Stroke Document Assesment Analysis

Running Head: STROKE 0
STROKE
[Document subtitle]
FEBRUARY 7, 2020

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Introduction A stroke is the unexpected onset of faintness, shock, paralysis, indistinct
speech, aphasia, issues with vision and other appearances of a sudden
stoppage of blood movement to a specific area of the brain. The rupture
or the blockage stops the blood and oxygen supply in the brain tissues.
Early treatment with effective medication can reduce the chances of
brain damage. Other different treatment options focus on limiting the
complication and avoiding further stroke (Smajlović, 2015). In this
particular report, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic and
treatment option for stroke will be discussed including the role of health
care team and nurses.
Epidemiology Stroke is recognized as the third main reason for deaths among Canadian
adults, after heart disorder and cancer. Particularly in Canada, more than
50,000 strokes happen yearly. A report published by the heart and stroke
foundation in 2015 reported that there has also been an upsurge in
strokes among individuals under 65 and an upsurge in all stroke risk
aspects for a younger adult. Particularly in 2016 around 62000 stroke
cases of stroke reported annually, and more than 400,000 people in
Canada diagnosed with this health issue in 2017 (Heart and stroke
foundation, 2018a).
Pathophysiology A stroke happens when the blood movement towards an area of the
human brain is broken up, leading to some degree of enduring
neurological injury. The two main classes of stroke are an ischaemic and
hemorrhagic stroke. The Ischemic stroke happens due to a lack of blood
supply to the different parts of the brain, starting the ischemic cascade.

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Further, the Brain tissue stops functioning if left without oxygen for
more than 1 to 1.5 minutes and after around three hours will experience
irreversible injury probably leading to the decease of the brain tissue
(Chen, Ovbiagele & Feng, 2016). Damaged parts of the atherosclerotic
plaque can trigger a blood clot to develop, which chunks the blood
vessel. In the embolic type of stroke, blood clots or fragments from
elsewhere inside the human body, characteristically the heart valves,
transport through the cardiovascular system and chunk narrower blood
circulation pathway. Hemorrhage stroke happens when there is a brain
tissue injury by causing the density of tissue from an
increasing hematoma or hematomas (Aiyagari & Gorelick, 2016).
Diagnosis There are different methods are available to diagnose the stroke such as
a physical examination, tests performed on blood samples, the
computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. Other options
may include carotid ultrasound, different cerebral angiograms, and use
of echocardiogram. CT scan and MRI are the most common tests
performed to diagnose a stroke. CT scan uses a range of X rays and an
MRI powerful radio waves and magnets are used (Zerna et al., 2018).
Treatment To manage the ischemic type of stroke a doctor may recommend
emergency IV medication, an endovascular procedure like eliminating
the clot with the stent retriever. For the treatment of hemorrhage stroke
emergency measures, surgery, surgical clipping, surgical AVM
elimination, and stereotactic type of radiosurgery might be used (Lu,
2019). In the IV medication, a drug like tPA (alteplase) is injected up to
4.5 hours after a stroke. In the endovascular procedure, a device with the