Strategic Marketing for Chanel

This document provides an in-depth analysis of the strategic marketing approach of Chanel. It covers various aspects such as the overview of the company, product services, past marketing activity, identification of competitors, marketing objectives, strategies, potential risks, and budget. The document also discusses the market conditions, segmentation, PESTLE analysis, market share, industry report, SWOT analysis, perception map, and marketing medium routes.

STRATEGIC MARKETING

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Overview of company................................................................................................................3
Product service...........................................................................................................................3
Past marketing activity...............................................................................................................7
Identification of competitors......................................................................................................7
Perception map...........................................................................................................................8
Marketing medium routes..........................................................................................................8
Marketing objectives................................................................................................................11
Marketing strategy....................................................................................................................13
Potential risks...........................................................................................................................15
Budget......................................................................................................................................17
Conclusion................................................................................................................................17
Reference list............................................................................................................................19
2

Introduction
Strategic marketing is a process that includes planning, developing and implementation of
maneuvers, which helps in obtaining a competitive edge in the chosen market. Chanel is a
French private limited company that sells fashion and other luxury accessories. In this study,
different marketing medium, objectives and strategies are discussed.
Overview of company
Chanel is a privately held firm that has its headquarters located in Paris, France and London,
United Kingdom. This company was incorporated in 1910 in Paris, France. Moreover, they
have around 310 stores, which are located worldwide. Stores are located in South America,
Oceania, North America, Asia, and middle east. This firm has achieved a profit of $10 billion
in the year 2017 (Chanel.com, 2019). Chanel has been ranked as 23rd in Best global brands.
Moreover, in 2018, they ranked 87 in World’s most valuable brand. Main products of this
firm include fragrance, jewelry, skincare, and watches. Other products like sunglasses,
exquisite bags, and apparels for both genders. Chanel is a creatively driven brand that values
and invests heavily on raw materials for creation of products. They try to maintain
sustainability while acquiring these extremely rare raw materials. Chanel access and monitor
potential and actual risks in procuring raw materials and their impact on community
(Services.chanel.com, 2018). They govern relationship with supplier with the help of
responsible sourcing policy. Moreover, they have developed a risk-assessment methodology
that helps them to remediate environmental, government and social risks. This firm has
dedicated CSR teams and ambassadors that functions and represents collaboratively.
Main target of Chanel is women who belong to the age group of 15 to 40. This is because
these women are fond of fashionable products and accessories. Target customers of Chanel
belong to upper middle income and upper-income people. According to reports of 2018,
Chanel has around 20000 employees working in different stores and boutiques (Chanel.com,
2019). Moreover, they have distributors located in different countries that distribute products
like perfumes and apparels. Exquisite products of this firm are also available at supermarkets
like Asda. They have arranged a staged shop at this supermarket that has created a buzz
among customers. Merger and partnership help a firm to grow and manage future risks.
3

Product service
● Market condition
Chanel has become an international brand and it is operating its business in various countries
of the world. At present, marketplace of fashion industry is maintaining sustainable growth.
For example, fashion industry of UK is contributing near about £32 billion to the economy of
this country. Competition is high in the UK fashion industry and reportedly, near about 80
designers are going to launch spring and summer collections in 2019 (Chanel.com, 2019).
Trends are changing over time and demand of customers are getting specific day by day. As
mentioned by Cravens and Piercy (2006), fashion industries of other countries are following
the same trend as the UK and it is becoming difficult for companies like Chanel to stay
competitive. Due to this reason, most of the fashion organizations are using digital marketing
strategies and AI technologies to beat rivals.
● Segmentation
Market segmentation has changed over time for Chanel. In 1990, this brand had targeted only
females, who wanted to be classy. However, this company has changed its market
segmentation strategy for distributing variety of products. According to Mcdonald (2016),
product diversity affects decision making regarding selection of potential market segment.
This company targets different market with respect to different product line. This company
has more than 200 worldwide and they are targeting customers of both genders from 20 to 80
years (Chanel.com, 2019). This company studies behavior and lifestyle of social groups
before selecting appropriate market segment to be covered. Most of their products are for
women and they design fashion products for kids as well.
● PESTLE
Political
This factor has a large influence on fashion industry. Political stability of developed countries
has helped this company to grow their business (David et al. 2016). On another hand,
unstable political environment on Asia and middle east can have various implications on the
operations of Chanel. For Example, poor policies regarding intellectual property cannot
protect Chanel's intellectual property, which is a valuable asset for each company. Moreover,
political decisions like Brexit and supply chain disruption in middle east can impact on
business of Chanel. Increase in export and import duties and irregularity in procurement of
raw materials can occur.
Economic
4

