Sustainable Tourism Development in Vietnam: Principles, Stakeholders, and Environmental Factors

This essay discusses sustainable tourism development in Vietnam, including principles, stakeholders, and environmental factors. It also explores the role of decision-making and tourists' motivating factors.

MGBBT1TEN TOURISM
ENVIRONMENT AND
INDUSTRY ESSAY

Table of Contents
ESSAY.............................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

ESSAY
Tourism environment refers to comprise varied factors that impact development and
growth of tourism industry, either in positive or negative way (Sharif and et.al., 2020). Tourism
environmental analysis is important, because it helps to identify each factor that contribute and
affect ventures in different manner. This environment put direct impact on tourism industry, in
term of affecting sector development and growth, regarding which governmental bodies focusing
on. The understanding of tourism environment is important for each stakeholder, who engage in
progress and success of overall industry. The current essay will be based on Vietnam, which falls
under the category of the most popular tourism nations in the world. It was situated off the
northern edge of the South America mainland. The study will define the concept, principles and
development of sustainable tourism in the chosen destination nation. It will also explain the role
of stakeholders included in decision-making related to similar process. Furthermore, the report
will also justify macro environmental factors contribute to sustainable development and micro
environment. Lastly, the study will clarify tourists motivating factors that influence demand of
tourism product. It will also define the strategic and justified suggestions that help in tourism
development of selected country.
Sustainable tourism is defined as strategic approach that drive the concentration of a
nation toward refocusing and adapting sustainable practices (Streimikiene and et.al., 2021). It
leads to increase the level of obtaining and providing benefits to the key stakeholders, engage in
development of tourism areas. In the recent time, it is one of the most highlighted and focused
areas by the governmental bodies in the varied nations, where tourism development is needed.
This term encompasses number of principles that relate to the development of Vietnam, a
developed nation. Use of resources in sustainable manner, is the first principle that helps in
tourism development of chosen nation. As it drives the attention of individual person and
organizations toward developing plans to utilize sustainable and recyclable products that protect
environment from each type of pollution (Sustainable Tourism, 2022). It is fact that the
appropriate conservation of key assets, including social, natural and cultural is essential, which
enable stakeholders to make long term ventures objectives and sense. Another principle of
sustainable tourism is reduction of over waste and consumption, which organizations in the
Vietnam focused on. It enables them to concentrate on elimination of over waste and
consumption of non-recyclable products that put the adverse impact on environmental

sustainability and development of tourism sector. Bio-diversity balance, is also included in the
list of sustainable tourism development principles, which enable companies and individual
person in the selected nation to conduct practice of balancing and promoting social, natural and
cultural diversity, which is quite essential and beneficial for them to do that. Integrating
tourism into planning, as the principle related to above term of development moves
stakeholders toward including tourism development concept into current and further planning,
from local to international level. As the overall process may undertake environmental influence
or impact assessments that maximize long term viability of entire industry. Support to local
economy is the fifth principle, according to which tourism support in the context of local
economies is valuable that help to develop sustainable tourism in the nation. Local
communities' engagement, stakeholders consultation, training, marketing and research that
stakeholders are accountable to undertake also benefits development of Vietnam, in tourism
perspectives. It is fact that engagement of local communities and staff training, help to achieve
the key goals and objectives. It helps to increase the effectiveness and efficiency related to the
entire process that develop the chosen nation in appropriate manner.
Decision-making refers to the process selecting a specific approach and then taking
action accordingly, for purpose of obtaining desire results, either achieving short or long term
goals (Bousdekis and et.al., 2021). In this procedure, number of stakeholders are included, who
play vital role related to sustainable tourism development, in term of provide strategic directions
and suggestions that is important for everyone to focus on. Local residents are included in
category of key stakeholders, who are playing their unpredictable roles in sustainable
development of tourism industry or area. As they engage in decisions related to the concept in
term of using recyclable products that save environment and tourism areas safe from harmful
factors. Local organizations, also include in decision-making in term of supporting
governmental bodies to conduct practice of sustainable tourism development. They commit to
adopt CSR concept and conduct practices accordingly, which is essential and useful for all of
them. Each local company may adopt some positive and effective actions that help to develop
tourism in sustainable manner. They attempt to conduct collaborative practices which other
sustainable brands who are capable and effective to make tourism industry sustainable, in term of
providing recyclable resources and products, which are quite easy to recycle (Roxas, Rivera and
Gutierrez, 2020). Government is the main stakeholder, who relate to sustainable tourism

development concept. They provide basic infrastructural facilities to the organizations, including
zoning arrangements and local planning. Government also play their essential role in decision-
making, in term of making discussion about guidelines that each and every stakeholder follow
and adhere with that. Along with above things, they plan to provide needed support facilities and
incentives to national and international investors, which enable them to invest more in
sustainable tourism development (Streimikiene and et.al., 2021). Employees as the most
important stakeholder in the corporate world plays their role in sustainable development of
tourism decision-making. They are able to provide strategic and creative ideas to the
organizations, while working in the workplace. Each idea is useful and beneficial in varied
aspects, for example, employees thoughts and ideas can boost the performance of ventures. They
contribute to achieve sustainable goals, in term of conducting effective practices, with
consideration of other terms related to the same process. It enables management to reach desire
outcomes, which is essential and beneficial too for everyone, whether they are stakeholders or
population.
Macro environmental factors can contribute to sustainable development of Trinidad and
Tobago, and impact in two different manners, such as in positive and negative (Radovanov and
et.al., 2020). Political factor is included in the list of macro environment terms, which put
positive impact on tourism development in sustainable manner in the nation, in term of driving
organizations and their management attention toward conducting collaborative and in partnership
practices with sustainable firms. Political stability put positive impact on companies that work
under tourism sector and enable them to become more sustainable. Economic factor also
contribute in the context of similar concept, in positive manner. As it enable individual person to
develop good understanding about sustainable tourism development, which drive the attention
toward conducting the same practice and engaging themselves in that also. Social factors will
also put positive impact on sustainable tourism development, in term of driving attention of
individual person toward adopting and accepting the sustainable concept related trends that put
direct impact on their daily activities, either relate to personal or professional. For example, it is
not in trend that local people are focusing on demanding sustainable products and services that
affect positively upon economic and country development (Key Factors Affecting Sustainable
Tourism, 2020). Technological factor, affect tourism development in positive manner, in term
of making marketers capable to promote sustainable practices of companies, and their vision,

which generate the awareness among population related to the sustainable practice and initiatives
that other takes. Through different technologies, they can aware people about what needs to do
and what changes are required to grow the nation in sustainable manner and develop tourism
industry in better way. It can be said that changes related to legal factors or regulatory terms put
negative impact on sustainable tourism development of Vietnam, in term of increasing a lot of
pressure on tourism organizations to make possible changes within short term period (Bekun and
et.al., 2022). As it is quite challenging for any company to comply with new rules and
regulations that affect business growth and existing practices, while it will impact positively, in
form of making nation sustainable as final outcome. Environmental factors will put positive
impact on chosen nation tourism development in term of driving the attention of each
stakeholder toward fulfilling the needs and requirements of individual customer in form of
conducting sustainable practices, that covers under CSR concept. It is quite essential for the
companies and all the stakeholders to consider each and every factor in appropriate way.
Porter's five forces model is applicable and suitable in case of conducting appropriate
analysis of competitiveness related to micro environment. The best thing about this strategic
framework is that it encompasses five different factors. Bargaining power of customers is the
first factor that impact, either negatively or positively upon sustainable development of tourism
in the chosen country. The degree of this force is low because of lack of satisfactory services and
products accessible in the corporate world, that a buyer take into their consideration. Bargaining
power of suppliers are also included in the category of forces that help to analyse the
competitive micro environment that influence demand of tourism product such as
accommodation service. The level of this force is also low, because number of sustainable
suppliers accessible in the world of business, who tend to work with developing and sustainable
nation, where CSR practices are conducting appropriately. It may lead to increase the demand of
all the tourism products and services, more than last few years or months. Threat of new
entrance, is the next force that will put positive impact on demand and other things related to
tourism. The degree of this force is low, because of requirements that emerge with development
of sustainable nation and tourism industry. It may affect positively in term of making existing
companies capable to focus on development of tourism sector in sustainable manner, which is
essential and useful too, in varied terms. As most of the companies are unable to conduct CSR
practice, due to lack of understanding regarding the same. Threat of substitute products and

services, will also impact demand of tourism product in negative manner, as number of
substitute available in the business world, which are impacting demand and supply of tourism
related things. It will lead to create more challenges in the context of developing sustainability in
the tourism sector where this practice is essential. When any product or service is not suitable, it
may unable companies to meet demand and needs of target market appropriately. Thus, it is
important for them to do that, with consideration of trends and individuals need. Competition
between existing companies, in the market is high that affect demand of tourism product.
Relaxation, high level of stress, self-fulfilment, social interaction and prestige are the main
factors of tourist motivation. Each factor may motivate traveller to travel or visit a specific
destination.
On the basis of above discussion, it has been concluded that sustainable tourism practices
and activities has driven the attention of companies and other stakeholders toward excellent
development of the country. It has enabled them to gain the attention of travel seekers, who seeks
to travel the whole world, and expect to obtain unpredictable travelling experience. Furthermore,
it has been identified that stakeholders contributions and their suggestions as well as engagement
has improved and makes decision-making procedure beneficial for everyone. It has provided
opportunity to develop the nation and make it sustainable in term of tourism, which is essential
and useful for the economic growth. Moreover, by summing up above discussion, it has been
summarized that identification of micro and macro environmental factors had driven the
concentration of stakeholders toward identification of issues that helped them to achieve the core
goals and objectives. Travelling ration in the nation has been increased rapidly because of
tourists motivation factors that has influenced the demand of tourism products in positive
manner. It has improved the overall industry and communities growth benefits in unexpected
way, which has taken by the consideration of all the stakeholders, who are capable to provide
more support in the context of sustainable tourism development.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bekun, F. V and et.al., 2022. Designing policy framework for sustainable development in Next-5
largest economies amidst energy consumption and key macroeconomic indicators.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 29(11). pp.16653-16666.
Bousdekis, A and et.al., 2021. A review of data-driven decision-making methods for industry 4.0
maintenance applications. Electronics. 10(7). p.828.
Radovanov, B and et.al., 2020. Using a two-stage DEA model to measure tourism potentials of
EU countries and Western Balkan countries: An approach to sustainable development.
Sustainability. 12(12). p.4903.
Roxas, F. M. Y., Rivera, J. P. R. and Gutierrez, E. L. M., 2020. Mapping stakeholders’ roles in
governing sustainable tourism destinations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Management. 45. pp.387-398.
Sharif, A and et.al., 2020. Tourism, environment and energy: an analysis for China. Current
Issues in Tourism. 23(23). pp.2930-2949.
Streimikiene, D and et.al., 2021. Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The
systematic literature review. Sustainable development. 29(1). pp.259-271.
Streimikiene, D and et.al., 2021. Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The
systematic literature review. Sustainable development. 29(1). pp.259-271.
Online
Key Factors Affecting Sustainable Tourism. 2020. [Online]. Available Through:
<http://koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202034651879503.page>
Sustainable Tourism. 2022. [Online]. Available Through: <https://tourismnotes.com/sustainable-
tourism/>