Cyber Security Systems: A Technological Survey

This assignment provides a detailed overview of cyber security systems, focusing on the development and significance of OpenSSL. The tool was first released in 1998 by Tim Hudson and Andrew Young, who worked at RSA Security. With a budget less than $1 million USD per year, OpenSSL has supported various cryptographic algorithms such as Ciphers, public key cryptography, and hash functions. It is one of two open-source programs that have undergone computer security validation and has dual licensing under Apache and SSLeay licenses.

Systems and Cyber security

Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Tool description-..............................................................................................................................4
Role in Cyber security-....................................................................................................................7
Descriptions:....................................................................................................................................8
Evaluation- ....................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

Abstract
System and cyber security is the major concern about the network safety that help for providing
the best quality of services by using the OpenSSL tool. It is an efficient tool that support to
manage the communication between one node to another. This tool is the defender to protect
against the potential attack towards the threats that generated in the system. It is playing
important role in the cyber security to perform different functions to provide the security and
safety in effective manner. Cyber security is the main part for managing their operations and
functions by using the OpenSSL tool. This is an efficient tool to protect their data at the time of
communications which provide the brief idea in this project.

Introduction
Cyber security is the main aim to protect against the attackers and threats because there
are different threats damage the entire functionality of data transmission processing. This report
will discuss about the OpenSSL tool which is based on the software applications that secure
communication between the network against towards the eavesdropping. This software and tool
will useful for the purpose in web servers, serving all the websites. It also discusses about their
functionality and characteristics of OpenSSL tool. Furthermore, This assignment will describe
the brief roles and responsibilities of this tool in the cyber security. At last task, this report will
discuss about the entire working procedure of OpenSSL and how they perform different function
in effective manner.
Tool description-
OpenSSL is based on the software platform which is robust and commercial-grade. This
tool is provide the full featured security in the different layer such as secure socket layer and
transport layer security. These layers are provided the best quality of services in the transmission
of communication purpose. It is a type of cryptography library that contain the different
information about the community and team of particular project. OpenSSL tool is license under
the Apache style it means that user free to easily access and get for the non commercial and
commercial purpose (Toch and et.al., 2018). The core library is written in the C programming
language which implements the basic cryptography functions that provide the different types of
function for protecting the system. This tool is used the different types of programming language
which are available in the marketplace. OpenSSL is contains the library that generating the RSA
private key and certificate signing encryptions. This is an efficient tool which is embedded with
the different programming language to manage entire processing or generate the certificate in
proper manner. It is necessary for managing the entire communication between the client and
server side. There are some loss happen in the sending data from one network to another that's
why, it can be used the OpenSSL tool which is based on the cryptographic library that provide
the security and privacy in the communication medium (Abdo and et.al., 2018).
It is the best quality of services provided in the communication network between the two
different parties. This tool will efficient and effective to manage the entire network system in
proper manner. OpenSSL is applicable in every thing about the personal scripts that someone
used the large commercial web service and emails. It is widely accepted that applied in the real

world in different ways. It also used the Perl scripts and open source project to develop the
OpenSSL library. There are various way to describe that how Transport layer security and
Secure socket layer works.
 Once connection is established between the server and client therefore, client send
request to the server to create secure connection. The request's information send from one
node to another which is based on the cryptographic support to the client security.
 On the server side, it can choose the secure option therefore, both side support and also
send the security certificate signed with the public server key(Chen Hong and Liu, 2018).
 Afterwards, the client is verified that the certificate or another secrete key generate or not,
it also sends to the server side. In this way, it can be encrypted the server public key.
 Client and server are used the secret key to create and generate the symmetric key. In this
way, it communicates between the client to server.
OpenSSL tool is used the library source code which is available in the official site of GitHub
repository. It is specific set of shell scripts for creating OpenSSL easier to use in the system and
cyber security (Bobba and Rashid, 2017). These are layers always maintain the functionality in
proper manner because it is necessary to control the signals traffic and protect their data on the
network. This tool is provided the fast speed to send the signals in quick manner.
Benefits of OpenSSL tool-
Characteristics of OpenSSL tool-
 This tool is applicable the timing vulnerability in the DSA signature generation. This
algorithm is shown the timing of particular attack in the form of channels. Many attacker
can used the develop variations in singing of algorithm and also recover the private key.
This problem is reported to OpenSSL tool that help for removing the threats and
protected system effectively and efficiently.
 OpenSSL is unlocking phrases that protected the PEM files which also not allows the
empty phrases.
 It provides implementation of different protocols that use for the purpose of references in
new features. This tool is applicable in each and every browsers worldwide providing the
functionality.

