Stolen Generations of Australia
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This article discusses the Stolen Generations of Australia, a dark chapter in the country's history where indigenous children were forcibly taken from their families. It explores the impact of this practice on the indigenous population and the importance of teaching and learning about it to eliminate stereotypes and discrimination. Desklib offers study material and assignments related to the Stolen Generations.
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Running head: STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
Stolen Generations of Australia
Name of the Student-
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Stolen Generations of Australia
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1STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
Part A
It is indeed painful to get estranged from the near and dear ones. One of the major and
gut-wrenching events that had scarred and shaped the history of the indigenous section in
Australia is the ‘Stolen Generations’. This practice had marked the epitome of the cruelty and
tortures inflicted by one man upon another fellow human being. The Stolen Generations refer to
those aboriginals and islander residents of Torres Strait who were estranged from their families
at a very tender age (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies,
2018).As the name depicts, ‘Stolen generations’ refer to those displaced people who were
‘stolen’ by the White oppressors and their oppressive rules. Owing to the strict governmental
laws, they were forced to abandon the comfort of their parents and families. The aboriginal
children were compelled to leave their community and households to be nurtured in the
institutions organized by the Whites (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Studies, 2018).
History proves the fact that the British colonial forces had failed to recognize the
presence of the aboriginals in Australia. Declaring Australia as ‘terra nullius’, the colonizers had
exerted their influence in every manner possible (Watson, 2014). ‘Stolen Generations’ had
concretized due to the policy of the Whites known as ‘Assimilation’. This referred to the manner
in which the aboriginal kids were forced to get assimilated into the culture of the Whites
(Probyn-Rapsey, 2018). They were compelled to assimilate and imbibe the cultural impositions
dictated by the Whites and governmental intervention. These abducted indigenous people were
compelled to breed with other ‘half-caste’ people from different nations. The Stolen Generations
were not confined to children. In fact, the oppressive governmental rules and implementations
Part A
It is indeed painful to get estranged from the near and dear ones. One of the major and
gut-wrenching events that had scarred and shaped the history of the indigenous section in
Australia is the ‘Stolen Generations’. This practice had marked the epitome of the cruelty and
tortures inflicted by one man upon another fellow human being. The Stolen Generations refer to
those aboriginals and islander residents of Torres Strait who were estranged from their families
at a very tender age (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies,
2018).As the name depicts, ‘Stolen generations’ refer to those displaced people who were
‘stolen’ by the White oppressors and their oppressive rules. Owing to the strict governmental
laws, they were forced to abandon the comfort of their parents and families. The aboriginal
children were compelled to leave their community and households to be nurtured in the
institutions organized by the Whites (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Studies, 2018).
History proves the fact that the British colonial forces had failed to recognize the
presence of the aboriginals in Australia. Declaring Australia as ‘terra nullius’, the colonizers had
exerted their influence in every manner possible (Watson, 2014). ‘Stolen Generations’ had
concretized due to the policy of the Whites known as ‘Assimilation’. This referred to the manner
in which the aboriginal kids were forced to get assimilated into the culture of the Whites
(Probyn-Rapsey, 2018). They were compelled to assimilate and imbibe the cultural impositions
dictated by the Whites and governmental intervention. These abducted indigenous people were
compelled to breed with other ‘half-caste’ people from different nations. The Stolen Generations
were not confined to children. In fact, the oppressive governmental rules and implementations
2STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
had even extended their dominion over the adult aboriginals to inculcate in them the importance
and value of inculcating the rules, morality and principles followed by the Whites.
It is an acceptable fact that such a gut-wrenching event had created turmoil and
disturbance in the lives of the Aboriginals whose repercussions can be felt throughout the ages
and even in this modern world. This practice had overshadowed the Australian culture and
history (Cuthbert &Quartly, 2013). This essay endeavors to establish the manner in which the
personal and professional lives was controlled by the strict laws of the government. The
repercussions of the incident can be felt even in the present day where the government officials
try to identify and relocate the victims of Stolen Generations. This essay shall also try to
investigate the importance of learning and teaching about the above-mentioned incident to
enhance the knowledge of the intricate historical details.
