Systems Engineering Approach Report

The report delves into the systems engineering approach, outlining the importance of system models in project methodologies. It covers preliminary and detailed design phases, specifications, testing, and recommendations for enhancing project performance. The document emphasizes the integration of sustainability and security in system design, providing a comprehensive overview of the engineering processes involved.

Running head: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH
Systems Engineering Approach
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s note

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................2
2. Basic definitions.....................................................................................................................2
3. Preliminary System Design....................................................................................................3
3.1 Preliminary Design Requirements...................................................................................3
3.2 Development, product, Process, and material specifications...........................................4
3.2.1 System specification (Type A)..................................................................................4
3.2.2 Development specification (Type B)........................................................................5
3.2.3 Product specification (Type C).................................................................................5
3.2.4 Process specification (Type D).................................................................................6
3.2.5 Material specification (Type E)................................................................................6
3.3 Preliminary design criteria...............................................................................................6
3.3.1 Design for functional capability................................................................................6
3.3.2 Design for sustainability...........................................................................................6
3.3.3 Design for security....................................................................................................6
3.3.4 Design for maintainability.........................................................................................7
3.4 Design engineering activities...........................................................................................7
4.0 Detail System Design...........................................................................................................7
4.1 Detail Design Requirements............................................................................................7
4.2 Evolution of detail design................................................................................................8
4.3 Integrating system elements and activities.....................................................................10
4.6 Development of engineering models.............................................................................10
4.7 System prototype development......................................................................................11
4.8 Design revive, evolution and feedback..........................................................................12
5.0 System Theory Testing......................................................................................................13
5.1 Type 2 Testing...............................................................................................................13
5.2 Type 2 Testing details....................................................................................................13
5.3 Feedback and Validation................................................................................................15
6. Conclusion............................................................................................................................15
7. Recommendation..................................................................................................................15
8. References............................................................................................................................16

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1. Introduction
The study report focuses on the systems model and its impact on the project. The
system model has the potential to embellish the project methodologies which can assist to
execute the project in agile and efficient manner. The preliminary design, the detailed design
will be highlighted in the report elaborately. The system model helps to take the appropriate
actions and the procedures and also consider the environmental factors to successfully
accomplish the project.
2. Basic definitions
A system is a collaboration of hardware, software and system processes as a whole
and it is necessary that they work together to produce a thorough output of the project.
System engineering involves two procedures-the first one is system engineering management
and the second one is the project methodological knowledge which is necessary to
successfully execute the project (Chang, Perng & Juang, 2008). The System Engineering
Management can be achieved by the following means-
i. Development phase: It caters the principals and the policies that must be followed.
ii. Proces phase: It caters the structure for the system model to so that the project can be
completed efficiently within given stipulated time.
iii. Lifecycle integration: It regulates the entire project and makes sure that no mishaps occur
within the project. This phase basically makes sure everything is working well.
3. Preliminary System Design
Preliminary System Design defines the initial phase of the development of the project
via developing solid models that are absolutely necessary. The developed model enhances
decision making and helps to accomplish the goals relevant to the project. All the

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prerequisites are examined in this process and based on the requisites. The system design also
includes the demands for the mechanical components via which the project can be
successfully executed (Hipel et al., 2009). Therefore, the theoretical design examination,
costing of the whole project must be conducted beforehand to accomplish the project goals.
3.1 Preliminary Design Requirements
The requirements for the preliminary design gets evoluted from the prerequisites of
the system design. The conceptual design involves the following parameters- the whats is a
source of initiative behind the conceptual design, how efforts should be employed to evaluate
the proposed conceptual design, how the requirements for the design must be properly met to
acquire the desired result (Jorgensen et al., 2007). Then whats become the final outcome for
this preliminary design must be considered.

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Figure 1: Program documentation tree
(Source: Jorgensen et al., 2007)
3.2 Development, product, Process, and material specifications
3.2.1 System specification (Type A)
The system specification highlights the technical and support characteristics of the
proposed project or the system and also the performance of the same. The feasibility analysis,
proper maintenance, proper TPM requirements are involved that must be considered for
accurately conducting the system design.
3.2.2 Development specification (Type B)
Development specification involves both qualitative and quantitative technical
requirements for the project, these requirements are basically to research, design and develop
the system design project (Matar et al., 2017). The development specification generally is
generally carried out beneath the system level.
3.2.3 Product specification (Type C)
The product specification involves the qualitative and the quantitative requirements
that are recently stockpiled and those can be developed ‘off the shelf'.

