The Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry

This report discusses the key milestones and elements of the travel & tourism industry and their role in shaping the industry. It explores the factors affecting tourism behavior and the models of motivation influencing consumer decision making. It also identifies recent trends in the international travel and tourism industry.

The Contemporary
Travel and Tourism
Industry
1

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Different key milestones for development of the travel & tourism industry and their role in
shaping of travel and tourism industry...................................................................................3
P2: Different elements of tourism and travel industry and its interrelation for creation of a
tourism experience..................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Determine the diverse factors that affect tourism behaviour............................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Explain model of motivation & how they influence the consumer decision making process
................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry...................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations..............14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
Reference.......................................................................................................................................18
2

Introduction
Travel and tourism can be defined as part recreational activity that is part of people's lives
and is also helpful in development of the economy of a country. In the modern scenario tourism
is the major reasons of development taking place in the global environment (Camilleri, 2018).
Present report is based on a presentation related with the destination representation and the
various historical developments in the travel and tourism industry. Cosmos is UK independent
operator that is providing different packages holidays to citizens of UK. They are having
connection with international travelling group and it was founded in 1928 that is having
headquarters in Switzerland. There is also a discussion about the various elements that have
combined to provide a better tourism experience. Further, there is discussion of various factors
that is affecting the overall tourism behaviour and models of motivation which influence the
consumer decision making process. Lastly, there is identification of the recent and emerging
trends in the international tourism industry and various factors that are affecting the popularity of
a particular Global destination.
TASK 1
P1 Different key milestones for development of the travel & tourism industry and their role in
shaping of travel and tourism industry
Key elements of the tourism and travel Industry that is helping in increasing the attractiveness of
tourist destination:
Legislation:
The Government of UK has recognised the importance of tourism and has introduced some new
policies and laws over some years (Giap, Gopalan and Ye, 2016). There has been development
of tourism Act 1969, is having a aim to co-ordinate all the organisations at a part of tourism
sector. This act has provided the establishment of British tourist authority and a tourist board for
Scotland England and ways with a responsibility to promote the tourism of development and in
the Great Britain. It is also providing certain financial assistance from the available public fund
for provision of new hotels and various other establishments for sleeping accommodation that is
provided by way of some business or trade. There is also development of air passenger duty
1996, in this there is a tax imposed by the government on all passengers that a flying outside UK
3

and in 1996 this duty was reduced on different economic life and it acted as removal of a barrier
for the growth of environment tourism.
Product development:
There have been many developments as use of holiday camps increase by use of package
holidays 1949. In which there were package holidays that were inclusive of all the food and
transportation facilities for tourist (Rosselló, Becken and Santana-Gallego, 2020). There also has
been technological development 1990 in which Technologies can be used in the travel and
tourism industry internet has revolutionized the way people are buying travel products. Call
Centres have been developed that is used extensively by much holiday company. There is digital
and cable TV that is selling travel products.
Transport development:
There has been transportation development for the travel and tourism because there is
Introduction of air travelling since the year 1950. There is also a real facility, further people are
also having preferences for buses and cars also lead to more convenient to travel across different
parts of the world.
Lifestyle changes:
There have been changes in the Lifestyle that is lead to increasing the disposable income
of people. There is trend in that they can spend on early holidays and the travel and tourism
industry because if there is high percentage of people who are having low income then they are
not going to spend it on reservation activities (Houdement, Santos, and Serra, 2017). People are
now having wide range of time saving household income and they are leisure time to enjoy with
their friends family on short and long holidays.
P2: Different elements of tourism and travel industry and its interrelation for creation of a
tourism experience
There are three basic components of a tourism and are also recognised as some important factors
of tourism as mentioned below:
1) Accessibility:
4

