Sustainable Tourism Development

This document discusses the stakeholders' benefits from planning tourism development, advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism attractions, features of tourism development planning at national and regional levels, the significance of interactive planning systems, and methods to measure tourist impact. It also explores the social-cultural, environmental, and economic impacts in developing countries and emerging destinations.

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Sustainable tourism development
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Contents
TASK 1: Stakeholders’ benefits from planning of tourism development.....................................................3
Government involvement........................................................................................................................3
Advantages of Public/Private Sector Tourism Attractions...........................................................................4
Disadvantages of Public/Private Sector Tourism Planning Partnerships......................................................5
TASK 2: Feature of Tourism Development Planning....................................................................................6
National level of development and planning...........................................................................................6
Regional level of development and planning...........................................................................................6
Significance of Interactive Planning Systems and Processes in tourism Development............................6
Methods Available to Measure Tourist Impact............................................................................................8
Economic Measure..................................................................................................................................8
Environmental Measure..........................................................................................................................8
Social Measure........................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3 .......................................................................................................................................................10
Covered in poster..................................................................................................................................10
Task 4: current issues related to tourism development planning..............................................................10
Methods of Resolving Conflicts Of Interest in Tourist Development Destination..................................10
Public involvement.......................................................................................................................10
Management team.......................................................................................................................10
Government Involvement.............................................................................................................11
Implications of balancing supply and demand...........................................................................................11
Moral and Ethical of Enclave Tourism........................................................................................................12
Task 5: social-cultural, environmental and economic impacts in developing countries and emerging
destinations...............................................................................................................................................13
Evaluation with Recommendations...........................................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................16

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TASK 1: Stakeholders’ benefits from planning of tourism development
Government involvement
During tourism planning and developments, it is important to involve the government of that
particular country. Apparently, most of the tourism attraction areas are owned by the
governments simply because most of them are natural resources and therefore do not belong to
individuals. However, governments can also choose to delegate the ownership duty to certain
organizations who now take charge of the resource on behalf of the government. On the other
hand, there also some other tourist attraction sites that are not entirely natural but man made that
are owned by individuals or organizations (Harrison, 2008). These organizations are in charge of
caring and managing the projects. However, it is very important for them to involve the
government in their planning and developing the attraction site. According to the case study, the
Philippine Tourism Industry will benefit from involving the president who represents the
government of Philippine. The industry’s aim was to market itself to the public as well as foreign
countries. By involving the government, the industry’s profile will improve therefore increase
the number of tourists visiting the sites. Every tourist will want to visit a site in which the
government is involved in marketing or funding. This will in return lead to a rise in returns.
The president is a high ranking person in the country and most importantly, is the most important
person for every country, therefore by involving him in marketing, the number of tourists visiting
such sites will surely increase. Therefore, wherever that he/she goes, has to be safe and secure.
This means that when the president visits the Philippine Tourism Industry, it is just to confirm,
that the place is secure, comfortable and actually attractive. The industry was willing to use the
president as the bit for attracting more tourists to their site. Therefore, they were sure that many
tourists would certainly want to see the place where the president had visited and took pictures.

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Also they would want to experience all the things that the president had experienced. Being
important, popular among many, famous and rich, many tourists will want to have the same
feeling and experience that the president had at the place. Therefore, this will make many more
tourists to be curious about the site more than they ever did and will force them to visit the place
to satisfy their curiosity. By attracting more tourists the profits and the returns will be more and
the stakeholders will get more dividends.
There more stakeholders who will get benefited by the rise in tourism industry and those are-
 Tourism enterprises and their associations: With the rise in tourism in a specific country,
the tourism enterprises are able to expand their customer base and earn more profits. The
tourism business houses try their best to make their package as good as possible by
choosing destinations which are more attractive and impels people to go there for
vacation.
 Financial Institutions: All the financial institutions providing financial help to the tourism
industry get benefited too. As the payment of loans and debts is done by the tourism
enterprises. Also financial institutions support government initiative and when they are
able to attract more travelers, hence they get their investment back with interest.
 Tourism consultants, employee and professionals: People working in tourism industry
gets benefited with the increase in the numbers of travelers as more people approach
them for assistance and services.
 Tourism education and training center: the government of Philippines runs its own
tourism education and training center, there are many other institutions too. With rise in