Jean Paul Sartre had mentioned about the fact that White Australians had forcefully
settled in a land that did not belong to them on the first place. He goes on to mention that the
British colonial policy had inflicted unflinching tortures upon every man who belonged to the
indigenous category. Historical records proves the fact that the aboriginals of Torres Straits
Islanders had been the victims of torture and unflinching pain (Maddison, 2011). The practice of
removing and separating the aboriginal kids from their parents had affected the aboriginals
largely. Needless to say, the indigenous population was truly affected by this incident whose
reverberations can be felt even in the present century.
The idea of ‘Stolen Generations’ included the practice of taking the aboriginal kids from
their mothers. This had led to their displacement and dislocation (Cuthbert &Quartly, 2013).
The victims of the phenomenon of ‘Stolen Generations’ have experienced the harrowing
experience of loss of identity and meaning of existence. It is indeed a difficult task to accept a
had even extended their dominion over the adult aboriginals to inculcate in them the importance
and value of inculcating the rules, morality and principles followed by the Whites.
It is an acceptable fact that such a gut-wrenching event had created turmoil and
disturbance in the lives of the Aboriginals whose repercussions can be felt throughout the ages
and even in this modern world. This practice had overshadowed the Australian culture and
history (Cuthbert &Quartly, 2013). This essay endeavors to establish the manner in which the
personal and professional lives was controlled by the strict laws of the government. The
repercussions of the incident can be felt even in the present day where the government officials
try to identify and relocate the victims of Stolen Generations. This essay shall also try to
investigate the importance of learning and teaching about the above-mentioned incident to
enhance the knowledge of the intricate historical details.
Jean Paul Sartre had mentioned about the fact that White Australians had forcefully
settled in a land that did not belong to them on the first place. He goes on to mention that the
British colonial policy had inflicted unflinching tortures upon every man who belonged to the
indigenous category. Historical records proves the fact that the aboriginals of Torres Straits
Islanders had been the victims of torture and unflinching pain (Maddison, 2011). The practice of
removing and separating the aboriginal kids from their parents had affected the aboriginals
largely. Needless to say, the indigenous population was truly affected by this incident whose
reverberations can be felt even in the present century.
The idea of ‘Stolen Generations’ included the practice of taking the aboriginal kids from
their mothers. This had led to their displacement and dislocation (Cuthbert &Quartly, 2013).
The victims of the phenomenon of ‘Stolen Generations’ have experienced the harrowing
experience of loss of identity and meaning of existence. It is indeed a difficult task to accept a
3STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
different culture that is not aligned to one’s own culture. The coercion that was used to assimilate
the aboriginals into the White culture had deprived them of their basic dignity and respect. The
forceful abduction of the indigenous population had an intrinsic effect on their psyche. It had led
to the displacement and dislocation of innumerable indigenous inhabitants. The Bringing Them
Home Report has recorded the innumerable cases of physical and mental tortures
(Findandconnect.gov.au, 2018). The report had even mentioned about the health related
problems that continues to affect the indigenous section of Australia.
Most of the indigenous and the Torres Strait islanders have been victims of the forceful
abduction from their households. The psychic effect of the repeated and continued oppression of
the people directly affected their present state. Even in the present age, they cannot get rid of
their vulnerability. Further, the indigenous students are seen to score poor marks in subjects
(Lowe &Yunkaporta, 2013). The tortured people were unable to accept the fact that they were
kept away from their families. The permanent psychic effect is transferred from one generation
to another. Further, most of the parents have not been able to recover from the loss of losing their
children. The effect of being forcefully estranged from the family members had spelled doom on
the mental health of the displaced people. The Bringing Them Home report recounts the
experience of a police officer who relates the manner in which the displaced adults of “Stolen
Generation” face the problem of everlasting depression (Bth.humanrights.gov.au, 2018).Thus,
the displaced indigenous generation cannot get rid of the effects of oppression. The survivors
even face the problem of lack of medical facilities (Bth.humanrights.gov.au, 2018).
It is extremely important for educators and teachers to understand and evaluate the
intricacies related to the tortures inflicted on the indigenous people. The indigenous sections of
the Australians are often the victims of racial discrimination. (Jameison, Steffens & Paradies,
different culture that is not aligned to one’s own culture. The coercion that was used to assimilate
the aboriginals into the White culture had deprived them of their basic dignity and respect. The
forceful abduction of the indigenous population had an intrinsic effect on their psyche. It had led
to the displacement and dislocation of innumerable indigenous inhabitants. The Bringing Them
Home Report has recorded the innumerable cases of physical and mental tortures
(Findandconnect.gov.au, 2018). The report had even mentioned about the health related
problems that continues to affect the indigenous section of Australia.
