Sustainable Tourism Development in Qatar: A Comprehensive Analysis

This comprehensive analysis delves into the multifaceted aspects of sustainable tourism development in Qatar, examining the benefits for stakeholders, the features of tourism planning at different levels, and the significance of interactive planning systems. It further explores the concept of sustainability in tourism development, analyzing factors that hinder its progress and outlining different stages in planning for sustainability. The study also evaluates methods for resolving conflicts of interest, the implications of balancing supply and demand, and the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism. Finally, it compares current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country (Mauritius) and an emerging destination (Qatar), providing recommendations for the future development of tourism in both destinations.

Sustainable Tourism Development
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Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
LO1.......................................................................................................................................................4
P1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments with reference
to Qatar..............................................................................................................................................4
P1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning
partnerships drawing examples Qatar................................................................................................5
LO2.......................................................................................................................................................7
P2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels with reference to the
Qatar..................................................................................................................................................7
P2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to Qatar.................................................................................................8
P2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to Qatar...........9
LO3.....................................................................................................................................................11
P3.1 Justify the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development with reference
Qatar................................................................................................................................................12
P3.2 Analyse factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development with reference to
Qatar................................................................................................................................................15
P3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability with reference Qatar...........................16
LO4.....................................................................................................................................................20
P4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of a
developing tourism destination such as Qatar..................................................................................20
P4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Qatar................20
P4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in Qatar..........................................21
LO5.....................................................................................................................................................23
P5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an
emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different....................................................23
P5.2 Evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these chosen
destinations......................................................................................................................................24
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................25
References...........................................................................................................................................26
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Introduction
Sustainable development is the process of growth which emphasizes on tasks such as saving
the natural resources for the future generation and utilization of the natural resources in a
cost-effective manner. In this assignment, sustainable tourism will be discussed in brief. The
first part of the analysis will explain how the stakeholders are benefitted from the
development of tourism. The second part of the analysis will analyse the planning the tourism
development and its features at different levels. Along with this the significance of interactive
planning processes and systems will also be discussed along with the various methods for
measuring tourist impact. In the third part of the analysis, the concept of sustainable tourist
development will be introduced along with the analysis of the factors hindering sustainable
tourist development and also the stages in planning the same. The fourth part of the analysis
will evaluate the method to resolve conflict between the stakeholders and the implications to
balance the supply and demand along with the ethical and moral issues of enclave tourism.
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LO1
P1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments with
reference to Qatar.
The individual or group of individuals who are directly or indirectly associated with the
tourism and travel sector are commonly referred to as the stakeholders. According to QTA,
with respect to the travel and tourism industry, the stakeholders can be the financial
institutions, local population, national government, travellers and the business organization
that are operating in the sector.
The identification of the goal and designing activities for achieving that goal can be
called as planning. Tourism planning refers to the determination of the supply and demands
of the tourists and their perception. In Qatar, the main source of tourism is its rich history and
culture in the middle-east. The growth rate of Qatar’s tourist arrival was an average of 6% in
the period of 2012-2016. There are several benefits for the stakeholders in the development
of the tourism in Qatar. Some of these are:
Economic development: The local people of a tourist destination are provided with
employment due to the development of tourism in that destination. This provides
opportunities to them for their growth in economy and it also improves the sustainability. The
local authorities are affected by the development of tourism in Qatar as because it provides
opportunities of employment for the people (Becker, 2016). The revenue generated from
tourism with the help of the travellers visiting Qatar from around the world helps it to achieve
the economic strength.
Resource: The development of tourism in Qatar provides assets and resources to the nation
for accomplishing the market and support of travel industry. The overall development
enhances the planning of destination along with the revenue generated from the tourist visits
in the country with the help of the travellers from around the world.
Community: Large amount of integration in acquired by the local authorities and
communities for the development of economic and social culture of the nation by the
enhancement of tourism services. The local communities of Qatar gets high amount of
benefits from the development of tourist sector in Qatar in terms of resources and marketing
for fulfilling the personal objectives.
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Competitive advantages: Several competitive advantages are achieved by the country of
Qatar from tourism industry’s development in the country for developing the resource’s
availability and their utilization (Booyens, 2010). The development of travel industry in Qatar
also benefits the businesses and the employees of Qatar as they are provided with the
opportunity to offer better services and have effectively control of the modern market.
Responsible culture: Several responsibilities are provided to the local communities and
industries by the development of travel sector in the country. The responsive culture due to
the tourism industry’s development helps Qatar in achieving sustainable development. The
authorities of Qatar have become aware of the importance of sustainable development,
therefore they have nowadays become more serious about the enhancement of the services in
the destinations of the country for developing a sustainable environment for travellers and
tourists.