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 5
number of applications for education and training, government earns as well as they are
able to train more people to assist the flow of travelers.
 Travelers: Ultimately it comes to the main stakeholder in tourism industry, Travelers.
These are the people who take the various services provided by the companies. Better
tourism in a country guarantees better services to the travelers.
 Local population: Whenever there is a rise in tourism for specific place, that place gets
developed. But How? Answer is very simple, government ensures safety and security,
tourism related business develops new infrastructure for the travelers, and travelers spend
money in the visiting area as to take something home as a memory, resulting in more
cash flow to the area.
Concluding it, we can say all the stakeholders gets benefited by the rise in tourism in a country.
With the rise in number of travelers globally, this is the global opportunity for the people,
business and governments to offer more attractive products.
Advantages of Public/Private Sector Tourism Attractions
Increased jobs in sector: There is increased job creation and therefore more employment
opportunities for the youths and other people. Most importantly, the tourist attraction sites create
jobs for the people living in the rural areas who have no chance of getting jobs in the urban areas.
Source of income: It is a good and long term source of income for the government, stakeholders
and the employees as well. This is simply because most of these tourist attraction sites are
natural and therefore their chances of getting depleted are low and limited. Therefore, it is
possible that they can last for a very long period of time.

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Economical development: The attraction site has the possibility of bringing about economic
development in a country. When jobs are created and more people are employed, unemployment
rate is low and therefore there is an overall improvement of living standards of the people which
makes them able to acquire basic necessities.
Increasing foreign exchange: By bringing revenue to a country, they increase the money that is
available for the government spending. The government will have a chance to develop roads,
health centers, provide public utilities, improve education systems among other things that the
government must do for its citizens. Therefore, this means that general infrastructural
development in a country will improve.
Cost control: Partnership in the both can give better cost control in the development which can
provide cost effectiveness to the both partners.
Divide of risk: It can help to the sector the to minimize the risk in the development which
secures the personal interest of the partners.
Disadvantages of Public/Private Sector Tourism Planning Partnerships
Damage to sites: Tourist attraction sites are mostly based on fragile natural and cultural
environment where by human actions can cause great damage. The human actions can cause
damage to the resources themselves which will probably not function the same way anymore or
lose its sense of attractiveness. For this reason, tourism attraction management should make sure
that they have make people around these site feel to be part of the sites so that they can take care
of the sites.

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Negative impact on the sites: There are so many negative environmental and social costs that
accrue to most of the tourist attraction sites. It is important to note that attraction sites should be
environmentally friendly and should not cause cultural, political or social interference among the
surrounding communities. However, some of the attraction sites do cause problems when it
comes to social costs and environmental threats to the community which should not be the case.
Less impact of public sector: Most of the times partnership in between the public and private
sector has a less impact of the public sector companies which can decrease the public interest.
TASK 2: Feature of Tourism Development Planning
National level of development and planning
This is where the tourism industry make use of a national public figure ,volunteer or a certain
private organization that collaborates with government well to create a desirable public figure for
itself. The industry aims at using the famous, popular and well known public figures to market
and advertise itself. For example the use of presidents, artists, legends, national winners among
other public figures that may be available. From the case study, the Philippine Tourism Industry
used its president (who is a public figure who is well known in the country) to create a high
profile for itself and increase the value of its image to other tourists. In addition to that, the
president took a photo that was certainly displayed for the public to see.
Regional level of development and planning
This is also known as the local level of development process. It involves the use of local
communities as a tool for marketing and advertising. The industry uses the specific towns and
cities to make itself known to the public and other tourists. This may include the creation of jobs,
employing local people to work there; improving their living standards by paying them sufficient

