[SOLVED] Sustainable Tourism Development

The assignment compares the current issues in developing countries like Philippines and emerging destinations like Thailand. It discusses the biological science impacts, economic benefits, and socio-cultural implications of tourism development. The evaluation also considers future development of tourism in these chosen destinations, emphasizing the need for sustainable planning to promote better tourism values.

University
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Student Name
Lecturer Name
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INTRODUCTION
Tourism industry contributes well in the economy, social development of the nation.
This helps in enhancing employment opportunity in the nation. The present study is based on he
cases study of Philippine. It is the place where many attraction points are present that attracts
many tourists towards the destination. Present study will discuss benefits of stakeholder from
planning of tourist development in the country. It will explain advantage and disadvantage of
private public partnership with reference to Philippine case study. Furthermore, assignment will
describe significance of interactive planning and different methods available to measure tourist
impact.
TASK 1
1.1 Stakeholders benefits from planning of tourism developments
Stakeholders are essential part of business unit, each firm tries to provide maximum
benefits to its stakeholders so that they feel happy and satisfied. Stakeholders aid in the
development of tourism business of the country. Philippine is the place where scope of
development is too high. It is essential that all stakeholders put their hard efforts and work
together so that overall destination can be built as tourist destination. Different stakeholders of
the location are such as government, financing institutions, local communities, tourist industry
etc. All they work effectively so that Philippine can emerged as favourite tourist destination in
the future (Afifi, 2015).
Government can get benefit from this planning process because by this income sources
will be generated that will help in improving economic condition of the nation. This will be
beneficial in conservation of wildlife and natural resources. This planning process will help in
attracting in travellers towards the Philippine. By this way tourism industry will get benefit of
enhancing its revenues. This will support in boosting sales of tour packages for the Philippine.
Furthermore, local communities are the important stakeholder of the Philippine. This planning
will be beneficial for local people in gaining employment opportunities. Planning will focus on
safety of environment. This will assist in creating healthy environment and people will be able to
live a healthy life.
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1.2 Advantage and disadvantage of private/public planning partnership
Private public partnership is beneficial for the development of tourism industry. But there
are many drawbacks also associated with this partnership that can affect overall development of
Philippine to great extent. There are many private firms that are working in this industry such as
hotels, restaurants, tour operators etc. they all perform their work in such manner so that
satisfaction level of travellers can be enhanced and can motivate them to come to this place
again. There are many public institutions work in this industry such as railway, transportation,
museums etc. Combined efforts of both public and private firms is beneficial for the growth of
Philippine to great extent. That helps in making sound decision and generating economy
opportunities in the nation. Apart from this it is also beneficial for reducing conflicts related with
land and support in making such policies that can attracts new visitors towards the Philippines.
Private organization pays more attention on generating revenues whereas agenda of public firms
are to satisfy the consumers and provide them comfortable environment. This partnership can
help in meeting with their objectives effectively (Boluk et al. 2017).
Advantage of partnership Disadvantage of partnership
It is beneficial tool because by this way
relationship can be developed between public
and private firms that can help in the long term
tourism sustainability of the country.
This partnership can increase corruption in the
Philippine.
It helps in reducing cost of the public and
private firms. Partnership of public and private
firm will help in development of the country
and infrastructure in cost effective manner.
Political changes after the public private
partnership can increase risk and enhance
dependency on each others. If any conflict
arises then it may spoil the development of the
nation.
Public and private partnership will support in
minimizing risk and making effective budget
so that overall goal of the Philippines can be
fulfilled.
Public private partnership can create issue
where natural beauty of the Philippine can get
destroyed. (Robbins and Gaczorek, 2015).
Legal issues and political changes can create
issue for the private firms because private
organizations may get failed to earn high profit.
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TASK 2
2.1 Characteristics of tourism development planning at different level
In the tourist development planning different level works and they all contribute well so
that overall development goal of the Philippine can be accomplished. In the short term planning
process local level communities work. In the medium level development plan national level
authorities contribute and in long term planning international level work. It is essential for the
Philippine that to pays attention on most four levels in the tourism development planning. These
are explained as below:
International level
In the international level more than one country work for the development of tourism
industry. It pays attention on development of transportation facilities so that foreign consumers
can easily travel into the country. International level provides guidelines to the regional
authorities so that they can make development planning as per the required standards. This can
help in providing quality services to tourists those who visit Philippine. They concentrate on the
cooperation of different sectors so that overall development can be held in effective manner.
(Cotterell et al. 2015).