A major economic factor that has impacted the business of Chanel is increase in purchasing
power in both developed and developing countries. Low rate of inflation and increase in
annual wage is increasing income of people and this factor is making them unable to
purchase luxury products Chanel. Rise in disposable income of people in the countries of
Asia and Africa has impacted on luxury products sale (Varadarajan, 2019). Desire to buy
luxury goods of people is increasing with increase in income.
Social
Major social factor of this company is their exclusivity of products. Products and accessories
of this company can only be accessed and afforded by high level of the society and those who
live near their boutique. As opined by Pedersen et al. (2018), social factors like education
level and women empowerment must be focused by every company. Chanel has focused on
women empowerment that is included in their CSR policies.
Technological
Chanel has focused on improving tier technology, which includes building an improved
website. Moreover, they have adopted technology to maintain quality of their products and at
the same time focused on maintaining sustainability. Research and development are done in
eliminating harmful chemicals from their products like fragrance (Felix et al. 2017).
Legal
Different laws regarding production and selling must be maintained by fashion
manufacturers. Chanel maintains laws around the world that have relation with their business.
Hence, ethical integrity can be maintained. In June 2017, they have won a lawsuit against
Amazon regarding trademark infringement.
Environmental
Chanel is aware of the environment and they are trying to maintain sustainability by
preserving rare raw materials. Significant impact is faced by environment during production
of fashion products (Chan et al. 2017). Chanel has taken initiative for eco-packaging of
products.
● Market share
Chanel has second largest amount of market share after Louis Vuitton. At present Louis
Vuitton has 28.6% of market share in the fashion industry. However, Chanel has 20% of
market share in the fashion industry (Chanel.com, 2019). One-third of Chanel's sales are
from the USA, China, and France. After the United States, China is the second biggest
market of this company.
● Industry report
5

According to the latest report of Mintel in 2017, sales of luxury fashion accessories has
increased by 3.6% (Reports.mintel.com, 2018). This includes handbags and others. This has
impacted on the sales rate of Chanel. As per this report, young people and women are the
main drivers of this market. And females prioritize designs than price whose age range is
between 34 to 54.
In the report of Mintel, it is described that over one-third of US millennial considers social
media as top influencer regarding the purchase of clothing (Mintel.com, 2018). They have
predicted that investment on social media promotion will increase in the near future as this
impacts on purchasing decision of women and millennial.
SWOT
Strength Weakness
● High-quality product and signature
style
● Brand recognition and reputation
● More than 1200 employees
● Ability to understand customer
demand
● Wide range of product line
● Brand switching of customers
● High price of products
● Limited number of stores
● Limited growth in market share
● Limited online products
Opportunities Threats
● Increasing importance of e-
marketing
● Increasing rate on online buyers
● Innovative product designs
● Merger and acquisition
● Business expansion
● Increasing market competition
● Economic downturn and slowdown
● Substitute products
● Counterfeit
● Changing consuming behavior
Table 1: SWOT analysis of Chanel
Chanel is renowned for its signature styles and high-quality products. This luxury brand is
recognized all over the world and they have developed a reputation through their product as
well as services. More than 1200 employees are providing their best effort to meet
expectations of customers. Ability to understand demand of customers and variety of product
line are strengths of Chanel. Opportunities of this company include effectiveness of e-
6