P1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism
planning partnerships drawing examples Qatar.
Public or private sector tourism planning partnerships are basically the partnership between
the government and the tourist organizations including the private and local tour service
providers. This partnership between the two sectors helps them to achieve the goal of having
sustainable development in Qatar and to do integrate planning. Both the sectors are helped by
this collaboration in working in an integrated manner and getting the support of each other
(Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). For example, integration of private and public tourist sector has
resulted in Thailand’s success in the rejuvenation of Pattaya. Thus it can be said that Qatar
can do the same for achieving its objectives of having sustainable development.
The private and public sector partnership have several advantages along with some
disadvantages which are discussed below:
Advantages:
Better solutions in infrastructure: When two sectors merge to become partners, the best
qualities and activities of the two sectors are merged for acquiring the best results. Therefore,
it is very beneficial for Qatar to integrate it private and public sectors of tourism.
Master project completion: This is another advantage of having integration. With the equal
participation of both the sectors, the projects and tasks can effectively be completed before
the deadline. When both sectors involve in a particular project the innovations, financial
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support and the ideas are integrated. The high innovation practices ultimately leads to high
return rates.
High quality products: As a result of public and private sector integration, the resources are
effectively used. The experience of the private firms is greater in terms of allocation of cost
and its maintenance. This experience of the private firms helps the government firms to use
their funds effectively.
Disadvantages:
The biggest disadvantage of integration is the cost of bidding. Deciding the cost of bidding is
very difficult.
Less number of private participants: The number of participants from the private sector is
very less. Due to this, a problem of cost effectiveness rises to the government. The chance to
bargain is lost by the government as because there is no cost competition among the private
organizations and sectors. In case of large expertise from the private sector, loss is bear by the
government as because the deciding power of the private participant is more in case of
project cost.
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LO2
P2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels with reference
to the Qatar
Nature of travel and tourism planning in Qatar
The tourism in Qatar holds a very significant position in case of enhancement of income
opportunities. It does so by increasing the employment options for the local people of Qatar.
Qatar’s tourist industry faces a huge challenge in maintaining the nation’s sustainable
tourism. This challenge can be faced only by planning (Caruana et al., 2014). Planning of the
development of tourism is referred to as the process of mapping out the method and
approaches that are required for developing and increasing the environmental, political and
social benefits of the nation.
Tourism planning at different levels
There are various levels were the planning of tourism is done. Given below is a discussion on
the feature of tourism planning in different levels:
International level: International tourism is referred to as the business of tourism involving
tourists from different countries of the world. Developing plans for international tourism’s
growth is very important. This is because an opportunity of raising Qatar’s economy by
foreign exchange is provided by it along with the nation’s cultural heritage development at an
international level. The main focus of the international level planning is on the improvement
of transportation facilities along with making investment in strategies of multinational
marketing.
National level: The making of business from domestic and national tourists is involved in the
national level. In national level, the tourist’s destinations in the country are visited by the
citizens of the country. In this level, the earnings are made from the local and domestic
tourists. In this level of planning, the Qatar’s major roads and paths and the facilities of
accommodation and services for the local tourists are developments major concern
(Dickinson and Lumsdon, 2010). At national and domestic level, strategies are made using
planning of short-term development.
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Regional level: In this level, the tourism in a particular region of the nation in involved. The
attractive destinations are developed in this level. For the enhancement of regional tourism, it
is necessary to have proper accommodation and transport facilities.
Sub-regional level: The strategies and policies in this level are designed when it is required
to do so. At this level, the conditions of the local attractions and the transport facilities for the
local public are improved for allowing the local people to visit these places.
P2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to Qatar.
With the development of tourism in a nation, come a number of issues such as environmental
damages, congestion and overcrowding. The main reason behind the rise of these issues is
insufficiency in planning of tourism. If there is no clarity in the approach of the mechanisms
of conventional planning, the chances of conflict between the participants are increased. On
the contrary, the participation, cooperation and collaboration are brought among the
participants by the systems of interactive planning. This helps the participants in effectively
attaining the objectives. The Qatar government emphasizes on the development of the
infrastructure for boosting the opportunities of employment and increasing the sources of
revenue generation. It can be seen that the development of tourism in Qatar has increased the
social cost and also damaged the environment of the destinations (Evans et al., 2012). At this
point of time, the government of Qatar can implement interactive planning processes and
systems after the conduct of evaluation.