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Figure 1: Level of tourism
(Source: Cucculelli and Goffi, 2016)
Regional level
Regional level workers work in such manner so that Philippine can be developed as
tourist destination. In this respect they involve local communities in the development planning
process. The adopts effective promotion strategies in order to attract visitors towards the
location. They educate people so that they can deal with foreign visitors effectively.
Development of infrastructure is done by regional level. This level of people work together so
that infrastructure facilities can be improved and better services can be provided to travellers.
National level
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It is another level of development planning that supports in implementing such policies
through which standard of tourism can be increased. They implement policy and practices so that
better services can be provided to travellers (Cucculelli and Goffi, 2016). They work for
development of accommodations facilities in the country. The main duty of national bodies is to
promote the Philippine across the world so that more people can get to know about this location.
National level trusts allocate funds to the local authorities so that they can develop infrastructure,
transportation facilities in the destination. They educate people and give them training so that
they can guide visitors well .
Local level
It is another level that is engaged in the development planning of tourism. They provides
guidelines to the concern persons so that they can make sound decision. President has provided
guidelines for the improvement in the services of Philippines (Prideaux, 2013).
2.2 Significance of interactive planning systems
Interactive planning can be defined as process through which desirable future can be
achieved. It can be defined as collaborative, participative planning process. Its focus is on the
look at the present situation and design activities in such manner so that future objective can be
accomplished. Concern tourism authorities consider present situation of the destination and make
plan for changes so that tourism business can be improved. In the interactive planning process
authorities involves relevant stakeholders and take their views as well. These all stakeholders
share their views so that objective of developing tourism business in Philippine can be achieved.
Interactive planning is significant feature for tourism industry. The focus of this planning is to
enhance revenues and enhance satisfaction level of visitors. The main purpose of planning is to
develop tourism sector and enhance its sustainability by making it more visible. The main
objective of planning in tourism is to political power. By increasing this business political
relations between two countries can be developed. Furthermore, another objective of planning is
enhanced social cultural aspects and protect environment as well. Apart from this, economic
development is another objective of tourism planning process. There are various planning
approaches that can be used in effective planning such as integration, supply- led, interactive etc.
Interactive planning supports in making sound decision and getting innovative ideas for the
development. Interactive planning process concentrates on long term sustainability of the tourism
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industry and enhancing its revenues as well. Tourism industry of Philippine concentrate on
improving quality of services so that tourist can get attracted towards the destination. Interactive
planning is beneficial in the growth of tourism industry. By this way profit of tourism industry
can be enhanced (Fennell, 2015). Significance of interactive planning system in tourism
development are as following:
 Interactive planning system is designing tool through which stakeholders and government
can make control over budget. All private, public organisations work together so that
tourism business can be developed, they allocate resources for the improvement in
infrastructure, transportation. They make effective budget and control over it. Working
together with all stakeholders in the interactive planning supports in minimizing over
budgeting issue.
 Interactive planning system is significant in maintaining safety and security in the
country. While making planning authorities look at the point that all tourists can get
secure environment and they do not get any trouble. This helps in attracting large number
of travellers towards Philippine. By this way government would be able to enhance its
economic position and foreign reserves.
 Interactive planning is important in improving infrastructure facilities and transportation
facilities in the nation. This helps in gaining attention of mass audience.
 Interactive planning is significant in ensuring that no wastage occur in the destination and
natural resources can be preserved.
2.3 Different methods for measuring impact of tourism
There are various methods that helps in identifying growth of tourism industry. By this
way impact of tourism can be measured. Several methods are explained as below:
STEAM
It is the tool that provides ideas for measuring the growth of tourism sector. It
concentrates on the economic activities and monitor performance so that overall growth can be
measured. In order to measure the impact of tourism industry look at the economic data. It takes
support of percentage of people those who are being occupied in that year, bad stocks, revenues
that are being generated through foreign visitors etc. By gathering these economic details
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individual can identify impact of tourism activities on destination. This supports in identifying
issues in the planning so that changes can be made for the development of Philippine (Roe et al.
2014).
PPP
Pro poor Projects are another method of measuring impact of tourism. It is the qualitative
process (Font, 2017). In this tool authorities pay attention on development of poor areas. On the
bases of their growth impact of tourism is being measured.
PPT
Pro Poor Tourism model is another model of measuring the impact of tourism. By this ay
authorities analyses the services are liked by visitors and services that are disliked by travellers.
That supports in analysing the actual impact of tourism planning on the destination. For
implementing sustainable tourism Philippine adopts PPT model. (Goodall and Ashworth, 2013).