marketing, launching new products, and increasing the rate of online buyers. This company
may expand its business in Asia-pacific and Latin America and merger & acquisition may
help this company to maximize its revenue generation. Limited number of online product,
stores, and market share are weaknesses of Chanel. This company may face brand switching
due to high price of products. Louis Vuitton, Zara, Gucci, and other similar companies are
threat to Chanel as these companies are producing substitute products. Economic crisis in
affecting this business. Many companies are coping style of channel and offering products at
a cheaper rate. This is a potential threat to Channel and this company is facing issues due to
changing behavior of customers.
Past marketing activity
Chanel has adopted storytelling approach of marketing in the past. Through their highly
interactive website, they used this strategy to share history and legacy of the brand. Different
success stories are shared in a chronological manner at their website that attracts customers.
Moreover, they have adopted other channels of marketing like print media and
endorsements (Chanel.com, 2019). Among these publishing articles and advertisements in
top magazines like Vogue and Marie Claire can be considered as a failure. Between January
and November 2012 they have spent $71 million in advertising on these magazines
(Chanel.com, 2019). However, their return on investment is low that caused the loss.
However, extensive social media campaigning have not been done by this firm. Moreover,
they have not given focus on customized marketing. Competition is impacting on business of
Chanel and main competitors like Gucci and Louis Vuitton is providing tough market
competition.
Identification of competitors
Chanel has both direct and indirect competitors and this company is implementing strategies
to beat their rivals. Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Hermes, and Burberry are direct competitors of
Chanel as these companies offer same products to consumers from all over the world. As
stated by Wang and Jin (2019), Indirect competitors do not sell exactly the same product but
similar product. On another hand, online retail companies such as Amazon is an indirect
competitor of this brand.
7

Perception map
Figure 1: Perception mapping
Perception map has been created by using MS Excel and direct competitors have been
considered for this mapping. Based on product price, quality of product and revenue
generated by these firms, they have been positioned.
Marketing medium routes
● Social media
Chanel is considered as the most influential luxury brand on social media. They have around
57 million followers around different social media channels. As opined by Štefko et al.
(2015), social media can be used as a channel by business entrepreneurs to increase brand
awareness among target customers. This firm makes attractive contents and videos for social
media marketing. They have depicted their own world by becoming arty and editorial in
nature. This medium of marketing can be relied on by this firm because users of these
platforms are increasing with time. Chanel can use their popularity on social media to attract
their potential customers from various new markets.
● Advertising vehicle
These are media vehicles that are used by different business organizations to advertise their
products and services (Valaei and Nikhashemi, 2017). During the time of new product
launching, advertising vehicle is used to increase the popularity of the product. Chanel can
use these vehicles for increasing brand awareness among target customers. This medium is a
8

type of outside promotion of products among mass customers. More people will be aware of
this brand globally.
● Events
Organizing events is another popular marketing channel that is used by big corporate houses
to increase brand image and popularity of their products. Different events are organized and
success rate is measured through different performance indicators. This includes increase in
sales and events check-ins. As stated by Shen et al. (2017), organization of events is a costly
process of marketing and investment in marketing must be increased to adopt this medium.
Chanel has organized different marketing events that include fashion shows, consumer
events, and other brand support activities. This has helped them to increase sales rate by
20.4% in the year of 2017 (Chanel.com, 2019). Direct consumer interaction can be done by
the help of this medium and popularity of products can be increased.
● Collaborations
Collaboration helps a firm by leveraging marketing activities. Chanel has collaborated with
supermarket giant Asda, which can help to increase sales rate of this company. Different
luxury items can be distributed easily to the target customers by the process of collaboration
(Ryan, 2016). On the other hand, collaboration can also be done by famous persons for
branding of products. Chanel’s collaboration with Pharrell is almost near regarding his
designed costumes. Different collections of Pharrell that have become popular will be sold
through Chanel. As stated by Pucci et al. (2015), collaboration with other firm or person
helps in bringing peace in the marketing process.
● Media
Different media like electronics, print, and digital can be used as a medium for advertising.
Chanel has used print media like top magazines to advertise their products. They have
inc=vested a lot for marketing in magazines like Vogue. Moreover, different blogs are used to
publish various strategies of this company and information about products are also given
through this medium. In addition, different popular stars like Keira Knightley has done
advertisements for this company. As stated by Hendrayati and Gaffar (2016), media channel
is a vast network that can be used to involve targeted consumers. Attractive contents and
informative advertisements help in creating a buzz about different products of a company.
● Databases
It is a type of direct marketing that uses different databases of consumers for generating
personalized communications. Main aim of database marketing is to inform and attract
potential customers towards a product or service (Codignola, 2018). Different database like
9

