Contemporary Perspective of Learning and Development

Running Head: Learning and development 0
Contemporary perspective of learning and development
SOCIALIZATION
7/13/2018

Learning and development 1
INTRODUCTION
Socialization refers to the process by which an infant of human organism remoulds
into a social person, a person who is capable of being interacting with others. Transformation
of a child is a very complex process that can be achieved through proper socialization of a
child. There are various kinds of activities for which socialization is required -carrying on a
conversation; forming affectionate links; participating in many organizations, such as
classroom, a social club, a peer group, in a shop or office. Socialization includes the teaching
of various skills to an individual, teaching of ethics and ethos of individual’s nation,
behaviour pattern, values. Socialization is the transformation of one generation to another
(Berns, 2015).
Socialization is carried out by many persons in our life these are, agents, peers,
groups, family, and others. Each of them has a different socialization impact on our life, all of
these carried out a child in a different way. Socialization starts from adolescence stage of
one’s life and continues till adulthood (Handel, 2011).
AIMS OF SOCIALIZATION
There are mainly six aims of socialization further elaborated below.
Develop self -concept:
Self-concept is all about perception of a child or an individual towards own, everyone
has their own identity and beliefs distinct from others. Attitudes and expectations of a person
build personality. Self-concept in an individual starts developing from the early age and last
until adulthood; it includes trust, intimacy, enjoyment, and many more (Very well mind,
2017).
Enable self-regulation:
This aim of socialization focuses on the ability to control one’s compulsion, behavior,
emotions, feelings, until and unless there is a right place and time to express them. (Simply
psychology, 2008). Self-regulation can be interpreted as the routing of our emotions through
our brain while acting on any situation around. It is all about to control frustration or able to
tolerate. Through real experiences in his/her life a child can learn, how to control emotions,
feelings and express them according to the situation prevailing, at the same time he/she also
developed strategies to deal with the frustration and anger (Responsible home schooling,
2016).
Empower Achievement:
As we know that socialization plays a very important role in the development of a
child, it also furnishes goals for our adulthood. It also provides grounds for a child to act in
all of his generations. Various skills are also provided by the socialization one of them is the
motivation that is required by an individual to flourish in his/her life; socialization also better
explains the concept of right and wrong, success, and failure.

Learning and development 2
Teach appropriate social rules:
Everyone wants to be the part of some group, family, club and many more, so to be
the part of these one has to have social rules that plays very important role in becoming well
acquainted with them, and an individual possess some features that leads to complements the
particular group. A person in his life plays various roles throughout his journey like, child,
sibling, partner, friend, mother, father, colleagues; therefore, a person requires social rules
that make an individual a perfect social animal.
Implement developmental skills:
Skills that are provided by socialization are based on the culture of a country, as US
has different culture and Australia has different culture and many more. Mainly there are two
types of skills provided by socialization, one is emotional, and another is cognitive.
Emotional skills consist of controlling of frustration, dealing with anger. Cognitive skills
include reading, writing, reasoning, problem solving. Socialization is extremely crucial for
the development of a child; development of a child requires values, morals, and attitudes. If a
child is introvert or extrovert, it is the result of socialization only, good socialization results in
better transformation of a child, on the other hand bad socialization results in untransformed
child.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
Agents of socialization plays a very important role in building a child into socially
accepted person, these agents of socialization teaches various values to the child, and these
values helps in becoming a social person, they teaches a child in such a way that is acceptable
in society.
Following are the key agents of socialization
Family:
Family of a child shares a most intimate bond that is why family is the first agent of
socialization. Family teaches love and affection, way of interaction and all of the values that
are expecting from a child (Family socialization, 2011).
Peers:
After the family of a child, who shares intimacy are the colleagues or peers, child
spend most of his/her time with peers. Same age factor of peers makes the child more
comfortable and attracted to learn what they do or teaches, peers socializes in specific way
that are expected from a person of such age group (Sociology discussions, 2018).

Learning and development 3
Educational system:
Educational system of a child plays a very crucial role in socialize a child; school of a
child is another place where he/she can learn values. Nowadays schools teach a child about
societal issues, environmental issues, political issues and many more. Knowledge of
environmental issues helps in generating concern about environment, further he/she can also
aware someone about environment, so education system of a child makes him aware about
what is happening in society in surroundings.
Media:
Media is the ultimate source of socialization of the child; it makes a child aware
about the public. Characters in television programs, ads, attracted a child to mold him/her in
the same way, as they watch them acting. Media helps in shaping the way of child.
Religion:
Apart from all the above agents of socialization religion is the very important agent
that plays a very significant role in the lives of child, the society develops the sense of
secularism by minimizing the role of religion in young adults (Schreiber, Jill, Culbertson &
Michael, 2014).
Thus, all agents plays different role in shaping a child and makes him socially
acceptable person.
METHODS OF SOCIALIZATION
Affective method:
Under this method, child is trying to imitate the person with whom he/she spends
most of his/her time, family members of a child affects him/her a lot, with them a child made
some sort of relationship or we can say attachment, that attachment drives a child towards
adopting the habits, values, beliefs that person possess. Taking an example of a mother and
her child, a child can learn helping nature from her mother; a child can learn benevolent
nature from her mother, daily routine habits a child can learn only from their parents.
Operant method:
Under this method, child learns through his/his behavior’s response. Behavior of a
person gives some response, that response towards behavior makes the child to learn what is
wrong or right. Taking an example of a child, if a child starts stealing things, his parents
scolded him for the same, and these scolding results in shaping the behavior of a child, and
from this he/she learned that stealing is unacceptable in society.
Observational method:
This method describes that a child can learn through observing others in his/her day-
to-day life, from that observation child take some sort of lesson and implement that lesson in