Sustainable Tourism Research Trends

This assignment tasks you with analyzing the trends and patterns within sustainable tourism research over a 25-year period using a bibliometric approach. The provided references cover various aspects of sustainable tourism, including its political context, community resilience, the role of Indigenous peoples, environmental impacts, and indicators for measuring sustainability. Your analysis should identify key themes, emerging research areas, and potential future directions in this field.

Sustainable
Tourism
Development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
P1.1 stakeholders can benefit from planning.........................................................................3
P1.2 e advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning partnerships4
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................4
P 2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels with reference to
the Canada..............................................................................................................................4
P 2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to Canada..................................................................................6
P 2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to
Canada....................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P 3.1 introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development..........................8
P 3.2 factors that may prevent hinder sustainable tourism development...............................8
P3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability..................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future well being of a
developing tourism destination...............................................................................................9
4.2 analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand............................................10
4.3 evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism...............................................10
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................11
5.1 compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and
an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different...................................11
5.2 evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these destinations
..............................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable tourism development is a type of principle which every tourism company in
the entire destination has to follow including mass tourism as well as niche segment. Sustainable
tourism is related to focusing on environmental conditions, economic factors and social factors.
Tourism industry is the most profitable industry in the entire world as well as they are
contributing to the economy of the country by providing employment opportunities to the people.
Fairmount Pacific Inn is take as example to understand this concept of sustainable tourism. It is a
very famous hotel chain from Canada which is working in many countries. Further in this report
benefits to the stakeholders has been discusses with its advantages and disadvantages. Tourism is
discussed at different level and its importance will be analysed on further development, other
than this, there are different methods available which help in measuring its impact. Other than all
this impact of social, economic and environmental factors on tourism sector will also be
elaborated (Cheng and Wu, 2015).
.
TASK1
P1.1 stakeholders can benefit from planning
 Government- Tour and travel industry is beneficial to the government of Canada
because they are contributing in the revenue generation by selling their services to the
customers and earning large amount of services tax on it which is directly going in the
hands of government.
 Local travel and tourism companies- Canada is a good travelling destination and very
popular also, at the peak time more tourist come there to visit the country and in return to
it, local business of tourism earn lot of money from it. Other than this guides and boods
& beverages companies also get huge profits.

P1.2 e advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning partnerships
 Public and private sectors are working for the betterment of the country as well as for
improving the condition of the economy and well being of the local people.
 Both the sectors have came together for improving the economic conditions of the country
and for solving the issues related to the tourism. They also focuses on infrastructural
development of the Canada.
TASK2
P 2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels with reference to the
Canada.
While planning tourism in Canada there are many factors which can be analysed and these are-:
Strategic planning:
This factor is related to strategy that travel and tourism sector has to build as per the
international laws and legislations because this sector needs to work in different economy to
expand its business. These strategic planning is a technique used by organisations to attract the
large number of customers in tourism sector.
International level:
For working internationally, Canada has to develop their technologies related to
transportation and other infrastructure facilities because it is important for them to enhance their
tourism market at the international level as well as to attract the international customers for
which Canada need to make a good and strong strategy (Carr, Ruhanen and Whitford, 2016).
Short term:
Short term tourism is related to when customers come for a shorter time but large
numbers of people come to visit the place. So it is important for the company to plan their
packages according to ti s that it can entertain every type of customers.
National level:
It is a country or national level for the tour and travel organisation to work in which they
need to satisfy the customers need and also compete with the competitors. For doing all this
company have to make a good strategy plans and some policies which help them to deal all such
situations in specific geographical area.

Regional level:
It is a much bigger level for Canada tourism sector to work, in there it has to provide
many other and additional services for satisfying the needs of customers. at regional level
analysing the demands and needs of people are very much important for the survival in the
market because there are many other companies also working there.
Environmental level:
It is related to the activities which company is performing should be in the favour of the
environment and does not harm it in anyways. It help the organisation to attract more customers,
activities included in this are reducing the pollution, gas emission and other harming activities
which is not ethical for the environment.
Quantitative measures:
This is the level in which organisation focuses on finding out the result or their
performance by measuring it through feedback from the customers. it help them in improving
their behaviour to perform the tasks.
Economic level:
It is related to the stability of the economy because fluctuations can affect the
performance of the organisation. Tourism plans made by the company should be very carefully
observed in context to the economic condition of the country and after that Fairmount plan the
package of tours to attract their customers (Negruşa and et. al., 2015).
Qualitative:
Qualitative factor shows the result in non numeric form, it tell about the quality of the
services performed by the organisation . it help them to take corrective action to improve its
performance.
Social level:
Social level is related to the culture and preference of people in Canada. It mainly depict
the culture of their customers which help them in planning their packages accordingly so that
every need can be satisfied. It also help the Fairmount to make such plans which not not hurt
anyone emotionally or socially.