Most of the indigenous and the Torres Strait islanders have been victims of the forceful
abduction from their households. The psychic effect of the repeated and continued oppression of
the people directly affected their present state. Even in the present age, they cannot get rid of
their vulnerability. Further, the indigenous students are seen to score poor marks in subjects
(Lowe &Yunkaporta, 2013). The tortured people were unable to accept the fact that they were
kept away from their families. The permanent psychic effect is transferred from one generation
to another. Further, most of the parents have not been able to recover from the loss of losing their
children. The effect of being forcefully estranged from the family members had spelled doom on
the mental health of the displaced people. The Bringing Them Home report recounts the
experience of a police officer who relates the manner in which the displaced adults of “Stolen
Generation” face the problem of everlasting depression (Bth.humanrights.gov.au, 2018).Thus,
the displaced indigenous generation cannot get rid of the effects of oppression. The survivors
even face the problem of lack of medical facilities (Bth.humanrights.gov.au, 2018).
It is extremely important for educators and teachers to understand and evaluate the
intricacies related to the tortures inflicted on the indigenous people. The indigenous sections of
the Australians are often the victims of racial discrimination. (Jameison, Steffens & Paradies,
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4STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
2013). In order to reduce and eliminate the myths and stereotypes associated with the indigenous
section (Price, 2015). In addition to this, it is extremely crucial for an educator to comprehend
the importance and effect of such events in the past and present situations in Australia. Further,
in order to trace and gauge the pain inflicted upon the aboriginals and the islanders of Torres
Straits it is extremely crucial for an educator to research and delve deeper into the myriad areas
related to them. Various practices or events such as the Stolen Generation and the European
Colonization had affected the lives of the indigenous population. The importance of
acknowledging the painful history shared by the community of the indigenous population has
been established throughout the ages.
Modern day educators need to be aware of the maltreatment faced by the indigenous
Australians since the time of the British colonial conquests. Understanding and studying the
indigenous population can lead to the development of various perspectives for the educators. In
fact, it has been seen that the indigenous population has been stereotyped and marginalized due
to the non-availability of proper research and studies. In order to reduce the myths and
stereotypes associated with the indigenous section, it is essential for educators to learn about
their history. (Price, 2015). Once the educators start learning about the gut-wrenching events that
had caused physical and physic degeneration of the indigenous section of Australia, the cases of
marginalization by even the White Australians can reduce largely. Possessing an in-depth
understanding of the history of indigenous people can help an educator in eradicating the pre-
conceived notions by which the aboriginal section is judged by the masses.
Part B
The indigenous aspects including the people of a country form an integral part in shaping
the history and future of a nation. Learning the history of indigenous culture, perspectives and
2013). In order to reduce and eliminate the myths and stereotypes associated with the indigenous
section (Price, 2015). In addition to this, it is extremely crucial for an educator to comprehend
the importance and effect of such events in the past and present situations in Australia. Further,
in order to trace and gauge the pain inflicted upon the aboriginals and the islanders of Torres
Straits it is extremely crucial for an educator to research and delve deeper into the myriad areas
related to them. Various practices or events such as the Stolen Generation and the European
Colonization had affected the lives of the indigenous population. The importance of
acknowledging the painful history shared by the community of the indigenous population has
been established throughout the ages.
Modern day educators need to be aware of the maltreatment faced by the indigenous
Australians since the time of the British colonial conquests. Understanding and studying the
indigenous population can lead to the development of various perspectives for the educators. In
fact, it has been seen that the indigenous population has been stereotyped and marginalized due
to the non-availability of proper research and studies. In order to reduce the myths and
stereotypes associated with the indigenous section, it is essential for educators to learn about
their history. (Price, 2015). Once the educators start learning about the gut-wrenching events that
had caused physical and physic degeneration of the indigenous section of Australia, the cases of
marginalization by even the White Australians can reduce largely. Possessing an in-depth
understanding of the history of indigenous people can help an educator in eradicating the pre-
conceived notions by which the aboriginal section is judged by the masses.