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incomes to name just but a few ways for an industry to publicize itself. Apparently, by doing
this, these people involved will certainly spread the good news about the industry to the people
in order to improve its reputation and attract more tourists. They can also give advice to the
tourists about why they should choose the industry over others by demonstrating to them the
advantages that they will receive from their tourist attraction sites.
Significance of Interactive Planning Systems and Processes in tourism Development
In order for a tourism industry to have successful developments, it has to have a clear and
understandable interactive relationship with the public and other people that must be involved in
the planning process. This means that apart from having a clear planning system and process for
development, the surrounding community and the government should be involved in the decision
making process. The industry should ensure that they have 100% support from the surrounding
community. They will also have to make sure that their processes, plans and systems are legal to
be undertaken and therefore they should involve the government and other legal authorities
(Woosnam, 2012). They should make sure that they have enough support from all those
individuals and entities that will be involved in the planning process.
Apparently, during the development of the tourism industry, at most times there has been
increased rates of negative impacts to the communities. Therefore, by involving the community
in coming up with the systems and plan for development in their region will decrease the rates at
which these problems and challenges arise and affect the community. This is because the
community itself is given a chance to air their thoughts on what the challenges can be
experienced and how they may be avoided. Therefore, it is important to have an interactive
section in the development plan. Additionally, having the interactive relationship will reduce the
cost for implementing the plan and the decisions. This is simply because the contribution will be

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 9
community based or funded by the government which makes it less costly. It is easier to
implement the decisions that are publicly agreed and decided upon than those that are secretly
decided upon (Gursoy et al, 2010). Therefore, by involving the public in the development plan,
their chances of implementation are higher than when the community is not involved.
Methods Available to Measure Tourist Impact
Economic Measure
This involves the improvement in economy of the specific country, town or city. When the
tourism industry is developed, the government will get more income from the tourists’ payments
and therefore increase the money available for the government to spend on its nation’s
development. Also, the tourist industry development creates job opportunities for many people
and therefore it increases the employment rates (Scheyvens et al, 2008). When employment rate
is increased, people who were not in a position to earn any income will have a source of income.
This will improve their living standards and therefore improve their economic status. General
economic improvement starts with individual improvement then the community and lastly the
country’s economic improvement.
With tourism development there will also be emergence of new businesses and development of
the existing businesses. Businesses that are related to tourist support like hotels will definitely
emerge. This will bring many returns for the businesses apart from creating jobs and creating
wealth for the employees and business owners. All these will certainly lead to economic
development in the end.

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Environmental Measure
This involves the development of the environment in which the industry is located. Most of the
tourist attraction sites are the natural and cultural resources. Apparently, they make up the
environmental part of the surrounding. Therefore, increased development of the tourist industry
will lead to these resources being used and utilized very effectively and efficiently. Nonetheless,
the reason will be to improve the environment and to derive benefits from it. Therefore, this
means that if the industry is to bring profits, it has to be treated well and with great care in order
for it to produce the best profits (Woosnam et al, 2012). However, there are some activities that
may cause damage to the environment which must be avoided e.g. using the site to its depletion
point, misusing the resources for other purposes apart from tourist attraction purposes, causing
pollution to the resource among other things.
Social Measure
This involves the social cultural differences that are always there between the tourists and the
surrounding community or the culture of the communities involved with the tourists. When there
is increased tourism industry development, there will be more of the tourists willing to see the
attraction sites and therefore they bring their cultures with them. Apparently, the people involved
with them like the industry’s employees are likely to be affected by the culture which may lead
to effects on their social status as well (Gursoy et al, 2010). Also, the tourists also get affected by
the culture of the community. This may therefore bring about cultural conflicts or borrowing
between the two groups. Nevertheless, it is important for the industry to ensure that the negative
impacts are avoided and the positive impacts out way the negative ones.

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TASK 3
Covered in poster
Task 4: current issues related to tourism development planning
Methods of Resolving Conflicts Of Interest in Tourist Development Destination
Public involvement
The surrounding community should be involved in such developments. This is because the
probability of them being the main supporters or of the project is very high. This may include in
terms of offering their services and products. It is important to include the public in the decision
making process and be completely interested in their opinions and ideas emanating from them
and which may bring advantage to the project. This is going to reduce any differences as the
needs and issues of the society around will be made a made priority.
Make sure that the interests of all the groups of people who will be involved are taken care of.
That includes the public, the educationalists, tourists themselves, community, government, local
business people, nature enthusiasts to name just but a few.
The organization in charge should make sure that it has mentioned and defined the objectives,
goals and its aim. It should also include the definition of its responsibilities, procedures and
duties to the public.
Management team
Make sure that it has chosen the best management team. The team should be ready to offer
support and cooperation to the organization in charge. The team should also be experienced, be
professional and should be experts on all the fields that they have to be involved in.