 This tool is easily encrypt the content of files and emails of different attachment that
sends from client side to server. It also provides the security in the data transmission
therefore, encrypt messages being sent with the help of text within an application.
 It used for providing the security to entire device in case the data lost and stolen.
Functions of OpenSSL-
It is commercial toolkit and written the TLS protocol that provide the engine to interface
with the hardware and HSM for performing the crypto operations but use the OpenSSL tools.
Channel in OpenSSL - Sometimes, it is identified that TCP connection is not always working in
the communication medium so that it used the defaults cryptographic implementation of
OpenSSL is good for establishing the connections therefore, the direct communication doesn't
possible. OpenSSL tool is provide the interface in the system is called BIO interface. It always
maintains the communication behaviour in the overriding (Hu and et.al., 2018). Transport layer
is establish the session that many record all the data that exchanged with the help of higher layer
in RPS. This layer is involved with the establishing the TCP application layer in the server side.
All the functionality is managed by the OpenSSL tool.
Architecture of OpenSSL – This tool is basically used for the command line utility that linked
with the library into the different users applications. There are different layer applicable such as
command line EVP and SSL layers. It is typically useful in the interface for the purpose of caller
code by using the cryptographic functions in the OpenSSL.
Command Line Interface
EVP Interface SSL interface and implementation
Default crypto
Implementation
Engine interface BIO interface Utilise (Date,
structure, error and
reporting etc.)
External hardware accelerators External communication hooks
In this architecture, there are different layers represented in the command line that has to be
specific task to manage the security and privacy of communications. It includes EVP interface,
SSL interface, Engine, BIO and external hardware accelerators or external communication hooks
etc.

Using Engine interface – The engine interface is to be declared in the header and this is also
support for specific hardware in proper manner. Each and every engine is designed in proper
format such as engine ID string etc. OpenSSL is also implementation with the specific software
that interface with the different hardware to perform operations and functions. The Default
engine ID is basically OpenSSL tool that uses for building a default software implements in the
system (Jeschke and et.al., 2017). It is performed different functions to fix the external
implementation for the specific algorithms. It is the important functionality to handle the overall
operations of OpenSSL tools.
Role in Cyber security-
OpenSSL tool is basically used in the cryptography that help for providing the security in
the data transmission where it passes through the medium and generally the best medium is
computer network. Nowadays, many applications need security in the system that help protect
their data in proper manner. OpenSSL is a based on the cryptographic library that implementing
in different industries. It is the best regarded concept that includes the encryption algorithm such
as RSA and AES. It is secure and reliable for building the block in the cryptographic protocols .
Many times, attacker try to unlock the data but he fails due the encryption algorithm because it
provides strong privacy and security (Giraldo and et.al., 2017). SSL and TLS protocol are both
common security service provider that create network connection in such way to reduce the
expertise in the cryptographic. There are different types of algorithm applicable in this tool to
perform specific roles.
 Confidentiality- Data can be kept in privately and it can be transmitted from one
medium to another. Sometimes, the potential attacker can easily see the activities of
communication but the data should be automatically unlock. Attacker cannot unlock the
data without the proper details and informations. In this way, it can be said that OpenSSL
is contains the cryptographic technique to encrypt the data by using the algorithm. It
provides the secrete key that useful for process of decryption and encryption. It is
important for always keep to secret the key.
 Integrity- Data integrity is conceptual idea that should be integrate the entire data in
proper manner. It is piece of data that identify any modification occur over specific time
of period. This is always check and make sure that data send from one place to another in

