Analyzing the Impacts of Staff Motivation Schemes on Employee Retention: A Case Study of Mark & Spencer

This research aims to analyze the impacts of staff motivation schemes on employee retention in Mark & Spencer, a retail organization in the UK. The study will explore the concept of employee retention and motivation, the importance of employee retention within Mark & Spencer, and how staff motivation impacts employee retention. The research will recommend strategies to M&S which contributes to employee retention and motivation.

Research Proposal Form
Student Name: ______________________ Student ID: ____________
Centre Name: _____________________
Tutor: ________________ Date: ___________________
Unit: ____________________
Proposed Title: ______________________________________________
Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Topic :To analyse the impacts of staff motivation schemes on employee
retention as case study of Mark & Spencer
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
In the current era of UK the staff motivation has been considered to be the major
factor which has impacted the employee motivation and retention in many
organizations. Employee retention has been defined as the ability it has for preventing
the employee turnover or it can also be said as the ability of decreasing the number of
employees which are leaving the organization. Poor employee retention has been said
as the way which can directly impact the business performance and also contribute to
the success of the organization. For this research the chosen organization is Mark &
Spencers which is based in UK and is a retail organization that specializes selling
clothes and other home related products. Talent management is the major concept
which is said to be responsible for the employee retention of any organization. It is a
very crucial component of the employee retention system which helps the business in
staff retention, training and also developing.
Research aim and objectives
Aim
The aim of this research is the analysation of employee retention in Mark &
Spencer and how it is impacted by staff motivation.
Objectives
The following are the drafted objectives of this research,
 To develop understanding about the concept of employee retention and
motivation.
 To understand the importance of employee retention within Mark & Spencer
 To analyse how staff motivation impacts employee retention in the context of
M&S.
 To recommend strategies to M&S which contributes in employee retention and

motivation.
Research questions
Q1. Does staff motivation concept help in employee retention for M&S?
Q2. What are the ways in which employee retention effective for M&S?
Significance
With respect to the current working condition, it is very essential that employees
are being retained within the organisation for a longer. The most important reason
behind this fact is that the competition is very high and in case the employees are not
retained for a longer period of time then it will reduce the working efficiency of the
company. Due to this reason the current topic of research that is analysing employee
retention with the marks and Spencer and its impact by staff motivation is very
significant. This study is significant for the company on which it is based that is marks
and Spencer. Along with this study is also of significance to other competitors of marks
and Spencer as they can also use the same strategies for motivating the staff and
retaining them within the organisation for longer. Moreover, this study is also
significance to the researchers who are also conducting the research on similar basis
or projects.
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
The reason why I have chosen this topic is because I want to develop knowledge in the
HR management studies. This is one of the most interesting topic for me in my
academic career. The chosen organization M&S is one of my favourite company based
in UK. Another reason for the selection of employee retention is that this will increase
my knowledge relating to how to retain employees for longer in the same organization.
This understanding is necessary because the in case employees working for longer
period of time then they are habitual to the working conditions and they know better
that how the organisation is working and operating. Also, the reason behind selecting
the topic of employee retention is that in case the employees are not retained then,
frequently new employees are being hired and providing training to them involves a lot
of cost and efforts. Hence the research will outline the strategies through which
employees can be retained within the business for long. Along with this, another
reason for selection of this topic of research is to develop understanding relating to the
various strategies through which the employees can be retained within the
organization for longer.

Section Three: Literature sources searched
Use of key literature sources to support your research question, objective or
hypothesis:
According to Papa and et.al., (2018) employee retention for an organization is
one of the most important aspect which directly impacts the performance of the
business and success. The HR management of the organization focuses on the
employee retention levels which are considered to be the key to the employee
retention strategies and also helps the business in the reduction of the overall turnover
and management of high performance. It has been considered that the employee
retention has been recognized as that behaviour which the employee might show and
leave for having a better chance for the identification of the ways of retaining people.
As per the view of Kurdi and Alshurideh, (2020) the retention of the organization's
ability is towards the prevention of the employee turnover which can impact the
number of people those who are interested in leaving the job. Employee retention is
also a part of the strategy of an organization which is towards the mitigation of the
turnover risk and putting the process of retaining the customers as the critical part of
the talent a successful management of the employees.
Tian and et.al., (2020) explained that the employee retention has been known be
a very critical aspect for the modern human capital management of the organization.
The replaced employees which are hired after previous employees have left the
organization has been able to understand the importance of the high turnover. In an
organization the development of the understanding of how the business in able to
manage the intervention's management of the expenses, revenue and the
productivity. The analysation of Gilani and Cunningham, (2017) explains that the HR
departments which can deploy the employee engagement software that helps the
business in the instant surveys which are about the employees towards the
organization. These surveys are considered to be more anonymous and the application
of that is more towards the participation of the employees.
The study of Modau and et.al., (2018) says that the feelings of employee towards
their belongings and their voice being heard in the organization is considered to be a
key aspect of employee retention. It can be said that with the help of promoting
organization and wide cohesion of the utilization of variety of techniques can help the
business to retain the employees. Development of the brand values is also a very
effective factor that grows the value of competition in the organization. Degbey,and
et.al., (2021) added to that by saying proving of incentives and discounts on health
insurance for the employees is also a way in which the company can increase the
employee retention.
The analysation of Lee and Chen, (2018) helps in understanding how the
employee retention is considered to be the major aspects which can be affected due to
the motivation. It has been understood that there is nothing better to improve the
employee motivation which can help the business in growing its retention policies. The
leaders and the managers of an organization play a very essential role in motivating
their staff. Shah and Asad (2018) argued that motivation is not just a factor that comes
with verbal appreciation. It can be said that an employee also feels motivated when

