Understanding the TCP/IP Five-Layer Network Model

Running Header: FIVE-LAYERED NETWORK
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FIVE-LAYER NETWORK MODEL 2
Several application require to transmit data from point A to Point B in a network. TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol) network gives a system for transmission for this data which
requires rudimentary information from the users to move this data. As a result this paper explores
how this data moves and how each layer on the TCP/IP five-layer network model functions. The
five-layer network model cosists of Application layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data link
layer and Physical layer.
Physical Layer
The physical layer is responsible for interconnection of all computing devices. This layer is
important as it is the hardware part of the five-layer network model.
Physical layer comprises a number of hardware namely:-
i. Cat6\category 6 known as copper cabling. They are twisted pair protecting the network
from crosstalk.
ii. Node (Desktop Computer) which has an inbuilt network card which has a unique
identifier known as Media control access address (MAC Address).
iii. Router – this is a physical device which function on Network Layer.
iv. Domain controller or Localhost server which is a powerful computer using software to
control network and is a faster node.
v. Switch – this is a physical device which operates at the Data Link layer.
The above-named devices are the one needed to set up a simple network although they are many
devices but for this paper these are the only device needed. All of the devices are connected with
Cat6 cabling utilizing the five-layer network model. The network will comprise a router, two
domain servers, A and B and Node A and Node B which are on a different network.

FIVE-LAYER NETWORK MODEL 3
Using a router the network will be split into two:-
Network A: which comprise of
 Server A with an IP address of 192.168.1.0/24
 Node A with an IP address of 192.168.1.1/100 which has an Ephemeral socket of 50000
that is 192.168.1.1/50000
 Router A with an IP address 192.168.1.0 (Gateway IP)
Network B: which comprise of
 Server B with an IP address of 10.1.1.1/24
 Node B with an IP address of 10.1.2.1/100 with a socket of 80 that is 10.2.1.1/100
 Router B with an IP address of 10.0.0.1 (gateway IP)
The figure below illustrates how the network works