properly and cannot modified in their transmissions (Liu and et.al., 2017). This concept
used the checksum to easily detect any type of errors in the system. Sometimes, the
attacker is trying to change bit of data for changing the corresponding encrypted bit data.
 Authentication- It is important in the cyber security for used the authentication process
that help for providing the best security and protection. OpenSSL tool used the
cryptographic concept that establish the correct authentication for identifying the correct
person those who will have secret key to operate in effective manner. In the cyber
security, it is necessary for managing the entire functionality of system in proper manner
therefore, it will provide the facility to easily identify the attacker that remove in the
system.
 Non- repudiation- Attacker is not comprises the cryptographic keys because secure
socket layer is supported to the non-repudiation concept. It is easier to add some features
with the help of digital signature. This will provide the security to
Descriptions:
OpenSSL is a client based tool that can used for connecting with the secure server. This
tool is basically similar to the telnet that sense and also handle the different layers such as
transport layer and secure socket layer etc. this will allow controlling the entire layer in proper
manner therefore, the connection establishment is requires connecting with the server. Once
command is executed that see different lot of diagnostic outputs. Now, it is important that
transport layer is communication medium that working in the HTTP send the request to the
server side and server back to response and generate the diagnostic output (Sanjab, Saad and
Başar, 2017). It is necessary to follow some line for generating the server certifications.
Sometimes, the client cannot accept the default certificate. It is only used the self signed
certificate in the chain procedure. Sometimes, client complaint again and verifying the each and
very certificate from chain. After selecting the verification work, it must always access a proper
CA certificates. Next steps, All the output list of certificates are presented in the server in order
to deliver chain. In each certificate, first line shows the subject and another shows the issue and
problem in the information(Sanjab, Saad and Başar, 2017). It is very important process that
exactly what certificate send to the browser and display the reconstruction of chain. Afterwards,
the item is generating the output on server certificate.

Step: 1
Install the OpenSSL
Open the link in the browser
There are different options are available so that choose the OpenSSL related binary distribution
which consist of few distributions.
First of All, it can generate certificate details to fill all the necessary details effectively and
efficiently. In this figure, it can generate the certificate signing request.

Step : 2
Established the connectivity and connection in the SSL to provide the security and privacy in the
data communication process.
There are different options are available to establish the connections and also set up the specific
path of SSL CA File.

Step : 3
Afterwards, there are used some command to test the SSL server such as $ OpenSSL S_client –
connect www.twitter.com : 443 -showcerts.
In this way, it can be test the SSL server which is working properly or not. It can be used some
command to easily check the connection as well as running status.

Evaluation-
OpenSSL is software based library that provided the safety and security in the communication of
computer networks. This tool is open source implementation in the SSL and TLS protocol. This
project is found in 1998 that provide the free set of encryption tool in the form of code which
used on internet. It is developed by the Tim Hudson and Andrew young in 17 December 1998.
They are both worked in the RSA security(Sanjab, Saad and Başar, 2017). It is also established
the management committee that consists of 7 peoples. The overall budget less than 1 million
USD per year and it is developed in 1.3 TLS. OpenSSL tool support to the various number of
cryptographic algorithms such as Ciphers public key cryptography and hash functions etc. These
are important algorithms which provided the best quality of security and safety in the
communication. It is one of two open sources program that involved the validation under the
computer security. It is based on the double licensed and it means that applied the both Apache
license and SSLeay license. This tool is exceptions for the managing the security aspects of
communication process and it also useful for sending the data transmitted from one network to
another.

REFERENCES
Books and journals:
Toch, E. and et.al., 2018. The Privacy Implications of Cyber Security Systems: A Technological
Survey. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 51(2).p.36.
Abdo, H. and et.al., 2018. A safety/security risk analysis approach of Industrial Control
Systems: A cyber bowtie–combining new version of attack tree with bowtie
analysis. Computers & Security, 72.pp.175-195.
Chen, Y., Hong, J. and Liu, C.C., 2018. Modeling of intrusion and defense for assessment of
cyber security at power substations. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(4). pp.2541-
2552.
Bobba, R.B. and Rashid, A., 2017, October. CPS-SPC 2017: Third Workshop on Cyber-Physical
Systems Security and PrivaCy. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on
Computer and Communications Security (pp. 2629-2630). ACM.
Hu, Q and et.al., 2018. Secure state estimation and control for cyber security of the nonlinear
power systems. IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 5(3).pp.1310-1321.
Jeschke, S. and et.al., 2017. Industrial internet of things and cyber manufacturing systems.
In Industrial Internet of Things (pp. 3-19). Springer, Cham.
Giraldo, J. and et.al., 2017. Security and privacy in cyber-physical systems: A survey of
surveys. IEEE Design & Test, 34(4).pp.7-17.
Liu, X and et.al., 2017. Power system risk assessment in cyber attacks considering the role of
protection systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8(2).pp.572-580.
Sanjab, A., Saad, W. and Başar, T., 2017. Prospect theory for enhanced cyber-physical security
of drone delivery systems: A network interdiction game. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1702.04240.