Sustainable Development Goals | Sociology

Running Head: Sociology
Sociology
University Name
Name of Student
Author Note

Sociology 1
Introduction
Chain of safely managed sanitation is important for the protection of health of individuals as well
as communities and the environment.it is to note that scarcity of water affects more than 45% of
people which is an alarming figure projected towards the rise as temperatures. UNDP reported
the improvement of 2.1 billion people regarding water sanitation the year 1990. However proper
access towards adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all individual specifically the
women population belonging from community and rural areas are still a debatable topic. This
essay target to critically discuss the sustainable development goal 6, target2, as set by the United
Nations for completion in the year 2030 (Hoekstra, Chapagain & Van Oel, 2017). While the
sustainable development goals several fundamental human rights issues, these goals recognises
the interdependence of the countries as well as the effect of humans over the environment.
Sustainable development goals forms and international health agent that each and every country
needs to achieve for the development of the infrastructure and revision of the determinants of
health.
According to the United Nations, SDG6, Target 2 states that “ by 2030, achieve access to
adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special
attention to the needs of women and girls and goes in vulnerable situations” (Goal 6: Clean
water and sanitation | UNDP in India. UNDP. 2020).
According to WHO, practice of good hygiene with clean water during sanitation as well
as using clean water before preparing and eating any meal are important for limiting the
transmission of communicable diseases (Guppy, Mehta & Qadir, 2019). However the progress of
India towards the achievement of sustainable goal 6, target 2 which aims was access of adequate
and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all by 2030, is still a debate. This is because according

Sociology 2
to Rah et al., (2015), 163 million people lacks access to save water while to 10 million people are
living without access towards improved sanitation in India. According to the reports the urban
areas in India are better off than the rural areas where community people specifically the women
and children lacks access to proper sanitation and hygiene. Lack of hygiene in India causes some
of the major health challenges like contamination of water and 90% of diarrhoeal deaths due to
unsafe water and degrading hygiene. This situation required the government to ensure effective
implementation of sanitation policy and development of management strategies for the
achievement of sustainable goals 6 as instructed by United Nations.
Historical factors
Hygiene and sanitation are the major public health issue in India (WHO | Water,
sanitation and hygiene interventions and the prevention of diarrhoea. Who.int. 2020). Lack of
proper supply of water, sanitation of the environment, improper disposal of the human excreta
and poor personal hygiene has been contributing to several diarrhoeal diseases throughout the
country of India since decades. In the context of the historical factors, inadequate water is one of
the major reason towards poor sanitation and hygiene causing more than 30% of death threats in
India (Nath, 2003). According to the research studies the death rate is major among children
under 5 years. India have one of the biggest population of the world suffering from more than
50% of the total diseases due to the reason of hygiene and sanitation.
Cultural factors
Low priority accorded to sanitation together with lack of the need and inadequate
sectorial planning contributes to the continued rate of sanitation specifically among rural
villages. From the social perspective, India is a male dominated country with patriarchal society