Impact of Government Strategies in Tackling Tuberculosis Among Ethnic Minorities in England

Health Project
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ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis has been determined as the infectious diseases that impacts the lungs of an
individual. In England, tuberculosis among ethnic minorities has been spread on a higher note.
Government has taken certain strategies in order to tackle the cases of Tuberculosis among
ethnic minorities in England. The major aim of the project is associated within identifying the
extent up-to which the cases of Tuberculosis has been reduced among ethnic minorities in
England due to the effective strategies of government. Also, the major strategies of government
in this context has been analysed. Secondary data has been collected for analysing the major
outcomes of research topic. Furthermore, google scholar, education resource centre has been
reviewed and best articles has been selected in order to conduct research. In context of database
searching, District health information management system data has been used. The findings of
the research depict that strategies of government have been proven highly effective in regards of
tackling the cases of Tuberculosis among ethnic minorities in England. However, pandemic has
impacted the strategies of government in this context. Outcomes of the research concluded that
government has assured their effective contribution in reducing the case of Tuberculosis and
often achieved the positive results.
TABLE OF CONTENT
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ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................4
Background of the study..............................................................................................................4
Rationale......................................................................................................................................5
Aim and objectives......................................................................................................................5
Research questions.......................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2: METHODOOGY.....................................................................................................6
Introduction..................................................................................................................................6
Study design.................................................................................................................................6
Literature search strategy.............................................................................................................7
Ethical consideration...................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................8
Introduction..................................................................................................................................8
Impact of government strategies in tackling tuberculosis among ethnic minorities in England. 8
Steps that need to be taken for decreasing tuberculosis cases among ethnic minorities in
England......................................................................................................................................10
Impact of the ongoing pandemic on the strategies of contemporary government in fighting
against TB..................................................................................................................................11
FINDINGS.....................................................................................................................................12
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS....................................................19
Introduction................................................................................................................................19
Summary of the findings...........................................................................................................19
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................20
Recommendations......................................................................................................................20
Reflection...................................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Tuberculosis is a serious infectious bacterial disease that affects lungs and this bacterium
cause TB to people when an infected person sneeze or cough (Hayward and et.al., 2018). As it is
known that ethnic group of people of the UK are suffering from this problem due to lack of
access to healthcare, malnutrition, alcohol consumption. It has become important for government
to focus on this problem and protect people from getting affected with this problem. In this
regard, it is found that in the year of 2015 the NHS England and Public health England launched
collaborative Tuberculosis strategy for England 2015-2020 with the main aim of responding
increasing rate of tuberculosis. This governmental policy has focused on improving access to
services and ensure early diagnosis, ensure comprehensive contact tracing and providing
universal access to high quality diagnostics. It has helped number of people and will decrease
this rate. Governmental policies that has been discussed will help out ethnic minorities in
improving overall health and living standard as well.
Background of the study
Tuberculosis is a severe disease that is caused by bacterium called mycobacterium
tuberculosis. This bacteria attacks lung but TB bacteria can attack any park of human’s body
like: kidney, brain and spine. There are 3 main stages of TB such as: exposure, latent and active
disease. Coughing for three or more weeks, chest pain, fever, fatigue, night sweats are some
symptoms of this disease by which healthcare professional can suspect as an individual is
suffering from TB (Lee and et.al., 2018). This problem is affecting ethnic minorities of the UK to
the great extent and in this context, it is found that in the year of 2020, around 80-89% cases of
UK were among ethnic and racial minority groups. There are certain medical conditions that
contribute disparities in TB’s rate. Some medical condition that increase chances of people to get
affected with tuberculosis such as: tobacco HIV infection, cancer and diabetes. There are number
of other factors that also lead Tb disparity among ethnic minority group such as: housing
insecurity and lack of access to medical or healthcare. Malnutrition, tobacco, smoke and alcohol
consumption are some other causes of increasing rise of this case among ethnic minority group.
This present study is going to discuss effectiveness of governmental strategies and policies
that have been developed with the main aim of tackling tuberculosis cases among ethnic group or
minorities of the UK. It will further discuss all important elements of research methodology or
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ways in which data can be collected. Primary and secondary data collection plays a vital role as it
enables researcher in improving decision making and accomplishing the main research aim
(Pearson and et.al., 2019). Further, it will discuss different tools of analysing collecting data and
making decisions accordingly.
Rationale
The main aim of conducting this study and selecting this topic is to prevent people from
serious tuberculosis problem by knowing governmental strategies. Government has developed
number of effective strategies for decreasing tuberculosis problem and cases and most of the
people are not well-aware about these strategies. So for making them aware about effectiveness
of these strategies and protecting them from getting affected with severe disease, this topic has
been selected. Ethnic minorities are at high risk of this severe problem and for improving their
living standard, it is important for them to take advantages of governmental strategies (Alffenaar
and et.al., 2020). By conducting this study, this ethnic minority group can be made aware about
all these policies by which they can prevent themselves against this disease. It will also help
healthcare professionals in delivering qualitative care by analysing, accessing and identifying
elements that influence performance of health. UK people can improve their living standard by
gathering information from this study and it is the reason of selecting this topic.
Aim and objectives
Aim: Aim of conducting this study is “To access the impact of government strategies in tackling
tuberculosis among ethnic minorities in England”
Objectives
 To discuss impacts of strategies, developed by government for tackling tuberculosis
among ethnic minorities in England.
 To list out steps that need to be taken for decreasing tuberculosis cases among ethnic
minorities in England.
 To discuss ways in which ongoing pandemic Covid-19 has influenced governmental
strategies for decreasing Tuberculosis cases.
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Research questions
1. What are the impact of government strategies in tackling tuberculosis among ethnic
minorities in England?
2. What steps should be taken to implement and improvise effective strategies in place to
encounter the problem of TB among ethnic minorities?
3. How has an ongoing pandemic affected the contemporary government’s strategies in the
fight against TB?
CHAPTER 2: METHODOOGY
Introduction
Research methodology plays a vital role as it helps out in understanding ways of data collection
and form in which data has been gathered. By reviewing this chapter, readers can identify the
type of data that has been collected by researcher along with reason.
Study design
In regard to study design and data collection, it can be said that there are 2 main types such
as: primary and secondary. As with name itself, it can be said that primary data collection is the
one in which researcher collects first hand data that has never been used before by others.
Whereas, secondary data refers an existing research or literature (Arndt and et.al., 2020). When
researcher use existing research and published data, statistics related to research topic then it is
known as secondary data.
Selection of data collection and the type of research study relies on the nature and scope of
research topic as for this study, researcher wants to identify governmental policies that can
decrease tuberculosis cases and as per the nature of this topic, researcher has conducted
qualitative research with secondary data collection. Past governmental strategies have been
identified in this study for knowing their effectiveness and areas of improvement. Collecting
primary data is time and cost consuming process and due to lack of time of completing this
project as well as the nature of this project, secondary data has collected. This study has been
conducted on the UK and ethnic minorities who have higher chances of getting affected with TB
(Sarkar, Ghosh and Petter, 2020). It is not possible to communicate and interact face to face with
those people who have taken advantages of governmental TB related policies and for this reason,
secondary data with qualitative study design has selected.
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