TASK 3
3.1 Sustainability tourism development
Sustainable tourism development can be defined as making changes in economic,
environment and social conditions so that tourism business can be grown. Tourism industry is
growing with the rapid speed. It is essential that to balance its sustainability and growth so that
this industry can earn more profit in the future. Tourism industry can grow well in future because
of development in infrastructure in the destination. This enhances interest of the people and they
take interest in coming here. Furthermore, improving economic conditions and cultural aspects
can attract new consumers. This may support in balancing sustainability and growth.
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3.3 Different stage of sustainability planning
TASK 4
4.1 Methods of resolving conflicts for ensuring future well-being
There are many issues that can be occurred in the location and can affect well-being to
great extent. In order to resolve these issues various methods can be adopted by authorities.
These are explained as below:
Negotiation
It is the method through which authorities can resolve conflicts easily. In this method two
involved persons negotiate with each others and reach to the common decisions that can be win-
win for both these people. Government of Philippine conduct meeting with the private firms and
negotiate with them so that issues between both can be resolved soon (James and Karinattu,
2013).
Mediation
It is another method of conflict resolution. By this way local authorities can develop
employment opportunities in the sector and can resolve issues easily. It helps in improving
condition of environment to great extent (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
Objectives of tourism planning:- There are various objectives of tourism planning. Some of
them are:
 Political: To enhance the prestige of nation.
 Socio-cultural: To encourage such activities that are needed for social and cultural
advancements and also for the advancements in areas like traditions and lifestyle.
 Economic: To increase employment and incomes that are real.
Planning approaches: There are some major approaches of planning. As environmental objects
are to be promoted as assets. These approaches are:
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 Boosterism:- It is not an approach that provides sustainable tourism development. This is
practised by such politicians who think that economic growth should always be
promoted.
 Conventional:- This planning is defined by Gunn that is oriented towards only a plan.
 Supply led:- This approach is to integrate only those facilities and attractions which have
minimum impacts on local development.
 Interactive and integrated:- by this approach better decisions can be reached by a process
of participation. Final decisions can be implemented only when public will be involved.
 Market led:- This approach is to enhance attractions and services for short term financial
benefits even if it led to environmental degradation.
4.2 Analysis of implications to balance demand and supply
Demand definition
Demand can be defined as total requirement of products by customers. As per the view of
Demand, (2014) demand is willingness of consumers to buy products and services of company.
Quantity demand can be explained as total demand of goods at given period of time. It highly
depends upon the price and brand image of the company. There is strong relationship between
price and quantity demand. If price of products are high in the market then demand of particular
products may get reduced because consumers will move to other firm's products. It can be
explained as quantity of products that are needed by people or they willing to buy it. This has
certain relationship with price. Demand can be explained as the products that are being sold by
company on certain price for specific period of time.
According to Heckmann, Comes and Nickel, (2015) Quantity supply can be defined as
quantity produces by suppliers to sell particular products at particular period of time. If supply is
high then demand then it impacts on price.
Definition for demand for tourism
The total number of person those who are aiming to travel from one place to other and
aim to use facilities and services of particular place are called to demand for tourism. Whenever
individual travel to other nation think to get transportation, infrastructure, accommodation
facilities
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Development in demand of tourism destination helps in developing tourism opportunities
in the country. This tourism opportunities support in developing attractive points in the country.
In order to enhance demand it is essential to offers quality products and services to travellers and
follow sustainable principles.
Tourism demand is the term that includes various factors that helps in identifying demand
and their impacts.. If individual is getting satisfied services then demand of travel and tourism in
the destination will be enhanced. If tourism demand is being fulfilled then it would support in
increasing tourism opportunities in the country (Supply and demand in tourism, 2013).
There are five components of tourism supply which are as follows:
Components of tourism supply are such as infrastructure, superstructure, attractions,
marketing etc. These are as following:
 Infrastructure such as telecommunication facilities, transportation.
 Superstructure such as visitor activities
 Attractions such as theme parks, building, museums etc.
 Marketing images
Illustration 1: components of tourism suppliers
Source: (Categories of tourism supply components, 2017)
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 Natural resources:- It includes elements in the area for travellers use and enjoyment.
That are climate, terrain, water bodies, beaches etc.
 Infrastructure:- It contains underground and developmental constructions in Philippines
such as systems of water supply, systems of drainage and other facilities that are
constructed.
 Superstructure:- It consists of services like airport buildings, travellers traffic terminals,
hotels, resorts, motels, shopping centres etc.
 Transportation and its equipments:- This includes ships, air planes, buses, taxis, auto
mobiles, areal tramway and other similar facilities for passengers transportation.
