Unemployment Among Youth: Causes and Solutions

This annotated bibliography explores the issue of unemployment among youth, focusing on the main reasons behind higher unemployment rates and potential solutions. It discusses the impact of government policies and employers' attitudes on job stability and highlights the importance of identifying the skills needed in the labor market. The bibliography includes articles that provide insights into the consequences of the global economic crisis on young workers, the effectiveness of hiring subsidies, the relationship between the professional activity of older workers and youth unemployment, the role of demographic trends in labor force participation, and factors related to unemployment in Europe.

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Annotated Bibliography- unemployment
Issue Statement: Over the past few years, unemployment has been a major issue on a global
level. There is higher unemployment among the younger workers and less job stability
consistently because of certain policies and initiatives.
Research Question: What are the main reasons behind the higher unemployment among the
youth, and what can be done about it?
My Position: My stance is that the youth, especially those with lower educational level face
difficulties to meet the workplace competence due to advanced industrial economies and
developing technologies. It is essential to understand the supply and demand in the labor market
and design strategies to improve the employment status of young adults.
Summary of the Problem:
The changing demographics in both advanced and developing economies have an impact on the
employment, retention, and training of workers. The government policies and employers’
attitudes have led to higher unemployment and less job stability among the younger workers. It is
essential to identify the skills needed in the labor market and train for those skills to improve
employment among the younger workforce.
Morsy, Hanan. “Scarred Generation: In Advanced Economies, the Crisis Sparked a Huge
Increase in Unemployment among Younger Workers That Will Take a Long Time to
Abate.” Finance & Development, no. 1, 2012, p. 15.

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The article gives useful information on the impact of the recent global economic crisis in
2008on young workers across the globe. The younger workers have a difficult time finding
work, even in advanced economies ever since the global crisis began. This article is significant
as it focuses on the unemployment among youth and the long-term damaging consequences it
can have on their lives. It draws attention to the growing income inequality in advanced
economies and discusses the essential labor and market restructurings that can help address the
issue and bring down youth unemployment that can help strengthen social cohesion.
Bernhard Boockmann, et al. “Do Hiring Subsidies Reduce Unemployment among Older
Workers? Evidence from Natural Experiments.” Journal of the European Economic
Association, vol. 10, no. 4, 2012, p. 735.
This article is significant because it is detailed and offers a number of different strategies
to lower unemployment and is based on administrative data on unemployed job seekers in
Germany. The authors make a comprehensive assessment of hiring subsidies and conclude that
supplementary employment only builds employment slashes in other population groups. The
study was supported by the Federal Ministry of the Economy and Labor (BMWA) and uses the
Institute for Employment Research (IAB) database for the article. The source explains the
consequence of subsidies on the unemployment and its duration.
Chybalski, Filip, and Edyta Marcinkiewicz. “Does the Professional Activity of Older
Workers Contribute to Youth Unemployment? A Cross-Section Study of European
Countries.” Business and Economic Horizons, no. 4, 2014, p. 238.
The article by Filip Chybalski and Edyta Marcinkiewicz is useful as it provides a
professional viewpoint on recent changes in the employment and unemployment rates among the
youth and the older population in Europe. There is evidence that reduced professional activity

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among older people is followed by higher employment among the young. This source will be
used to provide valuable info on how the labor force participation among the elderly, impacts the
employment among youth. The article can be put to further use in developing arguments about
the rising unemployment among the youth.
Hornstein, Andreas, and Marianna Kudlyak. “Aggregate Labor Force Participation and
Unemployment and Demographic Trends.” Working Papers Series (Federal Reserve Bank
of Richmond), vol. 19, no. 8, Mar. 2019, pp. 1–36.
Andreas Hornstein and Marianna Kudlyak study the trends in the labor force participation
and unemployment rate for demographic groups in this article. The study shows how the
demographic factors and increasing educational attainment are the essential drivers of labor force
participation. This is a very detailed, article on the topics of unemployment and role of
demographic changes in the estimated trends. The article would be used to examine the recurrent
unemployment faced by younger adults due to an older and more educated population.
Leonardi, Matilde, et al. “Factors Related to Unemployment in Europe. A Cross-Sectional
Study from the COURAGE Survey in Finland, Poland and Spain.” International Journal of
Environmental Research And Public Health, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1–21.
This article can serve as a useful material to elaborate on the discussion of unemployment
among the youth as it looks into a large number of factors working behind. It focuses on
unemployment samples taken from various demographic sectors based on their socio-
demographic indicators, health habits, and social networks. It is a reliable source as the journal
talks not just about various epidemiological features related to joblessness, but also the need for
better policies and interventions for sponsoring education, in particular for the youth.

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Works Cited

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Bernhard Boockmann, et al. “Do Hiring Subsidies Reduce Unemployment among Older
Workers? Evidence from Natural Experiments.” Journal of the European Economic
Association, vol. 10, no. 4, 2012, p. 735.
Chybalski, Filip, and Edyta Marcinkiewicz. “Does the Professional Activity of Older Workers
Contribute to Youth Unemployment? A Cross-Section Study of European Countries.”
Business and Economic Horizons, no. 4, 2014, p. 238.
Hornstein, Andreas, and Marianna Kudlyak. “Aggregate Labor Force Participation and
Unemployment and Demographic Trends.” Working Papers Series (Federal Reserve
Bank of Richmond), vol. 19, no. 8, Mar. 2019, pp. 1–36.
Leonardi, Matilde, et al. “Factors Related to Unemployment in Europe. A Cross-Sectional Study
from the COURAGE Survey in Finland, Poland and Spain.” International Journal of
Environmental Research And Public Health, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1–21.
Morsy, Hanan. “Scarred Generation: In Advanced Economies, the Crisis Sparked a Huge
Increase in Unemployment among Younger Workers That Will Take a Long Time to
Abate.” Finance & Development, no. 1, 2012, p. 15.