TSM223 Sustainable Tourism, Leisure and Event Management

Running head: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, LEISURE AND EVENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, LEISURE AND EVENT
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

1SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, LEISURE AND EVENT
Executive Summary
Tourism, Leisure and Event (TLE) has provided a good range of opportunities for the
host regions for flourishing economically as well as gaining the best social practices from all
over the world. It has also provided the opportunity to develop the environmental
infrastructures of these countries. However, all this is dependent on the sustainability of the
activities related to TLE around the very region. Its sustainability is based on the
sustainability of three dimensions of sustainability, which are- the socio-cultural, the
environmental and the economic approaches. This paper has been elaborated on evaluating
and measuring the sustainability of TLE activities at Caloundra region with a major focus
being laid on the area in between the Bulcock beach and the main street up through the Kings
Beach. Furthermore, this report has presented a questionnaire survey, administered on the
sample of a total of 30 stakeholders from different areas of interests under the TLE activities.
It has also presented a reflection, explaining the aspects that impacted me and increased my
understanding regarding the sustainable TLE and how I have planned to change. Lastly, a set
of relevant recommendations has been provided for the TLE management.
Keywords: TLE activities, sustainability, economic, social-cultural, environmental,
stakeholders, Caloundra.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................2
2. Discussion..............................................................................................................................2
2.1 What is Sustainable TLE..................................................................................................2
2.2 Description of the field trip..............................................................................................2
2.3 How is TLE related to the field trip site?.........................................................................2
2.4 Who are Stakeholders?.....................................................................................................2
2.5 Stakeholders for the chosen field trip site........................................................................2
2.6 Relevance of measuring sustainability.............................................................................2
2.7 Relevance that measuring sustainability has to the TLEM..............................................2
2.8 How TLE has been measured..........................................................................................2
2.9 Results..............................................................................................................................2
3. Reflection...............................................................................................................................2
4. Recommendations..................................................................................................................2
5. Conclusion..............................................................................................................................2
References..................................................................................................................................3
List of Abbreviations
TLE- Tourism, Leisure, and Event
TLEM – Tourism, Leisure and Event Management

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1. Introduction
In order to flourish and thrive, TLEM (Tourism, Leisure and Event Management)
needs to combine the natural social environment and quality. The growth and development of
the TLE activities in any area must be matching with the positive influences of the activities
on the socio-cultural, economic and the environmental conditions of the very area. However,
this paper is going to elaborate on evaluating the sustainability of the activities related to
TLW in the Caloundra region, in between the areas of the Bulcock Beach and the main street.
A questionnaire, along with assessing the results will also be presented. This report shall shed
light on highlighting the important role that is played by the smooth and sustainable TLE
activities and its positive impact on all the sectors.
2. Discussion
2.1 What is Sustainable TLE
As per Lee (2013), sustainable TLE refers to the maintenance of the present fair, and
ethical standards of ecological, social-cultural, economic and environmental impacts without
compromising the requisite future standards.
2.2 Description of the field trip
The name of the field trip is Bulcock beach. This beach is a very unique foreshore and
is based in Caloundra, Australia. There are several restaurants and board walks surrounded by
this still water beach (Tourism and Events Queensland, 2018). With the same, the King Surf
beach is bordered by the Bulcock Beach. It is the main beach in Caloundra which has a
children and a picnic play area along with a swimming pool that is separated from the ocean
but it also at the same time, reliant on the water of the ocean. It is patrolled by the
‘Caloundra-Metropolitan Surf Life Saving Club.

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The Sunshine Coast Airport gives access to the area for the visitors from places
faraway. It is supplemented by a comparatively smaller Sunshine Coast regional airport (Visit
Sunshine Coast, 2018). It operates the Caloundra bus services along with the Cooma Terrace
in the central business district. It is the Landsborough railway station that connects the region
with the Brisbane by means of the Roma street railway station.
2.3 How is TLE related to the field trip site?
This area dates back to the year 1875 when Robert Bulcock purchased a big parcel of
land in the region. Due to the presence of several beaches and authorization of land sale, the
area developed to a tourist attraction region with hotels and guesthouses taking precedence of
the most profitable economic ventures. In the year 1917, Robert Bulcock's son subdivided the
land into 404 slots in what came to be known as the Bulcock beach later on. In early 1968,
the regional council chambers were relocated from The Shire of Landsborough to Caloundra.
In 2008, the Sunshine Coast Regional Council commissioned the Place Design Group to be
the lead consultants in the redevelopment project for the Bulcock Beach (Sunshine Coast
Council, 2018).
The ability of the region to service the basic transport and infrastructural needs of the
future visitors and communities residing around the region is questionable (Caloundra
Chamber of Commerce, 2018). In June 2011, the federal government published a report
indicating the risk posed by climate change to coastal infrastructural setup and buildings. An
anticipated 1.1 meters rise in the sea levels would lead to erosion and flooding disasters at the
coastal region (Sunshine Coast Council, 2018).
Another challenge facing the coastal town of Caloundra is aging infrastructure, and
the lack of preparedness in disaster management and responsive design measures. The
carrying capacity of the Bulcock Beach space is also inadequate. The redevelopment project