Part B
The indigenous aspects including the people of a country form an integral part in shaping
the history and future of a nation. Learning the history of indigenous culture, perspectives and
5STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
the tortures inflicted on them can assist in understanding the subtle nuances related to the
Aboriginals and the islanders of Torres Strait. The indigenous section of every country has
always been deprived of the advantages (Stoeckl, 2013). Comprehending and accumulating facts
about the indigenous population of a country is crucial to develop a sense of their degenerative
state.
The knowledge of the indigenous section of Australia should not remain confined to the
boundaries of the territory. In fact, this knowledge can assist the educators and curriculums all
over the world to enlighten and break the prejudices associated with the marginalized section of
the country. In addition to this, the education system of every country needs to incorporate the
idea of educating the tiny minds to erase any prejudice from a very tender age. It is extremely
crucial for the education systems to include a separate section related to the aboriginal culture to
enlighten the minds of the people regarding the tortures inflicted on them.
Especially, the abducted and estranged population belonging to the historical occurring of
‘Stolen generation’, need to be analyzed and taught by students all over the world to understand
the deep mental and physical pains inflicted by the masters. In addition to this, the education
system in Australia has also strived to incorporate courses on the ‘Stolen generation’ and the
indigenous history that sheds light on the nature of the oppressors (Acara.edu.au, 2018). This
course needs to be taught to students belonging to the primary section because it will assist in
developing the emotional and practical faculties from a very early age. Primary education
includes many broad areas that help in developing the cognitive facilities of a kid. When the
primary education is revamped to include the ideas on ‘Stolen Generation’, the kids can easily
understand and learn to differentiate between good and evil.
the tortures inflicted on them can assist in understanding the subtle nuances related to the
Aboriginals and the islanders of Torres Strait. The indigenous section of every country has
always been deprived of the advantages (Stoeckl, 2013). Comprehending and accumulating facts
about the indigenous population of a country is crucial to develop a sense of their degenerative
state.
The knowledge of the indigenous section of Australia should not remain confined to the
boundaries of the territory. In fact, this knowledge can assist the educators and curriculums all
over the world to enlighten and break the prejudices associated with the marginalized section of
the country. In addition to this, the education system of every country needs to incorporate the
idea of educating the tiny minds to erase any prejudice from a very tender age. It is extremely
crucial for the education systems to include a separate section related to the aboriginal culture to
enlighten the minds of the people regarding the tortures inflicted on them.
Especially, the abducted and estranged population belonging to the historical occurring of
‘Stolen generation’, need to be analyzed and taught by students all over the world to understand
the deep mental and physical pains inflicted by the masters. In addition to this, the education
system in Australia has also strived to incorporate courses on the ‘Stolen generation’ and the
indigenous history that sheds light on the nature of the oppressors (Acara.edu.au, 2018). This
course needs to be taught to students belonging to the primary section because it will assist in
developing the emotional and practical faculties from a very early age. Primary education
includes many broad areas that help in developing the cognitive facilities of a kid. When the
primary education is revamped to include the ideas on ‘Stolen Generation’, the kids can easily
understand and learn to differentiate between good and evil.
6STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
In order to ameliorate the cases of racist activities that are carried against the
marginalized and indigenous population of Australia, it is extremely important for the children to
develop the rational faculty that is devoid of any racist ideas perpetrated by the societal forces. It
is believed that children often tend to grasp the sensitive information that is transferred to them.
It is also believed that children learn, assimilate and develop ideas in a learning environment in
the school (Holt, 2017). Incorporating the course and ideas that enumerate and bring to light the
various tortures and cultures of the indigenous population can assist in making them understand
the importance of knowing the culture of the aboriginals. At a very young age, the children will
develop the faculty of sympathizing with the painful past of the indigenous and non-white
section of the Australian population.
In addition to this, the historical phenomenon of ‘stolen generation’ is an extremely
crucial occurring that has permanently affected the lives and well-being of the Aboriginals and
the islanders of Torres Strait. Understanding about the agonies that were inflicted on the poor
souls can enhance the understanding of the present state of their existence. Recent records stand
as a proof to the fact that the repercussions can be felt even in this generation. BBC records the
feelings of Ian Hamm who had narrated his feelings when he was captured by the Whites (BBC
News, 2018). Such incidents help in reinforcing the importance of acquainting the little kids with
the unspeakable pain of separating from the loved ones. In addition to this, the ‘Stolen
Generations’ can also help the students in understanding the emotional and psychic trauma that
has been experienced by the generation that was forcibly abducted by the colonizers. Further, a
study of this incident can help the toddlers in understanding the efforts of the captured and
estranged population in liberating themselves from the clutches of the oppressor. In addition to
this, the authorities have even endeavored to issue an apology for the past actions to the
In order to ameliorate the cases of racist activities that are carried against the
marginalized and indigenous population of Australia, it is extremely important for the children to
develop the rational faculty that is devoid of any racist ideas perpetrated by the societal forces. It
is believed that children often tend to grasp the sensitive information that is transferred to them.
