Technology Driven Strategies for IoT

Running head: TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGIES
TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGIES
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Author Note
Word Count - 2500

TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGIES1
Question 1
What is IoT?
The technology that has been taken under consideration for the project is IoT or that is
commonly known as Internet of Things. The coin of the term IoT came into existence in the year
of 1999. Most of the credits behind the coining of the term is given to Kevin Ashton who is the
co-founder of Auto-ID Centre, a product of MIT. IoT or Internet of Things is a technology
having an ecosystem where the physical objects are connected into a network and the desired
functionalities of the devices are executed without any human interference1. The term ‘things’ in
the phrase can be any object starting from any medical devices that monitor a particular health
parameter to the built-in sensors in a vehicle that accordingly with the situation. The devices
have an ability to transfer data over the network that they are connected in, and can perform the
desired functions, without any intervention of human intelligence. This transfer of data, either in
the same network or external environment, makes the device to take the necessary decisions. In
the recent world of technology, IoT is in widespread use and is being implemented in devices all
across the fields. Starting from daily home appliances, the use of this technology can be seen in
many medical devices that are used to measure and monitor different health parameters. Now, it
is not necessary to be present physically to operate the devices and can be operated from remote
locations, provided that the user and the device is connected to a certain network.
Past of IoT
The phrase “Internet of Things” came into existence in 1999 by holding the hands of
Auto-ID Centre by MIT. The first course of the technology used the RFID technology that is the
Radio Frequency Identification2. The use of the RFID procedure was appropriate as at that time,

TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGIES2
that is 1999, the wireless network was in its infant stage and the cellular network had not
switched completely to an IP based configuration. Hence, at that time it was impossible to
configure the devices in an IP based system, and the absence of IPv6 made the possibility extinct
from coming into existence. There would no availability of enough unique IP addresses to
configure all of the devices to join the network. Therefore, at that point, RFID was thought of as
the best possible way and cheaper too3.
Evolution and Present situation of IoT
The evolution of IoT took place in a series of events and at different time intervals. In
1999, with the efforts of Kevin Ashton, IoT started to exist as a novel technology through the
usage of RFID tag4. Due to the absence of proper wireless technology and IPv6 the IP
configuration was not possible to implement. Again in the same year, Bill Joy, coined the
concept of Device to Device communication through his “Six Webs” framework. The next year,
that is in 2000 LG launched the first ever Internet connected refrigerator, LG Internet Digital
DIOS with a LAN port that is used for IP connectivity5. Later, in 2001, the co-director of Auto-
ID Centre of MIT, David Brock introduced a new scheme of for the identification of objects. He
replaced EPC that is Electronic Product Code with the existing UPC that is Universal Product
Code or the traditional bar code. In 2003, Project JXTA-C: Enabling a Web of Things is
published at the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference by Bernard Traversat along with
his team6. In the same year, a special network was launched that facilitates connection of the
millions of tags that are available throughout the world. EPC or the Electronic Product Code was
also introduced in the same exhibition that is the McCormick Place Conference Centre.
Thereafter lots of parallel inventions took place which was followed by the invention of single-
board microcontroller in 20057. The project was submitted by a faculty of the Interaction Design