P 2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to Canada.
Interactive planning system is related to the future planning which organisation’s do for
designing their future for getting the desirable result and to attain a level of growth in
tourism industry. In the context of Canada, sustainability tourism is a better way to attract
more customers and to increase their business worldwide. Some of the interactive planning
which company does are-:
Sustainable tourism help in protecting the environment from any kind of exploitation. It is
helping organisation in achieving the development and growth. Social factors should also be kept
in mind while formulating and implementing the plan so that it can help them to influence
customers to choose their organisation and not others. To preserve the natural resources in
Canada with the help of proper planning and strategy is helping them to accomplish their goals.
It also make sure to spread the awareness about the organisation so that everyone can know
about its existence. With proper planning Fairmount can plan a good segmentation strategy
which will help them to expand in the market and capture most of it. In making strategy the very
first step is to make a plan in which things are decided like how, where and when which will
help in achieving the objective of the organisation. It gives a path or direction in the form of
framework that hep the company in running their activities and to get a good result. Travel and
tourism industry do the same for achieving the goals and objectives of their company with the
help of these planning system frameworks which act as a guide for them (Budeanu and et.
al.,2016).
P 2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to Canada.
There are large numbers of methods available which help in finding out the impact of
tourism in reference to the Canada ad such are-:
Cambridge Economic Influence Model:
Cambridge economic influence model is a tool which companies including Fairmount are
using to determine the impact f economics on the tourism of any area. It is important of the
organisation to develop some plans and strategy if they want to manage the tourism industry as
well as it needs to find out the Canada’s value for making it sustainable. It is in the form of
spreadsheet which provide information of local or national level. Volume is also an important
part of the Cambridge economic model which means number of visitors visit Canada as a tourist

on an average. These spreadsheets is also very helpful in finding out the information of
purchasing power of visitors, income of local people and no. of jobs supported by this sector in
Canada. Cambridge economic influence model is a source of information which provide a
direction to the company for achieving the growth and goals of the company.
Environment impact analysis:
Environmental impact analysis is again a tool which help the tourism companies to make
their plans and strategy which does not harm environment or contribute in it. It give them a
detailed information of nature, economy and other surrounding which is interrelated to the
tourism activities. This can get affected or can affect the organisation, Canada tourism and travel
industry is putting their entire focus on eliminating negative impact. Environment is an
important factor for the organisation which help them to attract the customers.
Pro poor tourism:
Pro poor tourism is made with the concept of eradicating the poverty from the society.
There are many non government agencies as well as some associations whose priority is to
promote this pro poor tourism thing so that they ca get the best out of it. It will also help the
Canada economy to develop and grow, it include providing every facility to all income group
people so that they can improve their standard of living and spread the message of equality
among all (Amir and et. al.,2015).
Responsible tourism
Responsible tourism is more related to the responsibility of social, economical and
environmental impact on the organisation. It help in finding out the benefits which company and
individuals are getting from it. Responsible tourism provide better working conditions and brand
image of the company as well as it is giving positive contribution from the part of organisation
which increases the natural and cultural diversity tourism sector. They try to provide an amazing
experience to their clients or customers so that it can attract more of them and to retain the
existing one. It is also providing help to physically disabled people by giving them their
requirements and respect so that they can also enjoy their life.