phone number, previous purchasing records, and email IDs are collected by maintaining
ethical standards. This helps to maintain a constant and stable relationship with customers
and retention rate can be increased. Chanel usually connects with different customers who
prefer to use various luxury items and accessories. They provide latest news about brand and
information about nearest boutique is distributed through this strategy of database marketing.
● Conveying message to customers
A proper message regarding brand needs to be conveyed to customers to increase their
knowledge (Tafesse, 2016). Chanel uses content marketing platform to convey their message
regarding their art and quality of materials. Brand message includes different elements like
value proposition that can be used to motivate customers. Chanel promotes messages
regarding women empowerment and other social factors. Moreover, different art and designs
are conveyed through content platforms.
● Email marketing
Many business firms perform marketing and lead generation through the medium of email.
Email marketing is a part of customized marketing can be done to attract potential customers
by offering tier favorite products (Lai et al. 2018). Chanel uses email marketing for meeting
their sales goals. They use this platform of digital media to directly communicate with their
customers. However, sending regular messages to customers can cause irritation to them.
Hence, it can be recommended that use of newsletters can be done for email marketing.
Several messages can be sent all together through the help of this tool. Moreover, new
audience can be given brief about products and services of this company.
● Marketing audit
Marketing audit is a review process of marketing different factors like objectives, planning of
marketing, strategies and different current activities (Hendrayati and Gaffar, 2016). This
helps a firm to increase effectiveness in business and competitive advantage can be achieved.
Chanel reviews different strategies like relationship with suppliers and procurement activity
yearly. Moreover, return on investment can be analyzed on each marketing activity. This can
be done by measuring traffic on websites and social media followers. This helps Chanel to
gain new business ideas and competition depth can be analyzed. For example, a recent audit
shows that 0.25% of fan growth has happened in facebook page of Chanel (Unmetric.com,
2019). Hence, gaps can be pointed out in activities and remedies can be taken.
10

Marketing objectives
Short-term objectives
i. Hiring expert team for improving digital marketing
● Specific: Meeting this objective can help to reach maximum audience within
minimum time.
● Measurable: Increase in sales rate and customer number can be measured after
meeting this objective.
● Achievable: Experts can be hired based on skills and experience by the HR
department of Channel.
● Relevant: Meeting of this objective can help to increase profit margin, which is a
corporate objective of Chanel.
● Time-bound: This objective can be achieved within 1 month.
ii. Improving website for representing the brand in a proper way
● Specific: This company can attract maximum customers towards their product by
meeting this objective.
● Measurable: Number and frequency of visitor at website can be measured by using
technology after meeting this objective to check its effectiveness.
● Achievable: Expert website developer can be hired based on ability and experience
by HR department of Chanel.
● Relevant: Meeting this objective can help the firm to increase efficiency of
marketing, which is a corporate objective of this firm. So, it is relevant.
● Time-bound: This objective can be achieved within 7-10 days.
iii. Improving relationship with customers
● Specific: This is specific as it can help to understand demand of customers.
● Measurable: Feedback can be taken from customers regarding service quality of this
firm after meeting this objective.
● Achievable: This objective can be met by providing training to employees regarding
process of dealing with customers.
● Relevant: This objective is relevant as meeting of this objective can help to provide
better customer service, which is a corporate objective of Chanel.
● Time-bound: This objective can be achieved by 10-12 moments.
Medium-term objectives
i. Launching new range of products
11

● Specific: It is specific as it can help to broaden product line of Chanel.
● Measurable: After meeting this objective, response of customers can be recorded and
assessed.
● Achievable: Collaborative effort of employees can help to achieve this objective of
Chanel.
● Relevant: Meeting this objective is relevant for Chanel as it can help to meet
corporate objectives regarding meeting of expectation of customers.
● Time-bound: This objective can be met within 2 Years.
ii. Increasing brand awareness
● Specific: Meeting this objective can help in sales growth and can lead to economic
growth.
● Measurable: Changes in the size of customer base and number of new customers
within a specific time period can be measured.
● Achievable: It can be achieved with the help of effective marketing strategy.
● Relevant: It is relevant as it can help in enhancing market share, which is a corporate
goal.
● Time-bound: It will take near about 1.5-2 years to be completed.
iii. Growing market share
● Specific: This is specific as meeting this objective can help this organization to earn
more profit from their business.
● Measurable: After meeting this objective, market share of this company can be
evaluated.
● Achievable: This can be achieved by expanding business in existing marketplace.
● Relevant: It is relevant as it helps to meet one corporate objective related to
increasing of sales.
● Time-bound: It will take 1-2 years to be completed.
Long-term objectives
i. Entering new markets
● Specific: It is specific as it can help to target new customers for improving business
performance of Chanel.
● Measurable: Opening of new branches in the new marketplace can be measured with
respect to a specific time period.
● Achievable: It can be achieved by starting a branch in a new marketplace such as
Latin America or the Asia Pacific.
12