 Resources of hospitality:- It includes cultural wealth of areas like Philippines that
successfully hosts tourists.
Characteristics of tourism demand
 Tourism demand impacts on many others aspects as well. Price elasticity is the main
aspect that is affected by demand. If tourism demand is high then tour operators will be
able to offer products at lower prices whereas if demand is low then it can enhance prices
to great extent. Another main feature of tourism demand is competition.
 Due to increasing demand of tourism business many other hospitality firms are
improving. This increases competition in the market.
 Furthermore, seasonality is another feature of tourism demand. If it is favourable season
and weather conditions are good then people will take interest in coming to Philippines.
This will raise demand of tourism in the destination.
Type of demand
There are various kinds of demand such as effective, potential, deferred, suppressed
demands. Actual demand: Actual demand is used to determine actual participation of tourist. It is
the aggregate tourists that have come to particular location at particular time. Potential demand: Tourist those are included in potential demand they can turn into
actual in the future. These people wait for additional benefits and then plan holiday.
These are such people those who can travel in future in particular location.
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 Deferred demand : When suppression gets down due to poor supply then such kind of
demand is called deferred demand. This is the type of demand in which people want to
travel but they are not travelling present due to their temporary reason.
 Suppressed demand: Suppressed demand can be defined as the situation when supply is
reducing and it fails to meet the demand. People those who are not at all interested in
travelling is called suppressed demand.
Tourism supply
Supply is the facility that is provided by government and destination leaders to its visitors
whenever they plan to visit particular destination.
Definition of tourism supply
Demand of supply is the supply of assets, services to tourists by suppliers that can
satisfied the needs of travellers. Supply shapes the demand and enhances demand of tourism in
the country. Travellers required telecommunication, accommodation, transportation services
from suppliers. Suppliers are such as transport agencies, information offices, tour operators etc.
Tourism supply can be defined as supplying of such products and services that are the
needs of consumers or visitors. Suppliers provide all products to visitors as per their
requirements in order to get high profit. There are various components of tourism supply such as
natural resources, infrastructure, transportation etc. Tourism industry has wide spread supply
chain that is why it is able to meet with the demand. This helps in encourage people to take
interest in travelling.
Demand for supply in tourism
Tourism supply is the facility provided by the suppliers to the visitors so that their
interest to visit particular place can be enhanced. It can be defined as supply of all assets amd
services to end user through which individual needs can be fulfilled and satisfaction level can be
increased. If supply is good then it helps in enhancing demand in the tourism industry of the
country.
Tourism suppliers
There are various suppliers of tourism industry such as hospitality, transportation,
attraction etc. Hospitality industry provides facility of hotels, food and beverages to travellers so
that they can spend time easily here. Hilton hotel, Marriott hotels etc. offer quality services to
consumers. Transportation facilities support in easy travelling to tourists. For example buses,
trains, flights etc. facilities make the travel smooth. There are many attraction points that attract
consumers towards Philippines and they take interest to come to this place. Tourism suppliers are
as following:
 Hospitality such as food, accommodation, entertainment etc.
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 Transportation providers such as road, railway, buses etc.
 Attraction such as theme parks, museums etc.
Law of supply
Law of supply explains that if price is increasing then suppliers will supply high quantity
products. That explains direct relationship between price and quantity. That means if price is
rising and other elements remain constant then supplier will offer more products to sale.
Four basic laws of supply are as following:
 Demand and supply both are interested parts, if supply is increasing and demand is
unchanged then it creates imbalance and creates less equilibrium in quantity and price
 Furthermore, when demand is decreasing and supply has not been changed then it creates
situation of high equilibrium in price and quality.
 When demand is decreasing and supply is not changed then situation creates low
equilibrium in price and quantity.
 Whenever the supply is decreasing or demand does not change then high equilibrium
between price and quantity
Relationship between demand, price and supply
Illustration 2: Relation between demand, supply and price
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There are many tourism suppliers such as hospitality industry, transportation companies,
attraction pints etc. Hospitality includes entertainment facilities, food beverages, transportation
includes air travel, bus travel et and attraction includes various parks, building etc.
Influence of price in demand and supply
Demand gets affected by price element, if prices are high then people may think to go to
particular place or not and if prices are low then travellers will take more interests in going to
particular place. For example on 17th February 2018 London to Manila cost is £374 whereas on
the same destination 9th March price is £420. That shows that prices are fluctuating. It can be
fluctuate with many reasons such as seasonality, changes in tax rates etc. These all elements
influence price factor, by this way demand gets changed.