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undertaken by the Place Design Group sought to among other things address the problem
posed by the influx of tourists and local residents during the holiday seasons (TripHobo,
2018).
TLE are inclusively highly evident at this site. The children's play area, the swimming
pool and the picnic events area at the Kings Beach provide amenities for leisure activities to
visitors and the local residents. The coastal pathway at the Bulcock beach offers visitors an
adventurous experience as they walk along the great walkway while enjoying the scenic view
of boardwalks and cliffs. The benches and bike racks at the Bulcock beach provide amenities
for recreational leisure activities. The Queensland Winter Racing sports event that takes place
at the Corbould Park Racecourse encompasses all three aspects of tourism, leisure and event
management (Tourism and Events Queensland, 2018). The presence of a strategic plan for
formal events and event budgets at the local authority level provides proof of events
management preparedness.
2.4 Who are Stakeholders?
Stakeholders refer to the people or group of people who, either directly or indirectly,
are affected by the decisions that are made on certain issues in which they are staked in
(Jordan, Vogt, Kruger &Grewe, 2013). The problem can be of any type- environmental
based, resource, any sort of practise or activity.
2.5 Stakeholders for the chosen field trip site
The table below shows the list of stakeholders for the field trip site:
Direct Stakeholders Indirect Stakeholders
Sunshine Coast Regional Council Coloundra Chamber of Commerce
Tourists Environmental Stakeholders
Queensland Tourist and Travel
Corporation
Department of Tourism, Major Events, Small
Business, and the Commonwealth Games
The Federal Government Department of National Parks, Sports, and
Racing

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Kings and Bulcock Beach communities The Aviation Industry
Business Travelers Rail and Road Transport
The Hospitality Industry Players Non-governmental Organizations
2.6 Relevance of measuring sustainability
TLE needs an ecological and social environment that is both attractive and conducive
to the stakeholders. Hence, it is very important to come up with the standardised indicators
for measuring and guiding the development of policy as well as for monitoring the progress
of the socio-cultural, economic and the environment process of development Tanguay,
Rajaonson & Therrien, 2013).
2.7 Relevance that measuring sustainability has to the TLEM
The evaluation of sustainability in the field of TLE provides a ground for identifying
challenges that are facing by different categories of stakeholders as well as the policy and
other general measures for dealing with those challenges (Waligo, Clarke & Hawkins, 2013).
Furthermore, the environmental sustainability evaluation makes sure that the natural
resources and spaces are used in both economical manner as well as renewable and reusable
manner. By means of measuring social sustainability, the social identity of the people
residing in this area is taken into consideration. Through economic sustainability evaluation,
the resources are set aside for gathering specific TLEM project needs (Andersson&
Lundberg, 2013).
Notwithstanding the fact, measuring sustainability in TLE might sometimes, prove to
be a very complicated process. Establishing a reliable, realistic and consistent set of
indicators in 3-D spheres that involves the environmental, economic and social aspects of
TLEM remains a very significant challenge (Veal, 2017). Evaluation of sustainability in the
TLE takes place at regional and destination level. It makes the measurement of sustainability,
one of the regional activity while overshadowing the vitality of other enterprises like the

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hotels that exist at an enterprise level. This entirely downplays the fact that a visitor's
decision to tour a place is informed by the region and the diverse characteristics it holds. The
metrics used for measure the economic resources sustainability do not factor in the evolving
nature of these resources due to the change in preferences and the technological
improvements and advancement by the host region (Wise, 2016).
As per Mair and Laing (2013) Managing properly the ecological resources as an
outcome of the evaluation of sustainability in TLE activities provides a competitive edge
different TLEM industry players. Through the evaluation of sustainability in TLE, a balance
between the economic, ecological and social-cultural growth has been identified.
2.8 How TLE has been measured
TLE has been measured with the help of different TLE sustainability management and
evaluation tools and they are:
2.8.1 Sustainability impact assessment
Sustainability impact assessment is used for assessing the potential impacts of the
TLE on the economic, environmental and the social-cultural pillars of Caloundra region. The
people living around this site were asked their view points on the cultural exchange and the
borrowing in between the residents and the visiting visitors.
2.8.2 Environmental justice tools
The environmental justice tool was to judge whether the communities that are living
around the site are influenced or negatively affected by the problems related to environment
ranging from the psychological, mental and physical exposures (Mowforth& Munt, 2016).
The people living around the site were asked the questions for inquiring regarding their level
of satisfaction on the preparedness of the disaster of the very region as well as the effects of
the environmental pollution.