It is also believed that children learn, assimilate and develop ideas in a learning environment in
the school (Holt, 2017). Incorporating the course and ideas that enumerate and bring to light the
various tortures and cultures of the indigenous population can assist in making them understand
the importance of knowing the culture of the aboriginals. At a very young age, the children will
develop the faculty of sympathizing with the painful past of the indigenous and non-white
section of the Australian population.
In addition to this, the historical phenomenon of ‘stolen generation’ is an extremely
crucial occurring that has permanently affected the lives and well-being of the Aboriginals and
the islanders of Torres Strait. Understanding about the agonies that were inflicted on the poor
souls can enhance the understanding of the present state of their existence. Recent records stand
as a proof to the fact that the repercussions can be felt even in this generation. BBC records the
feelings of Ian Hamm who had narrated his feelings when he was captured by the Whites (BBC
News, 2018). Such incidents help in reinforcing the importance of acquainting the little kids with
the unspeakable pain of separating from the loved ones. In addition to this, the ‘Stolen
Generations’ can also help the students in understanding the emotional and psychic trauma that
has been experienced by the generation that was forcibly abducted by the colonizers. Further, a
study of this incident can help the toddlers in understanding the efforts of the captured and
estranged population in liberating themselves from the clutches of the oppressor. In addition to
this, the authorities have even endeavored to issue an apology for the past actions to the
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7STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
aggrieved survivors and the deceased persons of ‘Stolen Generation’ (Australia.gov.au, 2018).
Learning about ‘Stolen Generation’ can help in finding the displaced persons. Inculcation of
these aspects in primary education can help the students understand that with the gradual passage
of time, evil forces tend to get erased. Further, an academic reading of the events and aspects
related to the ‘Stolen Generation’ can lead to a better understanding of history of the indigenous
population in relation to Australia and the Whites in general. It can help in gauging the
disturbing history of Australia that was fraught with incidents of atrocities committed by the
colonial masters and unfair governmental rules.
Analyzing the above-discussed factors, it needs to be mentioned that the indigenous
section of Australia including the islanders of Torres Strait have experienced cases of
irreplaceable pains and tortures that were inflicted by the governmental rules. The indigenous
children were compelled to leave the warmth of their family and community to join the whites.
Thus, the theory of assimilation did not consider the aspirations of the displaced individuals. It
had created a barrier between the white and indigenous sections of society. Thus, primary
education needs to include a course on the indigenous culture and history.
aggrieved survivors and the deceased persons of ‘Stolen Generation’ (Australia.gov.au, 2018).
Learning about ‘Stolen Generation’ can help in finding the displaced persons. Inculcation of
these aspects in primary education can help the students understand that with the gradual passage
of time, evil forces tend to get erased. Further, an academic reading of the events and aspects
related to the ‘Stolen Generation’ can lead to a better understanding of history of the indigenous
population in relation to Australia and the Whites in general. It can help in gauging the
disturbing history of Australia that was fraught with incidents of atrocities committed by the
colonial masters and unfair governmental rules.
Analyzing the above-discussed factors, it needs to be mentioned that the indigenous
section of Australia including the islanders of Torres Strait have experienced cases of
irreplaceable pains and tortures that were inflicted by the governmental rules. The indigenous
children were compelled to leave the warmth of their family and community to join the whites.
Thus, the theory of assimilation did not consider the aspirations of the displaced individuals. It
had created a barrier between the white and indigenous sections of society. Thus, primary
education needs to include a course on the indigenous culture and history.
8STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
References
Abrams, E., Taylor, P. C., &Guo, C. J. (2013). Contextualizing culturally relevant science and
mathematics teaching for indigenous learning. International Journal of Science and Mathematics
Education, 11(1), 1-21.
Acara.edu.au. (2018). ACARA. Retrieved from http://www.acara.edu.au/.
