax credit (WTC) known for
evolving towards recent working criteria demands. The law replaces working-
family tax credit (WFTC) working, Children tax credit (CTC) and Disabled
Persons tax credit (DPTC). This amalgamation became very helpful in
promoting the values and benefits which created the basis of tax credit.
➢ 2006, Structure and the system government white paper security reforms for
UK pensioners was also adopted for the pensioners which helped them in
providence of the pension.
➢ Welfare reforms bill 2008 a system to support and improve the benefits
system an incentive to move people from benefit into work. This welfare
reform bill initiated the progressive patterns which were to be followed at large
scale (Altman and et.al., 2018).
➢ 2013 universal credit Cayman to replace the working and child tax credit.
Care Act 2014 was introduced and that represented an important milestones
in the provision of care for both health and social care. Therefore, health and
social care are the major concerns now a day’s which helps in assembling all
the important factors and aspects in a very appropriate form (Feldon, 2017).
➢ 2015 introduction of immigration health surcharge by the NHS which
increases from £200 to £400 and still soaring.
➢ 2016 UK residents voted to exit the EU which made the realization of whole
of the process at large scale.
Task 1.2: Changes in the ideological approach since 1945
impacting contemporary social policies
The Labour Party was a socialist party that came into power by the 1945 general
election with promised that the party will control the economy mostly the
manufacturing industry, the party's manifesto pledged nationalisation of fuel and
5

power Industries, the Bank of England, iron, and steel and inland transport, all these
could not be denied with the majority or more than 150.
Major industries were turned to the public sector and are subject of nationalisation
such as coal mines where pit owners employed a million men, the new national coal
board which was seen as a humanitarian institution. British Railways also take over
the old regional semi-private networks to control unreliable crowded trains, crumbling
statistics.
The era of conservative recovered in 1951 which led to another 13yrs of their
government, where various ideas were also implemented such as the collapse of
the post-war settlement, 1964-1979 as both major parties agreed to entry of
European Community greater degree of state intervention was involved in the
economy, recasting industrial relations and income controls which caused great
havoc to the government authority (Aldawood and et.al., 2019).
Thatcherism 1979-1990 first British Prime Minister who resolved the deep-rooted
issues of the states outside the parameters of a post-war settlement with One
Nation
Conservatism which was the practice of Churchill and MacMillan. Margaret
Thatcher promotes spread ownership of a Britain where immigrants and foreigners
are given right to invest in the growing economy so as to enjoy a sense of belonging
and also encouraged a various class of British people to become property-owning
democrats and capital-owning democrats. There was total social change at the end
of the 20th century (Fielding, 2020).
1990-2001 New Consensus impact of division on Europe and economic policy in the
90’s lead to the fall of Thatcher Legacy and brings in Tony Blair after renamed his
party New Labour Party and adopted some of Thatcher’s ideology of post-war
consensus, which are:
❏ Industry and public utility nationalisation
❏ National Health Service Act came into existence in 1946
❏ full employment
❏ National Insurance these came as an act in 1946
❏ introduction of nuclear weapon (Quinton, 2017).
❏ Social security i.e. the family allowance 1945
❏ Provision of total welfare for all
6