Positive effects of interactive planning system:
Interactive planning system involves all the individuals living in the area where the
development of infrastructure is going on. This system does the negotiations and feedbacks.
The negative impacts on Qatar’s communities can be restricted by the active involvement of
the stakeholders in the planning process of tourism.
The planning helps to identify the deficiency of meeting the environmental benchmark. This
in turn will help in making the plan sustainable for future and more travellers from around the
globe will also get attracted.
Conflicts can be caused if the local people and communities are avoided. This can affect the
development work.
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Negative effects of interactive planning system:
The main effect of interactive planning system that is negative is that it brings more
complexity due to the consideration of opinions and feedbacks from the stakeholders and the
local communities (Gretzel et al., 2012). All the feedbacks will be difficult to evaluate and
further difficulty will be raised in considering a specific one.
P2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to
Qatar.
There are two models for measuring the various impacts of tourists in Qatar. They are the
economic model that is used for determining the economic impact and the steam model for
monitoring the economic impact with trends.
Economic model
This model is used for analysing the effects of changes in volume and value of the travellers
in Qatar. The income that is generated from the tourism industry in Qatar is estimated with
the help of this model along with the total number of employments that are supported by the
industry for empowering the nation. The direct impact of the travellers those spend in
business can be analyzed by this model (Höpken et al., 2017). This model considers the
earnings related to the supply chain and supportive services for considering the induced and
indirect impacts. In order the reach the final goal, the information from the development
planning levels is required by this model.
Cambridge economic model
This model is economic model’s enhanced version. This is because the approach of top down
is used by this model for analysing the impact of the tourists on the economic values. The low
level data from the visitor level and visitor generated value is used in the greater amount by
the Cambridge economic model. An evaluation of the economic impact of tourism on Qatar
is more sophistically offered by this model (Xiang and Gretzel, 2010). The visitor volume
and value is first determined by the model and after that the tourist impact on Qatar’s local
communities is analysed.
STEAM model
STEAM or Scarborough Tourism Economic Activity Monitor model analyse the trends on
day staying tourists for offering information about the impact. For generating effective
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results, four inputs are used by this model in almost each and every area. These are as
follows:
1. Information related to the accommodation services use by percentages. The
accommodation services types in Qatar helps in calculating it.
2. The accommodation capacity that is offered for the travellers’ stay.
3. Attendance events and attractions visit in Qatar.
4. Information that the tourist information centre of Qatar offers.
The travellers’ impact on the changes in economy can be analyzed effectively with these four
STEAM model inputs. Another strategic tool for mapping the poverty changes based on the
tourist visits in the country is pro poor tourism. The monthly visit quantity in a destination
helps in measuring the changes in lifestyle of the community and ration of poverty in that
destination of Qatar.
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LO3
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P3.1 Justify the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development
with reference Qatar
The main focus of sustainable tourism development is on the increment of the rate of tourism
without having a negative impact on the environment of the place. The main focus of
sustainable tourism is on the development of the environment of the nation along with the
nation’s economic, social and other aspect. All the present and future social, environmental
and economic impacts on the industry are considered by sustainable tourism development. It
does so by identifying the visitor requirements, needs of the community and trends in the
industry. In case of Qatar, different research of market can be used for observing the tourism
growth. Around 13 Million USD of revenue was generated by the travel industry in Qatar in
the year 2016. Thus it can be stated that there is a scope for the tourism industry in Qatar and
the growth can be achieved for a long period by using sustainable tourism.
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Tourism’s negative impact on the local diversity of Qatar can be reduced by
environmental sustainability. The resources such as energy and water can be saved for the
future use by using them in the most efficient and advantageous way. In order to make the
environment of Qatar suitable for living waste management is required to be implemented for
reducing the waste. According to the case study, the development projects in Qatar are
opposed by the local people of the vicinity because of the damages (Xiang et al., 2015). But
the most efficient practices can be used by sustainable tourism for developing tourism by
saving the built and natural environment.
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The growth of tourism in Qatar has exposed it to the whole world. There is a socio-
economic impact that can be observed from the interaction of the local inhabitants and
international tourists. The tourism industry of Qatar can be impacted negatively by the
increment in crime incidents, overcrowding and congestion. The interchanging culture’s
positive side only can be promoted by the socio-cultural sustainability. This can help in
increasing the opportunity of tourism in Qatar and also in reducing the objections of the local
citizens. On the contrary, economic sustainability can even help in increasing the
employment scope by involvement of the local communities in the process of decision-
making. Thus there can be a reduction in the conflicts according to the case study and this can
help in enhancing the tourism scope.