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Figure 2: Program documentation tree
(Source: Matar et al., 2017, pp-190-201)
3.2.4 Process specification (Type D)
The process specification includes the qualitative and quantitative technical
prerequisites and also involved the required procedures to focus on each and every element of
the system and successful completion of those elements fruitfully.
3.2.5 Material specification (Type E)
The material specification defines the technical prerequisites that are correlated with
semi-fabricated materials, raw materials and the liquids (O'Shaughnessy & Sturges, 1991).

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3.3 Preliminary design criteria
Preliminary design criteria basically deal with the operational prerequisites, support
and productivity (TPM) associated with the product and the project. It is developed in
compliance the design-to criteria, it is also developed to meet all the desired requirements in
varied applicable specimens.
3.3.1 Design for functional capability
The functional capability defines the aspects of the design that is associated with the
technical know-how of the system (Systems Engineering Fundamentals, 2001). Here the
factors associated with the product like size, volume, speed, travel is considered.
3.3.2 Design for sustainability
The sustainability basically involves the operation and the support that is required to
give security and the productivity all throughout the project lifecycle, besides that it must be
noticed that the environment’s natural resources must not get affected due to any kind of
harmful effect of the
3.3.3 Design for security
Security refers to the varied aspects of the project's design that must be applied to the
system to protect it from various kinds of threats and risks and any kind of vulnerabilities that
can negatively affect the company as well as the society and the environment (Wasson,
2006).
3.3.4 Design for maintainability
Maintainability deals with the accuracy, ease, simplicity, and economy and the
maintenance related to the project.
3.4 Design engineering activities
Design activities at first require a proactive team initiative. A personel must be
introduced to assist them in the business needs. A system engineering is applied to assure

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appropriate collaboration of the design procedures (De Lemos et al., 2013). Therefore to
apply the system engineering procedures effectively, a collaboration of expertise is required
and they are engineering technical expertise and technical support team, and non-technical
support.
4.0 Detail System Design
4.1 Detail Design Requirements
The detail design requirements for the project comes from the system specs (Type A)
and generally goes through the subsequent specs (Type B to Type E) to successfully
implement the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) project.
Figure 3: Sequential versus concurrent approaches in system design
(Source: Whittle, Hutchinson & Rouncefield, 2014, pp-79-85)

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4.2 Evolution of detail design
The evaluation of the detail design of Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is
basically based on the three systems that include information, energy, matter all accordance
to the laws of modern systems theory and the physics. The system will be further examined
via SysML notation (Whittle, Hutchinson & Rouncefield, 2014). In the case of green
construction scenario, the purpose of the system model is to develop a balance between going
green and the environmental resources efficiently. The reports must be made on the
operations and should be kept a digital copy to comprehend the detail system design.

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Figure 4 Basic design sequence with feedback
(Source: Fuggetta & Di Nitto, 2014, pp. 1-12)

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4.3 Integrating system elements and activities
The SysML notation is to cater innate systems which offer, promote and allow the
structure, the growth and extension on Earth is also considered. The Esos consist of the four
main systems is the atmospheric system environment, the hydrospheric, biospheric and lastly
lithospheric system environment (Fuggetta & Di Nitto, 2014). The resources must be selected
keeping in mind that the components are commercially achievable and those items can be
modified, other than these components, any new components can be developed to meet the
functional prerequisites.
Figure 5: The environmental system of systems
(Source: Matar at el., 2017, pp-190-201)
4.6 Development of engineering models
The engineering models are built to cater customer satisfaction, by developing an
operating model the system can make to work in a robust manner too. Therefore, the
engineering models must be built that can accompany with the ESoS (Thüm et al., 2014).
Here in this case for ESoS, the certain principles can be followed to acquire the preeminent
values for all the system flows.

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Figure 6 The construction product system
(Source: Matar at el., 2017, pp-190-201)
4.7 System prototype development
The system prototype development signifies the development of the system. Here, in
this case, the two principles have been followed that accompanies ESoS to acquire the
desired outcomes and they are-
i. In the atmosphere, ecological units are rooted to accumulate the energy material input and
to discharge energy-matter output (David et al., 2013).
ii. Both the energy and the gathering gets preserved based on the equilibrium equation-
Accumulation=Input-Output.