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Government Involvement
Apart from involving the public, the organization in charge should make sure that the
government is involved in the development plan and procedure of a tourism destination. This is
simply because most of the tourist attraction sites are naturally available and so are owned by the
government. This means that any step to be taken to effect change on the resource, the
government must be notified otherwise problems will arise between the organization in charge
and the country’s government. Therefore, when the government is involved, they come up with
their own ideas and views on what should be done about the resource. They should be involved
in the decision making on the change of their own assets or resource. This will decrease the rates
of challenges and problems that may arise because even their interests are included in the
development plan.
Implications of balancing supply and demand
Therefore, the implications of balancing demand and supply is for the organization to get more
profit, satisfy the tourists needs, satisfy the needs of the public (surrounding society) and the
government to get revenue from serving the tourists. Also the government may want to be the
best provider for tourist attraction site than other countries. This may arise from the fact that
there is a lot of competition from many other countries that are known for their tourist attraction
sites. Therefore, the government may desire to be the best among all the others and so it has to
make sure that the demand for the sites and the supply are all balanced. Apparently, this is the
ticket for country to being the best attraction site provider. Also a country may be aiming to
increase its service and product provision to the public. That includes things like better
environmental services, better social services and class, increase and improved economic status,
better living standards, creation of jobs and therefore unemployment reduction. All these may be

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 13
reasons for a country’s government to desire to balance both the supply and demand of the
tourist attraction sites.
There are some challenges that arise when a tourist attraction site tries to balance both the
demand and supply of the product or service. Therefore, according to any attraction site, it is all
about increasing the number of the sites and attracting more tourists (Dyer et al, 2007). Therefore
when the tourists attraction site are increased (supply) there arises a lot of environmental
degradation and damage. This arises from places where the game reserves and national parks are
being constructed. The aim of such activity is to increase the numbers of the attraction sites so
that the demand can be reached. However, there are holes made on the ground, vegetation is
destroyed so that animals can get somewhere to be kept among other things. Also there is
increased construction of buildings and houses for accommodation like hotels and rental houses.
This can lead to a lot of noise and air pollution because of the noise and dust from the
construction sites respectively.
Moral and Ethical of Enclave Tourism
There are morals and ethics that are related to the development of the tourism sector just like
there are in other fields and development projects. Apparently, there are ethics on income
earning, advertisements and marketing, employment and consumption. When it comes to the
false advertisement ethics and morals, the government or organization in charge should make
sure that there is no false advertisement. The advertisement should be reasonable, true,
understandable and effective. Also for the employment ethics and morals the people employed
should be experts, experienced, skilled and professional on their jobs and responsibilities. They
should exercise their skills in their specific areas and not go over their range.

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However, from the case study, the Philippine Tourism Agency has come up with other ethics and
morals that they do not want to lose. This is the value for the environment and their social
culture. Apparently, they have realized that the development of their tourism industry has caused
so many negative effects on both the environment and their social status (Schilcher, 2007). The
development has caused things like pollution, environmental degradation, traditional practices
being replaced with the tourists cultures to name just but a few. Therefore they came up with the
sustainable development plan concept which they are to use in order to benefit more rather than
lose. This is a type of ethics and moral standards that should be emulated by every country that is
trying to change its tourism industry for better. However, the government or organization in
charge should ensure that the ethics and morals are publicly agreed upon especially with the
surrounding community so that they can have their support 100% and also participate in
initializing and implementing the ethics and morals.
Task 5: social-cultural, environmental and economic impacts in developing countries and
emerging destinations
Thailand and Philippine
Thailand Philippine
Socio-cultural aspects
The largest tourist attraction sites are the
resorts that have been built there. They are
extremely modernized and very attractive for
the tourists. These are attractive to the tourists
because they get the chance to entertain
themselves with sex, drinks in the clubs and
bars. This has already caused a lot of changes
for the cultures of the people living around
the resorts because of the emergence of
prostitution as a job of choice. Therefore, it
causes loss to the cultural practices and
traditions of those communities which end up
Socio-cultural aspects
The tourism industry development has caused
so many socio costs especially when it comes
to the negative cultural effects. The
destination’s surrounding communities have
been adversely affected by the emergence of
some other new cultural practices which have
been being practiced by the tourists that visit
the areas. This has caused them a lot because
they seem to lose their traditions and adapt
those of the tourists.