Australia.gov.au. (2018). Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples | australia.gov.au. Retrieved
from https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/our-people/apology-to-
australias-indigenous-peoples
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. (2018). Stolen Generations.
Retrieved from https://aiatsis.gov.au/research/finding-your-family/before-you-start/
stolen-generations
BBC News. (2018). 'My country doesn't argue about me now'. Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-43039522
Bth.humanrights.gov.au. (2018). Bringing them Home Report (1997) | Bringing Them Home.
Retrieved from https://bth.humanrights.gov.au/the-report/bringing-them-home-report
Cuthbert, D., &Quartly, M. (2013). Forced child removal and the politics of national apologies in
Australia. American Indian Quarterly, 37(1-2), 178-202.
Findandconnect.gov.au. (2018). National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander Children from Their Families - Summary | Find & Connect. Retrieved
from https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/guide/vic/E000160
Holt, J. (2017). How children learn. Hachette UK.
References
Abrams, E., Taylor, P. C., &Guo, C. J. (2013). Contextualizing culturally relevant science and
mathematics teaching for indigenous learning. International Journal of Science and Mathematics
Education, 11(1), 1-21.
Acara.edu.au. (2018). ACARA. Retrieved from http://www.acara.edu.au/.
Australia.gov.au. (2018). Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples | australia.gov.au. Retrieved
from https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/our-people/apology-to-
australias-indigenous-peoples
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. (2018). Stolen Generations.
Retrieved from https://aiatsis.gov.au/research/finding-your-family/before-you-start/
stolen-generations
BBC News. (2018). 'My country doesn't argue about me now'. Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-43039522
Bth.humanrights.gov.au. (2018). Bringing them Home Report (1997) | Bringing Them Home.
Retrieved from https://bth.humanrights.gov.au/the-report/bringing-them-home-report
Cuthbert, D., &Quartly, M. (2013). Forced child removal and the politics of national apologies in
Australia. American Indian Quarterly, 37(1-2), 178-202.
Findandconnect.gov.au. (2018). National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander Children from Their Families - Summary | Find & Connect. Retrieved
from https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/guide/vic/E000160
Holt, J. (2017). How children learn. Hachette UK.
9STOLEN GENERATIONS OF AUSTRALIA
Jamieson, L. M., Steffens, M., &Paradies, Y. C. (2013). Associations between discrimination
and dental visiting behaviours in an Aboriginal Australian birth cohort. Australian and
New Zealand journal of public health, 37(1), 92-93.
Lowe, K., &Yunkaporta, T. (2013). The inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
content in the Australian National Curriculum: A cultural, cognitive and socio-political
evaluation. Curriculum Perspectives, 33(1), 1-14.
Maddison, S. (2011). Beyond white guilt. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.
Price, K. (2015). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education: An introduction for the
teaching profession. Cambridge University Press.
Probyn-Rapsey, F. (2018). Made to matter: White fathers, stolen generations. Sydney University
Press.
Stoeckl, N., Jackson, S., Pantus, F., Finn, M., Kennard, M. J., & Pusey, B. J. (2013). An
integrated assessment of financial, hydrological, ecological and social impacts of
‘development’on Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in northern Australia. Biological
Conservation, 159, 214-221.
Watson, I. (2014). Re-centring First Nations knowledge and places in a terra nullius
space. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 10(5), 508-520.
Jamieson, L. M., Steffens, M., &Paradies, Y. C. (2013). Associations between discrimination
and dental visiting behaviours in an Aboriginal Australian birth cohort. Australian and
New Zealand journal of public health, 37(1), 92-93.
Lowe, K., &Yunkaporta, T. (2013). The inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
content in the Australian National Curriculum: A cultural, cognitive and socio-political
evaluation. Curriculum Perspectives, 33(1), 1-14.
Maddison, S. (2011). Beyond white guilt. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.
Price, K. (2015). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education: An introduction for the
teaching profession. Cambridge University Press.
Probyn-Rapsey, F. (2018). Made to matter: White fathers, stolen generations. Sydney University
Press.
Stoeckl, N., Jackson, S., Pantus, F., Finn, M., Kennard, M. J., & Pusey, B. J. (2013). An
integrated assessment of financial, hydrological, ecological and social impacts of
‘development’on Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in northern Australia. Biological
Conservation, 159, 214-221.
Watson, I. (2014). Re-centring First Nations knowledge and places in a terra nullius
space. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 10(5), 508-520.
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