they are able to fulfil their needs. Hezberg's dual factor theory of motivation also states
that there are factors which in the workplace creates job satisfaction in the employees
whereas there are certain factors which cause dissatisfaction. These needs of the
employees can also affect the business of the organization which will affect the
ownership of the business that comes through as the motivational factors for
influencing the stay of employees in the organization. It is the based on the nature of
the organization explains how effective the motivation of the employee can be towards
their work.
From the understanding of Yamin, (2020) the importance of motivational
messages and also the way in which the business is able to develop engagement in the
employee retention. The first factor of motivational theory of Hezberg is the presence
of the motivators in the organization which influences them to work hard is the factor
that is found within the actual job itself. The management of the care and concern of
all the staff members that feel secure with each other. Organization of the different set
of activities which are presented to motivate the employees mush be done in form of
guidelines which can effect the benefits of the organization Bibi and et.al., (2017) said
that providing the employees with opportunities for advancing in their career is a
motivational factor which has a strong influence in them to stay on the job. The second
factor of Hezberg's theory is related to the hygiene factor which causes the employees
to less hard work. This is the reason why providing the employee with safety and
recognition can also influence the employee get motivated. There are certain
employees who feel motivated as their accountability increases in the organization.
This sense of responsibility motivates them towards staying in the organization and be
very effective in the management of the operations.
Application of the study of Frye and et.al., (2020) helps in understanding how the
company culture is a very determinant factor that influences motivation in their
business. Most of the transparency in the employees is towards building a motivation
which help them in understanding the effectiveness of the employee retention.
Alhmoud and Rjoub, (2019) agreed to that by saying that the culture of the company
can also help in decreasing the work stress which helps the business in avoiding the
overcommitment of the staff. Overcommitment always results in exhaustion which is
very demotivating and often results in employees leaving the organization.
From the evaluation of Perreira, Berta and Herbert, (2018) it can be understood
that for an organization employee retention is very essential. The major goal of the
organization is to be effective and efficient, which is not possible if they have high
employee turnover. The effectiveness of the employee retention is often considered to
be the factor which increases the productivity of the organization. It can be said that
cost reduction in the management of the organization can be considered to be the
efficient. Improved analysation of the total replacement costs can be considered as the
actual range of the 90% salary which can help the business in application of
professional leaders. From the study of Rakhra, (2018) it was understood that
employee retention is also very beneficial for the organization in recruitment and
training efficiency. This is happens because by managing the employee retention in the
organization help the business in decreasing the cost of rehiring and also focus more
on existing employees rather than the new ones.
As per the study of Diah, Hasiara and Irwan, (2020) employee retention is
directly effects the productivity of the organization. It can be said that remaining in the