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2.8.3 Methodology
A questionnaire survey was carried out among a group of twenty sample stakeholders
from different areas in the region with interest in the TLE activities around the sites. Every
respondents of the survey were needed to fill a form with the written open-ended and closed-
ended questions. Each of the questions employed in the questionnaire covered the three
dimensions of sustainability ranging from environmental, economic and social-cultural issues
in context to the area.
2.9 Results
From the results of the questionnaire survey it has been analysed that about two-thirds
of the total respondents who have been sampled, perceive mixed thoughts on the issues of
environmental sustainability that the region is facing at present. The other one-third felt that
the issues facing by the region might be natural or man-made. Furthermore, 80% of them felt
that these issues could either be prevented if some responsive measures are put into the place
by means of establishing environmental policy, which takes into account every foreseen and
unforeseen environmental issues.
It is also recognized that the role played by the revenue that is generated from the
TLE activities surrounding the region such as building and equipping of the hospitals and
schools as one of the ways in which the resident communities have benefited. The aviation
and hospitality industry players appreciated the economic value that is created by the TLE
activities around the region along with the creation of employment opportunities as well as
contribution in the region.
3. Reflection
From the analysis I have understood that in order to understand sustainable TLE,
socio cultural, economic and environmental sustainability is required to be balanced well. To

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achieve this, combining the good will from all the involved stakeholders is required and with
the same, a strong administrative and regulatory framework should be encouraged and
followed.
4. Recommendations
Following recommendations are made for further improvements in the TLE activities;
a) Waste management measures needs to be improved for dealing with the problems of litters
and dirt present around the site.
b) The emissions of harmful gas from vehicles and locomotives that are plying the routes of
the site needs to be regulated.
c) The making of the vehicles needs to be regulated to a certain level which will prevent air
pollution.
d) Several guiding principles in the code of conduct and ethical or moral behaviour of the site
visitors needs to be implemented and enacted. It would help in preventing the exchange of
bad socio-cultural behaviours and habits from both the parts (Gallagher & Pike, 2011).
5. Conclusion
From the above analysis it is to be concluded that sustainable TLE requires
continuous effort from all the associated stakeholders. Stakeholders play an important role in
the process of implementation of sustainable TLE and its success. From the survey carried
out in this case study, it has been assessed that the sustainability of TLE is intertwined in the
balance in between the three dimensions of sustainability. Also, a more relevant and accurate
result could be obtained right after classifying the indicators at different levels as well as
taking into consideration that seasonal variations in different areas.

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References
Andersson, T.D. and Lundberg, E., 2013. Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact
assessments of a tourism event. Tourism management, 37, pp.99-109.
Caloundra Chamber of Commerce, 2018. Home - Caloundra Chamber of Commerce, QLD.
[online] Caloundrachamber.com.au. Available at:
http://www.caloundrachamber.com.au/ [Accessed 20 Oct. 2018].
Gallagher, A. and Pike, K., 2011. Sustainable management for maritime events and festivals.
Journal of Coastal Research, pp.158-165.
Getz, D., 2009. Policy for sustainable and responsible festivals and events:
Institutionalization of a new paradigm. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism,
Leisure and Events, 1(1), pp.61-78.
Jordan, E.J., Vogt, C.A., Kruger, L.E. and Grewe, N., 2013. The interplay of governance,
power and citizen participation in community tourism planning. Journal of Policy
Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 5(3), pp.270-288.
Lee, T.H., 2013. Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism
development. Tourism management, 34, pp.37-46.
Mair, J. and Laing, J.H., 2013. Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: the role of
sustainability-focused events. Journal of sustainable tourism, 21(8), pp.1113-1128.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I. 2016. Tourism and sustainability. 4th ed. New York, NY:
Routledge, pp.112-124.
Sunshine Coast Council, 2018. Community Profile. [online] Sunshine Coast Council.
Available at:
https://www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au/Experience-Sunshine-Coast/Statistics-and-
Maps/Community-Profile [Accessed 20 Oct. 2018].
Tanguay, G.A., Rajaonson, J. and Therrien, M.C., 2013. Sustainable tourism indicators:
Selection criteria for policy implementation and scientific recognition. Journal of
Sustainable Tourism, 21(6), pp.862-879.