● Relevant: It is relevant as it can help to meet corporate objective about business
expansion.
● Time-bound: This objective can take 2-2.5 Years to be met
ii. Increasing sales rate by 20% in coming 3 years
● Specific: This objective is specific as it can help Chanel to improve business
performance.
● Measurable: It can be measured by changes in sales percentage after 3 years
● Achievable: Implementation of advanced marketing strategies can help to meet this
objective.
● Relevant: It is relevant as it can help to ensure financial growth of Chanel, which is a
corporate objective of this firm.
● Time-bound: this objective can be met within 3 years.
iii. Improving relationship with essential stakeholders
● Specific: It is specific as it can help to maintain loyal stakeholders.
● Measurable: Feedback from stakeholders regarding business operations can be
gathered after meeting this objective.
● Achievable: it can be achieved through effective communication and maintaining
product quality.
● Relevant: Meeting of this objective can help to meet corporate objectives related to
increasing efficiency.
● Time-bound: It can be achieved within 3 Years.
Marketing strategy
10 marketing strategies of Channel are the followings,
1. Setting relatively lower price of Grey eye shadow can help Chanel to expand its
business in the UK and France.
2. Conducting market research to identify potential risk and growth factors can help to
expand business of Chanel in UK and France.
3. Focusing on both online and offline promotion of Grey eye shadow can help this
company to attract potential buyers from France and UK.
4. Collecting feedback from existing customers regarding new summer sunglasses
model that will be introduced in the UK and France.
13

5. Preparing plan for creating new summer sunglasses models exclusively for Male
customers.
6. Prepare budget for production of new summer models for UK and France.
7. Promotion of featured watches of Chanel in Latin America before launching this
product to that place.
8. Including additional features in the Featured watch to beat existing Watch
manufacturing companies of Latin America.
9. Producing new Orchid fragrance with rare orchids to enter into the marketplace of
Latin America.
10. Setting lower price of this new product than existing perfume brands in Latin
America.
● Ansoff matrix
Market penetration Product development
a. Lowering price
b. Identifying risks and growth
c. Attract customers through promotion
a. Collecting feedback from customers
b. Planning for new product
development
c. Setting budget
Market development Diversification
a. Promotion of existing product in new
marketplace
b. Adding more features to beat rivals
of new marketplace
a. Producing new product with unique
ingredient
b. Setting lower price of new product
Strategies to achieve ideas
Ansoff matrix shed light on four different areas including market penetration, product
development, market development and diversification (Cerruti et al. 2016). Organizations
such as Chanel needs to develop and implement marketing strategies to achieve success in
each area mentioned in the Ansoff matrix. Market penetration is about enhancing sales of
existing product in existing marketplace. First three strategies have been made to increase
sales of Grey eye shadow in France and UK. this company may set relatively lower price of
this product than rivals to attract maximum customers towards their business. According to
Okonkwo (2016), market research helps in identifying opportunities for growth and potential
14