staff is very important for the business to establish additional work which can produce
the quality of output of the results which is important for the business in the
management of the organization and also increase the effects of the work quality and
also the decisive factors which can help the business in the management of the
organization. The effects of the organization helps the business in the management of
areas which are directly boosts the business of the organization. The analysation of
Hafez, AbouelNeel and Elsaid, (2017) says that from the high retention is what effects
the direct management which can allow the work quality of the business to improve. It
can be said that with the help of better customers experience in the organization they
prefer to improve their employee retention which can easily influence the operations of
management of the organization.
Factors of the employee retention was explained by Bibi, Ahmad and Majid,
(2018) in which they explained that increase in the revenue of the business is also a
way in which the business is able to develop. It can be said that the organization can
improve their performance which can allow them in the management. It can be
considered that high rates in the employee retentions is very fruitful for the
organization. The study of (Likhitkar and Verma, 2017) explains some of the best ways
in which the management of the organization can explain what are the main ways to
help the business in calculating the costs of replacing the departing workers it allows
them to increase their productivity and develop a competitive advantage.
Mishra and Mishra, (2017) recommended to organization towards the employee
retention is considered to be the most important strategy that can help the business to
grow. Providing positive forms of feedback is a way in which the business is able to
improve the best work and positive and constructive advice. The main positive
feedback can help the business helps the business in motivating the employees in the
determination of the essential factors which is considered to create strong relation of
the business with the employees. (Bass and et.al., 2018) argued to that by saying
encouraging the employee creativity is a very effective way in which the business is
able to improve its employee motivation which directly improves the effectiveness of
the organization. The management of the organization towards the hiring of different
sets of individual will be considered as the way in which the organization can develop a
positive working environment which is considered to be effective and efficient and also
very good for maintaining the quality in the organization.
Fletcher, Alfes and Robinson, (2018) told in their study that fostering of the
respect at the workplace is considered to be the most effective way in which the
business can earn the respect they desire. In an organization it is also very important
for the business to develop a sense of equality which helps the business in the
development of the stability in the employee motivation. The majority of the
organization helps the business in understanding the influence factors which allow the
business in creating an encouraging the influence towards the employees of the
organization. The study of Ambrosius, (2018) can also help the business in the
development of the strategy which can improve the employee retention. It can be said
that earning the trust of the employees is very influential in the operations of the
motivation of the employees. It is a way in which the employees are able to encourage
the employees towards the effectiveness in the marketing of the organization. From
the analysation of the operations it is considered that the including the employees in
the different aspects of the business can also contribute towards being an effective

way of employee retention. It is also very essential for the business to understand that
the employees with the help of employee retention are able to adapt to the
organizational changes and also be very supportive for committing the changes in the
initiatives. It is also considered to be the effective factors which inspire employees to
develop growth.
The present research will involve the use of different motivation theories like Maslow
need hierarchy theory, Herzberg theory, Adam equity theory and others.
Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g research,
development and analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical
analysis, tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation,
writing the report):
Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
Auto
Schedule
d
Selection of research topic 4 days Thu 12/2/21 Tue 12/7/21
Auto
Schedule
d
Formulation of aim and
objectives of study 2 days Wed 12/8/21 Thu 12/9/21 1
Auto
Schedule
d
Literature review 12 days Fri 12/10/21 Mon 12/27/21 1,2
Auto
Schedule
d
Defining different methods
used for completion of
research
6 days Tue 12/28/21 Tue 1/4/22 2,3
Auto
Schedule
d
Submission of proposal 1 day Wed 1/5/22 Wed 1/5/22 4
Auto
Schedule
d
Wait for feedback 2 days Thu 1/6/22 Fri 1/7/22 5
Auto
Schedule
d
Modification as per
feedback and final
submission
1 day Mon 1/10/22 Mon 1/10/22 6
Ho
w
lon
g
this
will
tak
e:
Milestone one: _________________
Target date (set by tutor): ____________________
Milestone two: _______________________

Target date (set by tutor): ______________________
Gantt Chart
Section Five: Research approach and methodologies
 Research type- the type of research involves the way or method through which
the complete study will be undertaken. There are two different types of research
method that is qualitative and quantitative (Stokes, 2017). The qualitative method
is the one which involves using only non-numeric information relating to the
research topic. On the other hand, the quantitative study involves the use of
numeric facts and figures and information relating to the topic of research. In the
present case of analysis of staff motivation and employee retention the use of
qualitative research will be undertaken. The reason behind the selection of
qualitative research is that it will assist the researcher in developing the theoretical
knowledge relating to the various strategies through which employees can be
retained within the business.
 Research approach- The approach of research is being referred to as thing
assumption on which the complete study and selection of the topic is based. There
are two approaches which can be used by researcher for completing the study
which involves inductive and deductive (Chu and Ke, 2017). The formal relates with
theme setting up of aims and objectives relating to the study and conducting the
study on that. On the other hand, latter involves setting up of hypothesis and
proving the same. In order to complete the study on analysing the staff retention
strategies the use of inductive approach will be undertaken. The reason behind this
fact is that the aim and objective provides a base to the research that how the
study will be conducted. Thus, this will provide a deeper base to the company or
the researcher to develop good study.
 Research philosophy- Philosophy of research is being defined as believes on
which the selection of the methods is being based. Generally, interpretivism and

