Social, Political & Environmental Issues in International Healthcare

SOCIAL, POLITICAL &
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES IN
INTERNATIONAL
HEALTHCARE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY........................................................................................................................................3
PART- A...............................................................................................................................................3
General description of CHD, its symptoms and global presence.......................................................3
Numberson global prevalence of CHD..............................................................................................4
The way CHD can be diagnosed and it criteria..................................................................................4
Diseases management........................................................................................................................5
Health concepts and definition with various stages in the progression..............................................5
PART- B................................................................................................................................................6
1) Impact of international, economic environmental and political issue on diagnosis.......................6
Prevalence and management of CHD in one developing country......................................................6
Task B...................................................................................................................................................7
Aetiology and assesses the prevalence of CHD in developing country and developed country.........7
Strength and weakness of global strategies against the Coronary heart disease.................................8
Task C...................................................................................................................................................9
Reflect the responsible global citizenship..........................................................................................9
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Coronary Heart Disease tends to develop when cholesterol start building up on the
artery wall thereby creating plaques thus it lead arteries to narrow. It reduces effective
circulation of blood to the heart so a clot that causes obstruct in flow of blood may lead in
serious health problem. This report has covered crucial information pertaining to risk factors
of coronary heart diseases, its key features and definition of health in context of stage of
progression chronic diseases. The second part of report has covered impact of international,
economical and politics on diagnoses, strength and limitation of global strategies used by
world health organisation. The last task is reflection that states about the understanding of
responsible global citizenship, appropriate intervention and healthcare facilities need to be
provided to people for their better health and well-being.
MAIN BODY
PART- A
General description of CHD, its symptoms and global presence
In United Kingdom as well as in worldwide, the main cause for death of number of
people is due to Coronary health diseases. These diseases are mainly caused due to building
of plaque that is waxy substances present inside the lining of larger coronary arteries. This
disease leads in partially or total blockage of blood flow in large arteries of heart thereby
causing several adverse health problem to individuals (Tayefi and et.al., 2017). Arteries are
responsible for carrying oxygen and bloods to heart so these diseases lead in harden the
arteries that result in number of deaths. Furthermore, if the arteries get narrow that the heart
does not receive sufficient oxygen rich blood generally while doing any physical activities.
The symptoms of having Coronary health diseases are as follows:
 Likewise the CHD lead to angina thus having pain in the chest that is linked to heart
diseases.
 The person feels much tired and sick that is nausea or like fainting.
 Shortness of breath due to reduction in amount of oxygen provided to individual.
 Pain throughout the body
 Swelling in ankles, stomach, leg and vein

 Sweating with fever.
Numberson global prevalence of CHD
Coronary Heart Disease are leading cause for global mortality rate and disability
people in the society and it is health risk to around 204 countries and territories since 1990 to
2000. The statistics states that the three –fourth of global death in low and middle income
countries mainly occur due to CHD. The rates of CHD varies across developing countries but
it is estimated that around 30% death across worldwide is due to CHD only (Mossavar-
Rahmani and et.al., 2019). Moreover from the study it has been identified that global
prevalence of CHD was around 154 million in 2019. In USA, there are 7.6% of men and
5.0% of women that are suffering from problem of Coronary Heart Disease globally.
Likewise around 1.95 million of death occurs in Europe in each year thus it is estimated that
around 1 out of 5 men and 1 out of 6 women die because of this diseases. Therefore, it can be
stated that both developed as well as underdeveloped companies are suffering from CHD
health problem in current scenario.
The way CHD can be diagnosed and it criteria
There are different method that could be used to diagnosed the Coronary Heart
Disease such as various test are conducted in order to the health condition of the patient.
Likewise, blood test of patient is conducted as diagnoses that help in checking the level of
cholesterol, sugar and lipoprotein that are sign of inflammation. Coronary calcium scan test
it helps in understanding the amount of calcium that is present in the wall of coronary
arteries. It also contributes in understanding risk of people that smoke or not have any heart
symptoms (DeBoer and et.al., 2017). Furthermore another diagnosis of Coronary Heart
Disease is electrocardiogram that helps in determining the actual heart rhythm of the patient
whether it is steady or irregular. This test is used to record time as well as strength of
electronic signal when they pass through heart. Stress test is also one of the diagnosis that is
used to check the way heart work of an individual during physical stress thus it helps in
detecting the overall blood flow from muscle to heart muscle.
CHD in context of aetiology and its risk and cause factors
Injury and damage to inner layer of coronary artery are main cause of Coronary Heart
Disease in particular individuals, sometimes even in the childhood. As this damage lead fatty
deposit of plaque that build up injury site. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol,