System Design and Development Assignment

The assignment focuses on determining system requirements for effective design, creating a context diagram and 0-level DFD, identifying functional and non-functional requirements, and improving system performance through analytical tools, new features, testing, and more. These efforts ensure the system works effectively, consumes less time in data processing, and generates accurate outcomes.

System analysis and
Design

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Draw a context diagram for the system.......................................................................................1
Draw data flow diagram level 0 for the system...........................................................................1
Discuss functional and non-functional requirements of the system............................................1
Draw input and output screen design in the system....................................................................1
Discuss best practices for system improvement..........................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
The evolution of E commerce has revolutionised way of doing business and shopping. It
has transformed overall process starting from data gathering to its processing. Moreover, a
proper system is been designed to provide ease in shopping (Garvey, Book & Covert, 2016.). It
is very necessary for companies to identify functional and non functional requirements for
designing. It describes how and which users will interact with system, how data will flow,
process, etc. On basis of it, entire system is developed and installed. Also, it enables in providing
a framework through which entire system can be designed. For this there are many online
platforms available on which system designing is done. This assignment will show context
diagram of an online shopping system. Also, what are the functional and non functional
requirements of system. At last practices of improving system will be discussed.
Draw a context diagram for the system
A context diagram represents the overall design of a system. It demonstrates different
parts, entities, boundary, etc. of a system which makes it easy to understand external and internal
factors that will interact with system (Benveniste & et.al., 2018). It is a very high level diagram
that is built with blocks. There are two types of context diagram which is described below :-
Entities – In this only entity is shown that represents users which interact with system.
Relationship – It describes relationship between entities and system.
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Figure 1 Context diagram
This diagram represents overall structure and process of how each entity like customers,
order, administrator, etc. these all are connected to online shopping system and the input and
output of data and information is different.
Draw data flow diagram level 0 for the system
A data flow diagram shows how data flows within system. It also provides information
about input and output of each entity and process as well. The DFD differs on levels of its entity
and process. It can be 0, 1,2, etc. (Hoppe & Hisschemöller, 2018). Through DFD improvements
can be done in system by making changes in flow of data. This is done by identifying
deficiencies in process (Data flow diagrams, 2018). There are two types of data flow diagrams.
Physical – It demonstrates how things happen in data flow by specifying things such as files,
people, etc. involved in it.
Logical – It shows what happens in flow of data, which user are receiving information, where
data is been transmitted, etc.
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Figure 2 Data flow diagram 0 level
The above diagram shows how only customer and admin interact with website at 0 level.
Also, the data processed and output of both entities is same in this level.
Discuss functional and non-functional requirements of the system
Every system consists of certain requirements which is hardware and software that helps
in its functioning. Without identifying requirements, it is not possible to design a system. For
every system its requirement may differ according to its size and type. Thus, it is necessary to
analyse overall specifications and selecting appropriate one (Functional and non-functional
requirements, 2019). Functional requirements describe interaction of user with system. It stated
that what a system will do whereas non functional shows user visibility aspect of system (Lents
& et.al., 2016). It means that how that system will do a particular function. In addition to it, they
can also differ as per type of system. But usually, non functional requirements are same in most
of the systems. It generally varies on basis of time, policies, performance, etc. of system. For an
online shopping system these both are specified below :-
The functional requirements are as follows :-
Administrator – The person who is responsible for updating system. Also, monitoring of
system, recording data, contacting another department, etc. are functions performed by
administrator.
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Transaction – It includes the way in which transactions will be done. This contains types that is
debit, credit, how data will be entered, etc. are included in it. Moreover, a proper framework is
established through which transactions are done.
Legal requirements- It contains rules and regulations which will be followed in data processing,
storing, etc. the front end developer is responsible for ensuring that legal procedure is been
followed in purchasing products, doing transaction, etc.
Authentication – Here, it is been ensured that authenticity of data is maintained. The person sets
a framework through which overall system works. A process is followed which maintain
authenticity of data.
Non -functional requirement covers all the relevant requirement which are not be covered
by the functional requirement. It is specially specified the criteria that identify the operations of
online shopping system. There are different types of non functional requirement. Scalability- It is a capability of online system and process to handle the complexity for
growing amount of work. Online shopping system will help for consumer to easily
understand the online blogs by using online mode.
 Security- In the electronic e-commerce, security is the main issue that must be
considered. There are various type of viruses, threats affects the internal mechanism of
online shopping system (Qiu, Gao & Ding, 2016). It is required for using the encryption
algorithm, distributed security management, anti-viruses and firewall etc. this will help
for providing the security and privacy in proper manner. Usability- It is a crucial part in the online website because many users can use online
store and application for the purpose of shopping. It is required for maintain the interface
that help for enhancing the usability. If the system has well maintained and structured,
easy for user to access the information at anywhere by using internet.
 Documentation – In this requirement related to hardware and software are specified. It
includes detail description of website.
 Privacy – It means that how privacy of data and information will be maintained. Also,
where data will be stored and how it will be shared with
 Security – It describes how security of data will be maintained. In this it is mentioned
that where data will be stored, in how much time it will be backed up, etc
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 Recoverability – Here, it is mentioned that how data will be recovered, what process will
be followed in it, time frame, etc.
 Data integrity – In this it is mentioned that how data will be maintained, where it will be
used, etc. moreover, on what routine data will be sent to customers and other parties. s
Hence, these all the requirements of system through which it is developed. It is mainly
categories into two that is front and back end developer. In both different procedure is followed
which enables in proper functioning of system.
Draw input and output screen design in the system
A system consists of different types and number of screens which is having separate
design.
Input -In a system an input screen is the first webpage of website where a user interacts with
business. It contains only certain information in which user have to fill their details.
Figure 3 Input design
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Output – It is the last webpage that is basically payment page which confirms successful
transaction.
Figure 4 Output design
Discuss best practices for system improvement
A system is damaged when there occurs any errors or defects in it. This results in
detecting errors while data flow or process. Therefore, it is very important for company to
maintain their system so that its efficiency is improved. Moreover, it allows in smooth accessing
of web pages and data flow. In order to do so a proper and systematic process is followed which
enables in evaluating overall system efficiency. There are several practices which is used in
improving system speed, accuracy and efficiency (Fortino & et.al., 2017). Improving system
increases speed of data processing and producing results in form of displaying webpages.
Furthermore, there is need to improve system so that goals and objectives are attained. It is also
useful in resolving security issues of storing data. There are many other advantages of
maintaining system and its efficiency. They are as follows :-
Using analytical tools – In this practice certain analytical tools and equipment’s can be used to
measure system efficiency. It will support in finding out potential of system so that
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improvements are made. Beside this, by using tools accuracy and tracking of data can be done.
For example – control charts, cause effect diagram, etc. can be used in improving system.
Testing system- this is the best practice which helps in improving system. Here, each component
installed within system can be tested. It will be useful in determining any errors or defects.
Furthermore, testing helps in evaluating each software of system and making changes in it.
Alongside it, data is also gathered about how well system is performing.
Using advance technology – It is another practice through which system can be improved. Here,
advance tools and equipment’s can be used to enhance efficiency and performance of system.
Moreover, by updating software within system and using advance technology is gathering data
and analysing. Sometimes, due to technological advancement automatically system has to be
updated so that functions can be performed in faster way.
Adding new features – By adding new features and installing new hardware or software system
performance can be improved. Besides this, when new features are added it increases speed of
data processing, producing results, etc. furthermore, this practice is usually followed by most
business when they redesign system (Miller, Richter & O’Leary, 2015). It enables in increasing
accuracy as well as efficiency of software installed in it.
Therefore, by following above practices system performance can be enhanced. Also, it
depends on type of system that which practice is best suited and what will be its impact on
overall efficiency of system. Apart from this, improving system helps in easy storage and process
of data. Also, it enables increasing transparency between user interaction and system. However,
data can be accessed and processes are fastened. Some changes are also made in security and
privacy of system. It helps in proper encryption and decryption of data and smooth flow of
information from one source to another.
CONCLUSION
From assignment it can be summarised that it is essential to determine system
requirements so that it can be designed in effective way. A context diagram of system is been
designed. Also, 0 level DFD is drawn which show flow of data between customer and admin.
The functional requirements of system are administrator, transaction, etc. whereas non functional
are documentation, privacy, security, etc. it has been concluded that there are several practices
which are followed in improving system performance. They are by using analytical tools, adding
new features, testing system, etc. It helps in effective working of system and removing
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deviations. Apart from it, an improved system works in effective way and consumes less time in
data processing and generating outcomes.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Benveniste, A. & et.al.,. (2018). Contracts for system design. Foundations and Trends® in
Electronic Design Automation. 12(2-3). 124-400.
Fortino, G. & et.al., (2017). Agent-oriented cooperative smart objects: From IoT system design
to implementation. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems. (99).
1-18.
Garvey, P. R., Book, S. A., & Covert, R. P. (2016). Probability methods for cost uncertainty
analysis: A systems engineering perspective. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Hoppe, R., & Hisschemöller, M. (2018). Coping with Intractable Controversies: The Case for
Problem Structuring in Policy Design and Analysis 1. In Knowledge, power, and
participation in environmental policy analysis (pp. 47-72). Routledge.
Lents, C. E. & et.al., (2016). Parallel hybrid gas-electric geared turbofan engine conceptual
design and benefits analysis. In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference (p.
4610).
Miller, C. A., Richter, J., & O’Leary, J. (2015). Socio-energy systems design: a policy
framework for energy transitions. Energy Research & Social Science. 6. 29-40.
Qiu, J., Gao, H., & Ding, S. X. (2016). Recent advances on fuzzy-model-based nonlinear
networked control systems: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63(2).
1207-1217.
Online
Data flow diagrams. 2018. [online] Available through : < https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/data-
flow-diagram-tutorial>
Functional and non-functional requirements. 2019. [online] Available through : <
https://www.systemation.com/functional-and-non-functional-requirements-a-primer/>
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