risks of business. Chanel needs to promote grey eye shadow in social media channels to
attract more female customers towards this product. In addition, promotion through banners
is effective for the promotion of fashion product such as Grey eye shadow.
Product development is about launching new product in existing marketplace (Anim et al.
2018). Chanel has planned for a new summer sunglasses model and it will be launched in the
UK and France. This company needs to gather viewpoints of existing customers towards this
product idea and develop a plan of production accordingly. A budget needs to be created for
the project of new summer sunglasses. As opined by Du et al. (2018), market development
is about entering into a new marketplace with an existing product. This organization is going
to introduce its featured watch in Latin America. They need to promote this product that
targets marketplace to make potential buyers aware of this product (Key and Czaplewski,
2017). This aspect may help this company to get maximum buyers of this watch within
minimum time period in Latin America. In addition, they will add some new features in this
watch to beat existing watch companies of new marketplace.
Diversification is all about entering into new marketplace with a new product (Todeschini et
al. 2017). Chanel is going to introduce a new orchid fragrance in Latin America. This
company must use rare orchids in production to make this product unique. This company
needs to set relatively lower price of this product than other substitute products of Latin
America. This approach may help this company to attract maximum customers of Latin
America towards their new orchid fragrance.
Potential risks
Risks Description of risk Impact of risk Minimization of
risk/alternative
option
Failure in achieving
objectives
Failure in obtaining
objectives like
increasing sales rate
in coming years and
launching new range
of products can
Chanel can lose
competitive
advantage and new
segment of
customers cannot be
gained.
Proper planning
needs to be done and
shortage of resources
must be avoided to
minimize the risk.
15

impact on this firm.
Risk of losing
competitive
advantage can occur
due to this risk
(Khurana and
Ricchetti, 2016).
Brexit Brexit can increase
procurement costs
for manufacturing
units located in
Britain. Moreover,
increase in export
duties can impact on
the economy of the
company by
increasing
operational costs.
Increase in
operational costs can
harm impact in
implementation of
strategies due to low
funds.
Increase in output
from other parts of
the world can help
Chanel to minimize
the costs.
Losing audience Audience can lose
interest in this
company due to low
diversification of
products. Moreover,
attractive offers from
other competitors
can impact on
engagement of
consumers of
Chanel.
Low retention of
customers or
audience can have a
direct impact on
revenue rate of this
firm.
Providing more
focus on digital
marketing and
increasing range of
products can help to
retain audience.
Damaging by
associates
Different partners
may not function
Brand image of this
firm can be
Maintaining direct
and regular
16

properly that can
have a direct impact
on the business of
Chanel.
hampered. communication may
help to reduce this
risk.
This firm has accepted risks from the starting years when the founder has introduced a
feminine fragrance despite the inexperience of the entrepreneur. She has used her name that
also can be identified as a risk that was taken. Chanel has also challenged the conventions of
fashion industry and beauty products (Chanel.com, 2019). This firm has stuck to the same
business idea of selling luxury beauty products that can also be identified as a risk. This risk
can even pull them out of the industry but they survived and given tough competition to other
market players. Hence, it can be said that they accept risks.
Budget
Chanel has published financial report for the first time in their journey of 108 years. They
have mentioned about cash flow of $1.63 billion. At the end of 2017, this luxury brand has
experienced total sales of $9.63 billion. It can be agreed that this company may improve these
statistics within 2-3 years by implementing effective marketing strategies.
Activities Cost ($)
Resource management 20000
Improving marketing of products 10000
Website development 12500
Improving business communication 4251
Total 46,751
Conclusion
From the entire discussion of this study, it can be concluded that strategic marketing is an
important part of business and it can help Channel to ensure business growth. This company
is currently facing competition and implementation of mentioned marketing strategies can
help this company to maximize their customer base from other countries such as Latin
17

America. This company needs to expand its business to capture more market share. They take
risks in many situations to achieve maximum benefit. However, they must analyze both
external and internal factors of business before making any major decisions.
18

