Strategies of Addressing Smoking in Males between Ages 25-29 Years

Running Head: ADRESSING SMOKING
Strategies of Addressing Smoking in Males between Ages 25-29 Years
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STRATEGIES ADRESSING MITIGATING SMOKING HABBIT ON MALES BTWEEN
AGES 25-29 2
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Clinical Intervention Strategies.............................................................................................................5
2.2 Smoking Bans and Restrictions Strategy...............................................................................................6
2.3 Mass Media Campaign Strategy............................................................................................................7
2.4 Community Intervention Strategy..........................................................................................................8
3.0 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................8
4.0 References...........................................................................................................................................10

STRATEGIES ADRESSING MITIGATING SMOKING HABBIT ON MALES BTWEEN
AGES 25-29 3
1.0 Introduction
Previous global surveys indicate that smoking is a worldwide practice as over 945 and
176 million of both adult men and women are active the users, and is expected to increase in
future (Brath et al., 2016). Countries such as China, India Bangladesh, and the United States
record the highest number of smokers globally. However, developing countries such as Ethiopia,
South Africa, and many others, comprises about 73% of the global smokers (Gianino et al.,
2017). The rate of smoking has resulted into a high number of preventable deaths globally, for
example, 80,000 deaths in England, 2,300 deaths in Northern Ireland, and 13,500 Scotland
deaths were attributed to smoking in 2014 (Kaleta et al.,2015). The high rate of smoking
increases the number of smoking-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer that
leads to high percentages of hospitalization of young males in various countries and has made
smoking global health hazard (Jawad et al., 2018). For example, about 1.7 million admissions as
in England in 2014-2015 were attributed to smoking that eventually led to the high percentage of
premature deaths.
These deaths result into high economic costs to the respective countries, for example in
the United Kingdom, smoking about $ 5.2 billion in 2005-2006 in treating smoking-related
diseases and this has negative impacts on both the economic and social well being of a country
(Feirman et al., 2016). Therefore it is upon every country’s government, public, and private
organizations to place strategies to address smoking habit as well as avoiding the high mortality
and mobility rate (Kollins et al., 2013). This paper thus investigates and reports strategies that
could be used to address the high, increasing rate of male smokers between the ages of 25-29

STRATEGIES ADRESSING MITIGATING SMOKING HABBIT ON MALES BTWEEN
AGES 25-29 4
years. The strategies will cover three different levels that are upstream, middle stream and
downstream among the affected.
The demographic distribution of smokers ranges from adolescents to adults, with highest
smokers being the adults. Research indicates that smoking prevalence increases from 12 years
old with averagely 6 % among the 15 -18 years old, 12% among the 18 years old ,15% among
the 20 years old, 22% among 25-29 years old and then dropping to 18 % among the old adults
(Baker & Chang, 2016). Smoking habit begins at childhood stages and establishes during
adolescence, with about 9 out of 10 smokers say that first experience was between the age of 18 -
19 years and advance with age, increasing the risk factors too, thus quitting also becomes
difficult.
To be able to identify the best strategies that can be used to address smoking among the
males between ages of 25-29 years, various factors that attribute to the adoption of smoking
habits among the men must be identified (Dusseldorp et al., 2014). These include social and
physical environments such as media advertisements on tobacco use as a regular activity,
surrounding and influences by peers and the parental nature of smoking. Biological and genetic
factors such as smoking during pregnancy increase the likelihood of the child being a smoker in
future. Lower socioeconomic status such as lack of enough education and income, mental health
such as depression, anxiety, and stress, inadequate support from the parents and accessibility of
the tobaccos are also some significant contributors.