TASK 3
P 3.1 introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development
Sustainable tourism development is a type of principle which every tourism company in the
entire destination has to follow including mass tourism as well as niche segment.
Sustainable tourism is related to focusing on environmental conditions, economic factors
and social factors. Tourism industry is the most profitable industry in the entire world as
well as they are contributing to the economy of the country by providing employment
opportunities to the people and improving the standard of living.
P 3.2 factors that may prevent hinder sustainable tourism development
Major factor that hinders the development of sustainable tourism are new construction of
buildings, roads, hotels and restaurants that are damaging the beauty of the tourist places.
Old heritage building are getting disappeared in the shine of newly build. This also
impacting the prices of lands in Canada so, local people are selling their lands to outside
community.
P3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability
There are different stages available for planning sustainability in travel and tourism
industry-:
 Setting objectives- At this stage, objective behind the plan is decided the purpose of its
existence which help the organisation to achieve their goals and targets.
 Survey existing data- This is the stage in which an individual or organisation take help of
current data which is available. It help them understand the present situation to plan the
future.
 Implementing new survey- After analysing the current data, new survey is conducted by
the organisation to find out the market demand and requirements.
 Resource analysis- This is the next step in which individual try to find out the availability
of resources for future activities of the company.
 Policy and plan formation- Once analysis of every factor is done, plans and some
strategies are made by the individual for proper running the activities of the organisation.
Implementation- This is the second last stage in which the planning is finally converted into
action carefully. Implementation should be logical and feasible (Farmaki and et. al., 2015).

 Monitoring- This is the evaluation phase in which monitoring of plans take place to find out
the mistake and deviations in the performance.
TASK 4
4.1 evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future well being of a
developing tourism destination.
Conflict is a very natural thing in every industry and organisations. Fairmount is working
at very large level serving many countries with number of offices and large number of
employees working with them. There are chances that sometimes idea of one person does
to match which the other it can create a conflict among the persons. Conflict is not good
for the performance of any organisation because it only reduces their profitability and
productivity. There are many conflict issues exist related to the government, tour operator
and developers. Some of the reasons behind conflicts are cultural diversity as well as
variation in cultures of tourist and operators etc. there are many other reasons for the
happening of conflict in tourism industry. There are may rule and policies made in this
regard so that activities can take place properly as well as a good communication take
place. There are some higher authorities who help in resolving these fights and issues to
save the image of the company. Some examples related to this situation are-:
Agents of tourism sector-
Tourism sector have many agents who are working with different brand names but
sometime because of some misunderstanding or to put the other down, some conflict take place.
It is not good for the image of the company because it affect their customers as well as the brand
also. These agents provide their services to many customers at a time or may the customer take
different services from different agent can be the reason of conflict in them (Ruhanen and et. al.,
2015).
There are some methods made to solve these issues and one of them is to c=maintain a
coordination. It is an important element for smooth functioning of the business
organization because it provide a independency to the employees which make them work
accordingly. Canada tourism sector is promoting these solutions to the tourism ins=dustry
for their good performance. Government is also taking initiative in improving the woring

condition of Canada travel and tourism industry because it is very much contributing in
their economy.
4.2 analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand
Implications of sustainable tourism development Date- 14 May,
2019
From- XYZ
It is very important for the organisation to meet with the demand and supply in a proper
manner so that organisation’s goal can be achieved.. travel and tourism sector is
coordinating between them to get the best results out of them. Supply take place in this
industry as per the demand in the market. Organisations are needed to frame some good
plans and startegies for running their business activities to get the best results out of them
(Dabphet, Scott and Ruhanen, 2012). If products and services company is offering is
according to the requirement of customers their business will grow and sales will increase
very much. Environmental analysis helps in get relevant information about both internal
and external environment of Canada so that important steps can be taken by the tourism
operators. Apart from this, to balance supply and demand company is required to analyse
the preferences and choice of general public because they have to serve them only. In
travel and tourism industry sometimes some issues occur when demand is different from
the supply in that case it creates chaos and dissatisfaction among consumers.
4.3 evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism
Ethical and moral issues Date- 14 May, 2019
From- XYZ
Travel and tourism is an important industry of any country, which is having many unethical
issues which is directly and indirectly affecting the performance or image of the company.
Economic conditions are not stable in some countries which affect the business procedures that
bring many problems like issues of transportation, finance and human resources etc. They create
some sort of hurdles in the activities. Canada is one of the countries which taking initiative to