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adopting the tourism culture and freedom.
Economic aspects
Currently, tourism is the best industry that
provides the government with revenues and
returns for its investments. Apparently, the
government has made sure that the country
has upgraded the resort buildings and has
installed all the new and modern technology
that is needed by the tourists. This has
increased the rate at which the tourists wish to
visit the resorts and therefore creating more
revenue for the government and the
organizations in charge.
Economic Aspects
The tourism industry is yet to be one of the
best industries in the country that provides
more income and improves the economy of
the country in the near future. At the moment,
this destination relies on a different source of
income or factor to improve its economic
status. However, Philippine is trying its very
best to improve its tourism industry and also
implement the concept of sustainable
development.
Environmental Aspects
There is a lot of damage to the environment in
Thailand because of the development of
tourism industry in the country. There are the
common problems about pollution but the
causes of the highest pollution rates are
different. Apparently, the water pollution in
Thailand is caused by coral bleaching and
damage to the marine ecosystem. However,
the difference is that the bleaching can be
occur naturally or can be induced by the
human activities. Therefore, it becomes
different from the causes of pollution in
Philippine.
Environmental Aspects
The county has faced a lot of pollution for the
last many years due to the development of the
tourism industry. Apparently there has been
noise, water and air pollution more often than
before the development was implemented.
This has caused certain problems to the public
like spread of diseases and emergence of
others which has become a main problem for
the communities surrounding the tourism
sites. Apparently the pollution is caused by
littering of dirt in the rivers and oceans,
channeling of chemicals and other things into
the water reservoirs.
PERU HUNGARY
Economic Aspects
The development of the tourism industry in
Peru has led to specific developments of the
country especially when it comes to
infrastructure. The infrastructure in the
country has greatly been upgraded to the
modern level. Also, the use of the new
modern technologies in coming with new
ways and methods of constructing the
infrastructure in the country has currently
become a big decision for the government.
The aim is to ensure that the tourists are
comfortable and desire to visit the place not
just one time but more than once.
Economic Aspects
However in Hungary the main economic
effects that are caused by the development of
the tourism industry are the normal effects
that come to any other country like
employment due to increase job creation,
income provision for the individuals as well as
the for the country as a whole and increased
returns and revenues for the stakeholders and
the government. Apparently, those are the
main changes that are involved when it comes
to economic differences.
Environmental Aspect
The main tourist attraction sites are the
landscapes like the mountains, eg Mach
Picchu landscape. They are responsible for
Environmental Aspect
The main environmental effects are caused by
the production and consumption processes.
They include the pollution, globalization,

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 16
attracting more tourists than other resources
in the country. Therefore, this means that in
case of a problem with the landscape, there
arise adverse effects that affect the
communities around the area. So most of the
problems arise from the results of land scape
problems.
climate change among other things.
Evaluation with Recommendations
The development in Thailand is certainly increasing and improving at a high rate than that of
Philippine. In Thailand the tourism industry has already developed to a very high level that
cannot be lowered easily and that is the reason as to why it is currently the main source of the
country’s revenues and income for both the government and the citizens. I would recommend the
government to keep on the pace but should not ignore the fact that practices like prostitution is
illegal in country but highly being practiced especially in the tourist attraction areas. Therefore, it
should make sure that the tourists respect the country’s rules and regulation no matter what.
Tourism industry development in Peru has been growing at a slow rate but is currently one of the
main providers of revenue for the country. However, I would recommend it to increase
investments on the development to be able to increase its level and earn more from the tourists.
As for Philippine and Hungary the developments and the effects are almost the same and so they
both have to make sure that during the process and planning, they have averaged their effects and
therefore make sure that the positive effects out way the negative effects. Also they should be in
a position to increase their tourist attraction sites.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 17
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