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P3.2 Analyse factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development with
reference to Qatar
Barriers in development of sustainable tourism
The environmental, social and economic aspects that help the industry in cost saving are
signified by the development of sustainable tourism. These aspects also safeguard and protect
the environment for benefiting the communities and various other stakeholders. A question
arises when the stakeholders are involved in the process of development of sustainable
tourism. Every stakeholder’s interest is different from one another. This results in conflict
among them when their interests are not satisfied by the plan of tourism development. The
development of sustainable tourism is hindered by the difference in the stakeholders’ interest
levels. The approach of sustainability is contradicted by the ideology of consumerism. This
approach focuses on the mentality that drives long term profit.
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Conflict among the employees is created by the change in the process of organization’s
operation for sustainability. On the contrary, it is very efficient for the managers to be
efficient in the matter of knowledge. Finally the cost is maximised by innovation and it is not
possible for the industry to bear such cost (Spenceley, 2012). Under these circumstances,
failure is faced by the medium and small organizations in considering the sustainability
related innovations. The environmental issues created by the development of tourism in Qatar
give rise to the conflicts among the local communities. Sustainable development project is
undertaken by the government of Qatar but still the rules are violated by the business
organizations for attaining long-term profit.
P3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability with reference Qatar
Stages in development of sustainable tourism
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A relationship among the social, economic and ecological factors is established by
sustainable tourism. This helps in safeguarding the environment and boosting the tourism
industry of Qatar. The different stages in the development of sustainable tourism are as
follows:
Stage 1: The aim of the plan of sustainability in association with the frames of time is
described in the first stage. This stage defines the long-term as well as the short-term goals.
The national budget of Qatar needs to be analysed to consider the increment in quantity of
foreign travellers and development of infrastructure for enhancing the supply side of tourism
in Qatar.
Stage 2: In this stage, the stakeholder in relation with the tourism industry of Qatar are
identified and addressed for meeting the needs and objectives. In order to formulate a
development plan for sustainable tourism, all the business organization, authorities of
national parks, visitors, government and the local authorities are considered. During the
designing of the activities, the stakeholders’ activities are required to be considered.
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Stage 3: In this stage, those places are considered which have to potential of attracting
tourists. During the development of the infrastructure or a project, the details about the
interest of the visitors, visitor’s needs and motives behind visiting the place are considered.
There is a need to address the destination’s speciality in this stage (Moutinho, 2011). Even
the existing infrastructures are needed to be detected before investing for supporting the
growth of tourism.
Stage 4: In this stage, all the stakeholders are consulted for addressing the issues. As an
example, the local inhabitants of Qatar are having conflicts due to the issuance of license to
the hotels by the government of Qatar. Therefore, the stakeholders need to discuss with all
the stakeholders before the initiation of any plan.
Stage 5: In this stage, proper research is done for analysing the issues. The first priority in
this stage is to identify the reason for the conflicts. After that the reviews of the stakeholders
are needed to be considered for developing specific solutions.
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LO4
P4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing
of a developing tourism destination such as Qatar
The conflict of interest can be defined as the conflicts that occur due to the difference in the
interest of two or more parties that are engaged together. The main reason behind the rise of
conflicts is the presence of several stakeholders. These conflicts are required to be resolved
by the voluntary organizations and the government which promotes sustainable tourism.
There are different methods of resolving conflicts that can be undertaken by the tourism
industry of Qatar. Discussed below are some of these methods:
Negotiation: This is the basic method that is used to resolve conflicts. In order to conduct
this method, clear interaction and communication between the two parties in required. Both
parties are required to compromise and agree on a fair deal that will benefit both. As an
example, the government of Qatar conduct meeting with the local communities for
developing plans. Thus they avoid conflicts among the stakeholders.
Mediation: This process of avoiding conflicts consists of the formation of mutually
acceptable agreement. In this method, the parties having conflicts participate in proceeding
for resolving the conflict. As an example, the local authorities of Qatar provide opportunities
of service to the local communities (Mariani et al., 2014). Thus they avoid any conflict
among the local communities and resolve the misunderstandings.
P4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Qatar.
Demand
The requirements of the buyers are basically referred to as the demands. Usually the quantity
and quality of the products are demanded by the customers. In case of tourism, the demands
of a destination are the travellers who travel or wish to travel. The opportunities of the
travellers can be increased for increasing the tourism demand of a destination. In order to
measure the tourism demand, the consumption of complementary products and services can
be measured. The rise in number of beds booked in the hotels and the amount of food
consumed suggests the rise in tourism demand in Qatar. There are various factors upon which
the tourism demands depends such as season, tourist attraction in the place and the
competition.