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In the present scenario, it can be seen that Philippines tourism sector has been reduced
because lacking sustainable tourism. There are many visitors in country who have been
contributed to the development of tourism sector in Philippines. Other countries have also been
contributed to its expenditure of around 101 million. It made a remarkable growth in country's
GDP with 9% of average and also improved the economic condition. There are many people in
country who have found employment easily. It has also raised the tourism potential due to its
beauty and diversity. This sector has been tried to manage and provide better services to visitors
and to meet their demands as well (Jenkins and Schröder, 2013).
Demand of tourism is increasing in the Philippines. Now tourism are travellering for
research, education, entertainment purposes. Changing visa laws, improving security policies,
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decreasing tax rates are giving opportunities to tourism industry. By this way traveller are taking
more interest in travelling to other countries.
Philippines looks amazing between November to April. In this season attractive islands and
amazing view of remote areas can be seen by travellers.
Between march to April high temperature remain in the location. Between December to
February tourists need to travel in this numbers destination. It is winter season and cool
atmosphere attracts more many people here. January is the event oriented month in Philippine
because many events held in this month.
Illustration 3: Balancing suitability and growth
Source: (Responsible Tourism Policy And Planning For
Tourism Authorities, 2016)
`In order to have effective development of balanced working the Philippines authorities
need to have proper identification of needs and demands. By having a support of tourism
organisation’s the needs and expectations of visitors can be meet. It will also allow to have better
quality of services provided at right time. Thus, supply and demand will be balanced in desired
way. Along with it, by having an investment on activities and ensuring about capital and
economic structure the issue can be resolved. Consideration of social cultural characteristics of
Philippines is also essential in order to have promotion of services. It means morale of visitors in
Philippines can be boosted with an balanced supply and demand.
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4.3 Evaluation of moral ethical issues to enclave tourism
Enclave tourism helps tourism to undertake the geographic areas as well as it satisfies the
whole beautiful locations. The local communities of Philippines has been focussed on several
restrictions in developing business. It lies with certain domination to yield the maximum amount
of profit. The license could be sanctioned that might develop on the unethical areas through the
better working of local authorities at the time of developing the entire business. The Philippines
country are rich in the cultural aspects with the problem that has been imported in the foreign
countries. There involves with unethical as well as illegal program that the tourism sectors needs
to focus for the enclave tourism. There are certain changes in the environmental factors which
might cause the serious amount of problem in the environmental stage of the Philippines country
(Moscardo and Murphy, 2015).
The ethical and illegal activities like child labour and prostitution has been rapidly
increased because to match the excess demand in the tourism sectors. There lies with the local
community in the country of Philippines with the benefits in the restriction in the accessibility
and the business firm with the dominate areas to increase the profit. This provides the major
examples in the country of Philippines that happens as the ethical issues.
TASK 5
5.1 Comparison of current issues in developing country and emerging destinations
Impacts Philippines Thailand
Biological science There are certain biological
science damages in the rising
destination as the country of
Philippines. There involves
with the supreme coverage of
forest that has unenforced
perverse difficulty of coral
reef (Wan and Li, 2013).
There includes with the high
level of pollution and soil
eating away in the developing
country of Thailand. The
extreme participation of heat
as made the difficulty on the
precious coral reef.
Economic It is associated with the huge
sum of investment in the
nonindustrial of tourism
sectors.
It is based on the strong
potential in the tourism
industries that attracts
supreme amount of
holidaymaker and increase the
economic conditions.
Socio-cultural The different forms of Realm of Thailand country
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culture provides the unique
ideas in the growth of
touristry (Kazak, 2017).
provides the negative accord
on the excess development of
the commercial enterprise
two-dimensional figure. It
damages the discernment at
the time of not satisfying the
national citizenry.
5.2 Evaluate the future development of tourism in these chosen destination
It allows to have sustainable planning so that better tourism values can be promoted within
Philippines and Thailand. There lies with certain negative impacts that makes the different form
of interest among the existing stakeholders. It has been noticed that improper resource allocation
can affect the overall outcome in diverse manner.
Environmental
Consideration of resources provides the effective allocation of energy and water so that
better outcome can be attained.
Social
Proper decision making process allows to have better control on the economic conditions
so that support to tourism sector can be provided.
Economic
The country economic condition develops through the better way of earning capabilities
by the tourism sectors (Moscardo and Benckendorff, 2015).
CONCLUSION
It has been ended that the sustainable commercial enterprise provides the unique features
in the development of tourism sectors. In this case, Philippines country needs to instrumentation
the sustainable commercial enterprise to brand a unique word form of preparation to enhance a
amended determination.
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