Reference list
Anim, P.A., Agbemabiese, G.C., Acheampong, G., Adams, M. and Boakye, E., 2018. Market
Orientation, Innovation, and Business Performance: Insight from Womenpreneurs in the
Fashion Industry in Ghana. Innovation, 4.
Cerruti, C., Mena, C., Skipworth, H. and Tavoletti, E., 2016. Characterizing agile supply
partnerships in the fashion industry. International Journal of Operations & Production
Management, 36(8), pp.923-947.
Chan, A.T., Ngai, E.W. and Moon, K.K., 2017. The effects of strategic and manufacturing
flexibilities and supply chain agility on firm performance in the fashion industry. European
Journal of Operational Research, 259(2), pp.486-499.
Chanel.com. (2019). Home. Available at: https://www.chanel.com/us/ [Accessed on 10th June
2019]
Codignola, F., 2018. Luxury Fashion Brands and Furniture Design: Investigating Strategic
Associations. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 14(4), p.44.
Cravens, D.W. and Piercy, N., 2006. Strategic marketing (Vol. 6). New York: McGraw-Hill.
David, M.E., David, F.R. and David, F.R., 2017. The quantitative strategic planning matrix: a
new marketing tool. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(4), pp.342-352.
Du, P., Xu, L., Chen, Q. and Tsai, S.B., 2018. Pricing competition on innovative product
between innovator and entrant imitator facing strategic customers. International Journal of
Production Research, 56(5), pp.1806-1824.
Felix, R., Rauschnabel, P.A. and Hinsch, C., 2017. Elements of strategic social media
marketing: A holistic framework. Journal of Business Research, 70, pp.118-126.
Hendrayati, H. and Gaffar, V., 2016. Innovation and Marketing Performance of
Womenpreneur in Fashion Industry in Indonesia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 219, pp.299-306.
Hendrayati, H. and Gaffar, V., 2016. Innovation and Marketing Performance of
Womenpreneur in Fashion Industry in Indonesia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 219, pp.299-306.
Key, T.M. and Czaplewski, A.J., 2017. Upstream social marketing strategy: An integrated
marketing communications approach. Business Horizons, 60(3), pp.325-333.
19

Khurana, K. and Ricchetti, M., 2016. Two decades of sustainable supply chain management
in the fashion business, an appraisal. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 20(1),
pp.89-104.
Lai, X., Song, S., Xu, Y. and Chiu, C.H., 2018. Supply Chain Strategic Fit: Two Fashion-
Renting Cases. In Contemporary Case Studies on Fashion Production, Marketing and
Operations (pp. 165-179). Springer, Singapore.
Mcdonald, M.A.L.C.O.L.M., 2016. Strategic marketing planning: theory and practice. In The
marketing book pp. 108-142
Mintel.com (2018), Mintel report, available at
https://www.mintel.com/press-centre/fashion/over-a-third-of-us-millennial-women-say-
social-media-is-a-top-influencer-for-clothing-purchases [Accessed on 11th June 2019]
Okonkwo, U., 2016. Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer.
Pedersen, E.R.G., Gwozdz, W. and Hvass, K.K., 2018. Exploring the relationship between
business model innovation, corporate sustainability, and organizational values within the
fashion industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 149(2), pp.267-284.
Pucci, T., Simoni, C. and Zanni, L., 2015. Measuring the relationship between marketing
assets, intellectual capital and firm performance. Journal of Management &
Governance, 19(3), pp.589-616.
Reports.mintel.com (2018), Mintel report, available at
http://reports.mintel.com/display/875393/ [Accessed on 11th June 2019]
Ryan, D., 2016. Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the
digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers.
Services.chanel.com (2018), Reports of Chanel, available at
http://services.chanel.com/i18n/en_US/pdf/Chanel_CSR_0305_Proof_180620_for_web.pdf
[Accessed on 11th June 2019]
Shen, B., Choi, T.M. and Chow, P.S., 2017. Brand loyalties in designer luxury and fast
fashion co-branding alliances. Journal of Business Research, 81, pp.173-180.
Štefko, R., Kiráľová, A. and Mudrík, M., 2015. Strategic marketing communication in
pilgrimage tourism. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175, pp.423-430.
Tafesse, W., 2016. Conceptualization of brand experience in an event marketing
context. Journal of Promotion Management, 22(1), pp.34-48.
Todeschini, B.V., Cortimiglia, M.N., Callegaro-de-Menezes, D. and Ghezzi, A., 2017.
Innovative and sustainable business models in the fashion industry: Entrepreneurial drivers,
opportunities, and challenges. Business Horizons, 60(6), pp.759-770.
20

Unmetric.com (2019), media analytics, available at https://unmetric.com/brands/chanel
[Accessed on 11th June 2019]
Valaei, N. and Nikhashemi, S.R., 2017. Generation Y consumers’ buying behavior in fashion
apparel industry: a moderation analysis. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An
International Journal, 21(4), pp.523-543.
Varadarajan, R., 2019. Theoretical underpinnings of research in strategic marketing: a
commentary. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 47(1), pp.30-36. [Online]
available at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11747-018-0612-7 [Accessed on 11th
June 2019]
Wang, Y. and Jin, X., 2019. Event-Based Destination Marketing: The Role of Mega-
Events. Event Management, 23(1), pp.109-118.
21