positivism are the philosophy which is being used while conducting the research.
The first philosophy involves undertaking the use of general theories and Models
relating to the topic of research. On the other hand, the second one relates with
analysis based on the actual data. Hence in the present case of staff retention
strategies the use of interpretivism will be undertaken in order to evaluate the
various strategies used for employee retention and staff motivation.
 Data collection- the research study is based on the data which is being selected
for the analysis of research topic. The selection of data needs to be proper and
accurate. The major sources of data involve primary and secondary. The former
relates to using the first and information relating to the research topic whereas
latter involves using already published data (Thanem and Knights, 2019). In the
present case of Marks and Spencer’s employee retention strategies the data will be
collected from the combination of both the sources. In case of primary source, the
employees of marks and Spencer will be selected and questions will be asked with
help of question and. Further in support of this, secondary sources that are various
articles books and journals will be selected in order to support the answers
provided by primary respondent.
 Sampling- For the primary study to be successful it is very crucial that our proper
sample is been selected. This is necessary because the whole study is based on the
data and in case the sample does not provide proper data then conclusions cannot
be drawn. Thus in the present case of analysing them staff retention strategies with
respect to marks and Spencer the sample of 30 employees will be selected
(Litosseliti, ed., 2018). This sample will be selected on the basis of random
sampling method. This method is selected because under this method on each and
every participant within the population has equal chance of getting selected and no
biasness can take place. Thus, the random sampling method will provide a proper
base for the samples and accurate data will be evaluated.
 Data analysis- just the collection of the appropriate data is not enough rather it is
very important that the collected data is analysed in proper and effective manner.
The reason underlying this fact is that in case the analysis is not done proper then
the meaningful data will also be not providing some insightful facts from the data.
Hence the data can be analysed in form of thematic analysis or by using the
technique of SPSS. In the present case of analysis of staff retention strategies with
respect to marks and Spencer the use of qualitative or thematic data analysis
technique will be undertaken. The reason behind the selection of thematic analysis
is that it involves analysing the themes based on the questionnaire and evaluating
the primary responses provided in support of the secondary information.
 Ethical consideration- for the research study to be successful it is very essential

that this study is being undertaken in ethical and effective manner. The reason
underlying this fact is that in case the working is not ethical and proper then the
outcome of this study will not be effective. Hence for this it is very necessary that
all the consideration relating to ethical working must be complied with. For this the
researcher must first take proper consent of the primary respondents before using
any of the personal data within the study. The reason behind this fact is that
without the consent researcher cannot use the personal data of the respondent
within the study and publish it (Abutabenjeh and Jaradat, 2018). Along with this and
other ethical aspect which must be taken care at time of conducting research is to
take the data from only reliable and ethical sources. This is necessary because the
whole study is based on the data and in case the data will not be reliable then
study will not outline proper results.
 Research limitation- along with the considerations there are also some limitation
which may affect the working quality of the research study. The first and foremost
limitation which may be encountered by the researcher is the time. The time for
completion of the study will is very limited and completing this study within that
time was very tough. But with effective time management skills the researcher
manages to complete the study on time and a day in the objectives of the research.
Along with this there was also the limitation of the budget as the budget provided
for the study was less. But then also the study was accomplished in proper and
effective manner and objectives were attained.
Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for
another qualification and is appropriate.
Agreed: ________________ (name)_______________ Date ______________
Comments and agreement form project proposal checker( IV sampling)
Comments (Optional):
I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed /Disagree: (Name of the IV)
Date

Research Ethics approval form –complete ethis form, fill ALL the relevant
sections
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of
data collected form human participants are required to gain ethical approval before
commencing their research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your
form may be returned if incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed research fully
with your unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time before your research
project is due to commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title: To analyse the impacts of staff motivation schemes on
employee retention as case study of Mark & Spencer
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date:
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your project:
 Interviews Yes No
 Questionnaires Yes No
 Observations Yes No
 Use of personal records Yes No
 Data Analysis Yes No
 Action Research Yes No
 Focus Groups Yes No
 Others (Please specify) :
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants? YES
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: Young people aged: 17-18 Adults:

How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?
They will be identified on basis of requirement of study and will be approached
with help of email
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are
doing:
The process of email will be used in order to inform the participant
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be
made clear to participants that they may withdraw consent to participate at any
time?
The consent will be taken by signing the consent form document and it will be in
writing
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of omitting
questions that do not wish to answer?
Yes No
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues
arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for
their informed consent to be observed.
Yes No
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them a brief
explanation of the study)?
Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?(This could
be a brief summary of your findings in general)
Yes No
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the
Data Protection Act (1998)

Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
All the people connected with the study will be having access to data and personal
information
During the research:
Where will the data be stored?
Laptop and pen drive
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes No
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored?
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Till next 2 months of the research
Will data be kept for use by other researchers? Yes No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise ethical
concerns? If so, please outline how you will deal with these:
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may
arise because of your research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply.
Ethical concerns may include, but are not limited to the following :
 Informed consent.
 Potentially vulnerable participants.
 Sensitive topics
 Risk to participants and /or researchers
 Confidentiality/anonymity
 Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality
 Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including
transfer, sharing, encryption, protection).
 Reporting
 Dissemination and use of your findings.
Ethical issues considered are Informed Consent and Confidentiality.
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and
Ethics Policy: Yes No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit

Tutor:
Yes No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the
ethical issues that may arise in the course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your supervisor and also attach to
the Research Proposal when submitting to Turnitin.

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