TCP/IP Networking

Running head: TCP/IP NETWORKING
Tcp/Ip Networking
Name of the Student
Name of the University
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1TCP/IP NETWORKING
Table of Contents
Answer to Question 1......................................................................................................................2
OSI Reference Model..................................................................................................................2
Software vs Hardware..................................................................................................................3
Network layer of OSI model....................................................................................................3
Answer to Question 2......................................................................................................................4
Answer to Question 3......................................................................................................................9
IP –Address..................................................................................................................................9
Mac-Address................................................................................................................................9
ARP protocol in Data Communication........................................................................................9
Answer to Question 4 –Case Study...............................................................................................10
Network-Design.....................................................................................................................11
IP addresses required.............................................................................................................11
IP for Interconnection between routers..................................................................................12
Sales Department...................................................................................................................13
Marketing Department...............................................................................................................13
Advertisement Department........................................................................................................13
Online Sales...............................................................................................................................14
Product Support.........................................................................................................................14
Technical Support......................................................................................................................14
Upgradation form Ipv4 to IPv6..................................................................................................15
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................17

2TCP/IP NETWORKING
Answer to Question 1
OSI Reference Model
Open System Interconnection (OSI) can be stated like framework of network that is
needed for implementing protocols in seven layers (Zhao et al., 2018). This particular model
comes up 7 layer of architecture where each layer of comes up with specific function to perform.
All of the given seven layers aims to work together for transmitting data from one person to
another.
Fig 1: Seven layer of OSI Model
(Source: Dike, Obiora & Eze, 2016)
Physical Layer: It is known to be lowest layer in OSI reference Model. It is needed for
establishing connection between the physical layer of the devices. The layer stores information in
the form of bits.

3TCP/IP NETWORKING
Data Link layer: This particular layer is responsible for delivery of message from node to
node (Colin, Mathieu & Nakechbandi, 2016). The main function of this layer is to analyse the
fact that transfer of data from one end to another does not have any error.
Network Layer: This particular layer is all about transmission of data from one host to
another that is located in networks. Apart from this, it also analyses packet-routing that is
selection of shortest for transmitting the packets.
Transport Layer: It provides best service to the application layer and aims to take service
from network layer (Santos & Marcillo, 2018). Data in the transport layer is known as Segments.
Session Layer: This layer is completely responsible for establishing connection,
maintaining session along with maintaining security.
Presentation Layer: It is also known as Transition Layer where data is extracted from
application layer and manipulated as per the needed format for transmitting over the network.
Application Layer: It is known to be topmost layer of OSI reference model layer
(Aldosari, 2015). This particular layer is implemented by various network applications.
Software vs Hardware
Application Protocol Layer comes up with HTTP, PoP3 where software application can
interface with the application. At present, there are cordless phone that comes up with capability
to VoIP account (Mundhenk, 2016). In case of mobile phone, the voice is completely by making
use of microphone and hardware which is processed by making use of VoIP protocol. The
hardware can be either ASCI (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field
Programmable Gate Array).