improve its economic conditions so that proper results can be achieved. In travel and tourism
sector main unethical issues are leakage of income, green issues, false advertisement and
unethical consumer issues. In case of Canada, it is facing unethical problems because citizen is
not having good disposable income which is negatively impacting the productivity of the
organisations working in it as well as affecting the profit ratio. So to remove these problems
some steps should be taken by providing the fixed budgets.
TASK 5
5.1 compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an
emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different
There are two different countries which is suffering from many issues which is creating
problem in their performance. –:
Issues Canada Colombia
Environmental issues Country is facing a lot of
environmental issues which is
affecting their performance.
Canada is facing issues like lot
of pollution, hot weather and
gases emission. These are
impacting the environment of
Canada which is hazardous for
the health of people living
there (Mihalic, 2016).
Colombia is full of resources
like capital, land and labour
but they have no plans or
strategies for effectively or
efficiently using it. This is
indirectly harming the
resources by wasting it or
misusing it. It is increasing the
cost of the companies working
in Colombia.
Economic issues Canada’s economic condition
is very much stable and
helping the organisations to
properly performing their
activities. They have good
plans and strategies for
running the industries I the
Colombia has good liquidity
power but their financial
situation is not very good
which is really affecting the
profitability of the companies
working in there. Colombia
does not have proper planning

country. Canada’s tax rate is
not stable; it keeps on
fluctuating which directly
affect the business
organisation.
and controlling measures to
improve their economic
conditions.
5.2 evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these destinations
Suggestion for travel and tourism industry of Canada is to utilise the resources very properly so
that is does not get wasted and as well as contributing in the protection of environment by
improving their activities. Tourism sector has to focus more on the demand of customers so that
they can contribute in satisfying their needs (Edgell Sr, 2016). Customers are the very important
element of the tourism sector and satisfying their needs are the only porous for which they exist.
Analysing the choice hep the companies to bring appropriate services in the market and it will
increase their productivity as well as profitability.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that travel and tourism sector of Canada is the
most contributing most in the economy as well as in its development. It is also a good factor
for increasing the employment opportunities for the people, apart from this it is important
for organisation to maintain a good relationship with the customers to serve them better.
Stakeholders also play a very important role in the success of the tourism sector. other than
this, some of the conflicts has been also discussed in the report and after analysing it, some
of the solutions have been found to solve it.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Edgell Sr, D. L., 2016. Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Routledge.
Mihalic, T., 2016. Sustainable-responsible tourism discourse–Towards
‘responsustable’tourism. Journal of Cleaner Production. 111, pp.461-470.
Ruhanen and et. al., 2015. Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: A 25-year
bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 23(4). pp.517-535.
Farmaki and et. al., 2015. Politics and sustainable tourism: The case of Cyprus. Tourism
management. 47. pp.178-190.
Amir and ., 20et. al.,15. Sustainable tourism development: A study on community resilience for
rural tourism in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 168. pp.116-122.
Budeanu and et. al.,2016. Sustainable tourism, progress, challenges and opportunities: an
introduction.
Negruşa and et. al., 2015. Exploring gamification techniques and applications for sustainable
tourism. Sustainability. 7(8). pp.11160-11189.
Carr, A., Ruhanen, L. and Whitford, M., 2016. Indigenous peoples and tourism: the challenges
and opportunities for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 24(8-9),
pp.1067-1079.
Cheng, T. M. and Wu, H. C., 2015. How do environmental knowledge, environmental
sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An
integrated approach for sustainable island tourism. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism. 23(4). pp.557-576.
Boley, B. B., McGehee, N. G. and Hammett, A. T., 2017. Importance-performance analysis
(IPA) of sustainable tourism initiatives: The resident perspective. Tourism
Management. 58. pp.66-77.
Hashemkhani Zolfani and et. al., 2015. Sustainable tourism: a comprehensive literature review
on frameworks and applications. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja. 28(1).
pp.1-30.
Lee, T. H. and Hsieh, H. P., 2016. Indicators of sustainable tourism: A case study from a
Taiwan's wetland. Ecological Indicators. 67. pp.779-787.
Bramwell and et. al.,2017. Twenty-five years of sustainable tourism and the Journal of
Sustainable Tourism: Looking back and moving forward.
Coccossis, H., 2017. Sustainable tourism and carrying capacity: a new context. In The Challenge
of Tourism Carrying Capacity Assessment (pp. 19-30). Routledge.
Hall, C. M., 2016. Intervening in academic interventions: framing social marketing's potential
for successful sustainable tourism behavioural change. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism. 24(3). pp.350-375.