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Figure1: The above chart shows us that the tourism demand in Qatar has increased with the
passing years
Supply
In the tourism industry, the supply is referred to all the attractions and services available for
the tourists. The demand of tourism is fulfilled by these attractions and services. The supply
of tourism in Qatar shapes the demand of tourism. The suppliers of tourism include the
destinations, the transport sector and the hospitality sector.
In terms of tourist attractions, Qatar has huge amount of potential. It can be said that the
tourism industry in Qatar has become successful by the increment in visitor quantity with
every passing year (Isaac, 2010). The reason behind the proper tourism supply to the
travellers in Qatar is the tourism suppliers of Qatar and the private-public relationship.
P4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in Qatar
Enclave tourism is the type of tourism which consists of an enclosed tourist destination and
all the tourist activities are carried out in that area. In this kind of tourism, the tourists are not
allowed to go to the remote locations. The tourist attractions in the enclosed area are
experienced by the tourists (Booyens, 2010). The islands, resorts and ships are involved in
the enclave tourist destinations. Below described are some of the moral and ethical issues
related to enclave tourism:
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1. No benefits are acquired by the local communities of Qatar from enclave tourism, as
there is no interaction between the tourist and the local communities. The tourists are
restricted to travel to the remote areas.
2. The heritage and cultural tourism is the actual tourism in Qatar but it is also affected
by enclave tourism. This is because in enclave tourism the tourists are restricted to
travel to the remote areas and are unable to see the actual heritage and culture of the
nation due to which the tourism demand in the historical attractions of Qatar get
decreased.
3. Enclave tourism results in the decrement in the poor local people’s earnings which
forces them to participate in illegal activities like theft and prostitution.
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LO5
P5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing
country and an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different.
One of the developing tourist destinations of the world is Mauritius. The tourism industry of
Mauritius significantly contributes to the economy of the country. The tourist industry of the
nation has a total contribution of 9% of the country’s GDP. The sustainable tourism
development plan has been implemented by the government of Mauritius (Becker, 2016). On
the contrary, Qatar is an emerging tourist destination which is continuously rising in the list
of popular tourist destination of the world (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). Due to tourism, the
nation has observed a reduction in poverty and increment in opportunities of employment.
Impacts Mauritius Qatar
Environmental Several environmental issues
are faced by the nation due to
the development of tourism
in the country. The main
issues arisen due to tourism
are deforestation, erosion of
soil and increased pollution.
Qatar’s environment has not
yet been affected by tourism.
But still there are some
affects in the environment
such as increment in
deforestation and soil
erosion.
Socio-cultural The tourism growth in
Mauritius has negatively
impacted the social and
cultural conditions of the
nation. The tourist
organizations try to match
the culture of the tourists that
impacts the destinations
culture.
With the integration of
different cultures in the
environment of Qatar, the
socio-economic issues have
risen drastically. For
example, the amount of child
labour has increased for
fulfilling the demands of the
tourists.
Economic The economic impact of
tourism is immense in the
countries like Mauritius.
Tourism has increased the
Similar impact like that in the
developing nations on the
economy by the tourism
industry can be seen in the
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economy of the nation. emerging nations in tourism
P5.2 Evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these
chosen destinations
The only measure that can help in reducing the negative impact of tourism on countries like
Mauritius and Qatar is development of sustainable tourism plan. The ultimate barrier in
attaining sustainable tourism development is the difference in the interest of the stakeholders
and meeting those interests. Below described are the three main areas which need focus:
Environmental: The industry needs to focus on the effective use of resources and reduction
of water wastage. This can help in fulfilling the aim of reducing the negative impact of
tourism on the bio-diversity of the nations.
Social: For establishing a friendly environment for tourism, the local groups and the
employees are need to be empowered and supported in the process of decision making. The
processes like child labour prohibition and gender equality must be implemented.
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Conclusion
From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the local people of a tourist destination are
provided with employment due to the development of tourism in that destination. This
provides opportunities to them for their growth in economy and it also improves the
sustainability. It has been understood that the tourism in Qatar holds a very significant
position in case of enhancement of income opportunities. It does so by increasing the
employment options for the local people of Qatar.
It can be concluded that the main focus of sustainable tourism is on the development
of the environment of the nation along with the nation’s economic, social and other aspect.
Along with this, it has been understood that the conflicts among the stakeholders are required
to be resolved by the voluntary organizations and the government which promotes sustainable
tourism
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