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Tourism and Events Queensland, 2018. Tourism and Events Queensland Corporate
Information. [online] Teq.queensland.com. Available at: https://teq.queensland.com/
[Accessed 20 Oct. 2018].
TripHobo, 2018. Caloundra Tourism, Australia | Caloundra Travel Guide & Tips: Triphobo.
[online] TripHobo. Available at:
https://www.triphobo.com/place/city/51011e93408698104b000000? [Accessed 20
Oct. 2018].
Veal, A. 2017. Research methods for leisure and tourism. 5th ed. London: Pearsons UK,
pp.600-640.
Visit Sunshine Coast, 2018. What's On. [online] Visit Sunshine Coast. Available at:
https://www.visitsunshinecoast.com/What-to-do/What-s-On [Accessed 20 Oct. 2018].
Waligo, V.M., Clarke, J. and Hawkins, R., 2013. Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-
stakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism management, 36, pp.342-
353.
Wise, N., 2016. Outlining triple bottom line contexts in urban tourism regeneration. Cities,
53, pp.30-34.

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Appendices:
Appendix 1: Sustainable TLE Questionnaire
Respondent No: Position:
Email Address: Residential Area:
Occupation: Stakeholder Designation:
Kindly let us know how you feel about the economic benefits and the costs of the TLE
activities in the region. Tick √ to select your response to each statement.
Strongly
Disagree
Somehow
Disagree
Neither
Agree nor
Disagree
Somehow
Agree
Strongly
Agree
The transport needs of the
visitors and residents are
well catered for
The TLE activities around
the region have led to
more employment
opportunities and
investments
The processes involved
before granting of access
to visitors from outside to
the region are
cumbersome and
frustrating
TLE activities contribute
immensely to the GDP of

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the region and the country
The cultural exchange
between the visitors and
the host communities has
led to the erosion of the
communities’ culture
TLE activities have led to
the rise of social ills such as
crime, prostitution and
substance abuse around
the region
Too much activity around
the beach has led to
pollution of the water
thereby endangering the
marine life.
thereby endangering the
marine life.
The air pollution caused by
the vehicles, trains, and
planes has advance effects
on the community
wellbeing
There is an effective
disaster preparedness and
management strategy in
place to deal with the
occurrence of
environmental epidemics
What do you think needs to be done to mitigate the environmental pollution and poor waste
disposal hazards brought about by TLE activities?

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Do you think the current regulatory and policy measures are in favor of the growth of the
Tourism, Leisure, and Event Management activities around the region and projected towards
more growth in the future? Tick √ besides your answer.
YES [ ] NO [ ]
Please justify your response
What do you think needs to be done to increase the economic value of the resources around
the region?
Do you have an issue not captured in this survey that you would wish to put across?

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Appendix 2: Results of the Questionnaire
Respondent No. Area of Residence Position Views about the economic benefits and the costs of the TLE activities in the regiona
No. 1 Caloundra West Manager Department of National Parks, Sports, and Racing The TLE activities have led to increase employment opportunities and revenue generation
No. 2 Maloja Avenue PSV Driver The number of passengers using the public transport means have increased, this has however, increased traffic
No. 3 The Esplanade Senior Manager at Rhumba Beach Resort The profit margin generated by the resort due to Tourist and events activities constitutes the highest percentage
No. 4 Bulcock Street Beach attendant at Bulcock Beach The high influx of tourists and adventurerers at the beach guarantees an awesome reward for beach attendants
No. 5 Bowman Road Businessman at Stockland Business is at its best when there are TLE activitirs at the region
No. 6 Plover Tours Guide at Central Park The government earns a lot from the tourism activities at the Central Park.
No. 7 Friendship Avenue Flights Attendant Sunshine Coast Airport
No. 8 Burgess Street Security Guard at Kings Beach Tavern
No. 9 Queen Street Teacher at Caloundra State High School
No. 10 Stecay Marketing Manager, Ramada Hotel and Conference Centre
No. 11 Lower Gay Terrace Attendant Caloundra Hotel
No. 12 Florida (USA) Tourist
No. 13 London (UK) Tourist
No. 14 Minchinton Environmental Activities
TLE related activities are ever on the rise at this region thereby ensuring the number of flights handled by the airport
remains high.
Most of the visitors at the Taern are tourists or people seeking to relax. However, crime rate has increased around this
area.
The government has constantly ensured that the infrastructural development of the schools in this region is prioritized
in its budget
Ramada Hotel hosts at least two events per week and all their accommodation rooms are usually booked in advance
due to high demand
Tourists are the majority customers at this hotel. The employment opportunities keeps increasing due to the bulk of
tasks.
The time taken to get to the beach from the airport is considerably average. I like the culture of the local people and the
beach environment
The security around the beach needs to be beefed up. I don’t feel safe with the big number of jobless youths around
the beach
The level of air pollution due to increased traffic and locomotives is on the rise. Noise pollution at the streets and
littering at the beach remains high