Accessibility refers to reach ability to a particular destination by use of different modes of
transportation. Transportation has to be regular economical safe and comfortable. In the present
scenario there are major various means of transport such as Railways Airlines road transport and
water transportation (Papatheodorou, and Pappas, 2017). The transportation for tourist has to be
there for various destinations that can help them in teaching to a particular destination in the
minimum period of time and also according to the affordability criteria of each segment.
2) Accommodation:
Refers to a place where tourist can find different Shelters and food facilities according to
the position they are willing to pay. Accommodation can vary from a normal hotel to a 7 star
hotel and those different types of luxury that are being offered by a particular brand. Large
number of options that has to be present in a particular destination to maintain is
its attractiveness.
3) Attraction:
It can be considered as one of the most important components of tourism that is attraction
means anything that can lead to desire of a particular person to travel in that particular as a
destination. Local is another basic component that can be consists of different holiday destination
and it really to offering natural attractions (Almeida, Teixeira, . and Franco, 2019).
There is high amount of interrelationship between above mentioned three factors such as a
particular destination is easily accessible but is not having any accommodation for attractive
facilities and it might not lead to be preferable decisions for most of the tourist. On the other
hand of a particular decision is having all the accommodation facility is and very quality
facilities but is not having easy accessibility then again it is going to lead towards a negative
impact on the popularity of a destination. So it becomes very important for a particular
destination to take care of all the above three factors to be at highest peak in order to maintain
the attractiveness of such destination for all tourist.
5

TASK 2
P3 Determine the diverse factors that affect tourism behaviour
There are some factors that are related with the behaviour of tourism answers factors are
mentioned below:
1) Pleasing weather:
Tourist all over the world is willing to have preferences for a Suitable weather with warm
Sunshine is very important attraction for a tourism destination. A pleasant weather plays a very
crucial role in making overall holiday very attractive and a pleasant experience (Haraldssonand
Ólafsdóttir, 2018). Tourist from various countries of extreme weather is willing to visit places
that are having fine weather. There are many resorts in coast of sea like Sri Lanka Island
Australia Philippines and many other countries that have Beautiful Sea beaches and are examples
of attractive tourism destination.
2) Scenic attractions:
Scenic attractions is one of the most crucial factors in a tourism sector scenes consist of
lakes water for forest desert Mountain that are strong forces for attracting people to visit a
particular destination. Suggest thousands of people are attracted towards Northern slopes of Alps
in Switzerland and in Austria further the southern slopes of Italy Mountains of Nepal are big
attraction for tourist
3) Tourists education:
The amount of educated a particular tourist they are willing to explore more places as they have
more curiosity and knowledge of the different places (McKercher, 2018). Such as many tourists
posses fine knowledge about a particular they are having more preferences for these destinations.
4) Social factors:
There are many different types of social factors also that impact the behaviour of a individual for
visiting a particular country. Social networking can also lead to person making a decision to visit
6

a particular place and then have a different opinion related to the culture. If a person is having
different cultural values and social aspects and they are willing to explore more places but they
are limited to some particular cultural values that they are willing to explore similar places that
possess similarity and same type of culture. So many social and cultural factors are also a great
factor while individual is making decisions regarding a particular tourism destination (Kumar
and Hussian, 2016).
The above factors it can be said that there are two basic behaviour of individual intrinsic and
extrinsic Behaviour:
1) Intrinsic behaviour:
This behaviour provides higher level of satisfaction & enjoyment to a particular tourist,
they are enjoying every activity and it is motivating factor to make more such travelling tours in
a year.
2) Extrinsic behaviour:
It the type of behaviour in which individuals has low enjoyment and the tour is not
according to the satisfaction that they have expected. They are having high amount of tension
and not able to enjoy the vacation. They usually not willing to visit the same place again and this
might impact the overall future visit to different or same tourist destinations.
TASK 3
P4 Explain model of motivation & how they influence the consumer decision making process
There are different motivation theories that can impact the overall process of consumer decision
making in present scenario there is discussion of ERG motivation Theory.
7

Existence needs: It consists of different psychological and material desire for water food
clothing physical needs and safety needs. This is a motivation that is related with fulfilment of
basic needs of a particular tourist to have their basic requirements to get fulfilled in a appropriate
manner.
Relatedness needs: It is a need that is related with individual relationship with their superior
known ones family and friends. Cosmos as a tourism brand is trying to reach to public able to
recognise these relatedness needs of their target market. According to their group of known ones,
family & friends a particular destination is selected by a tourist.
Growth needs: In this there is need a consumer has a feeling of self development advancement
and personal growth. In this need tourist are more creative and they are failing to improve their
decision by making best use of the available external environment. in this need apart from the
basic amenities now tourist are willing to have something more that can lead to their
development and a more better experience. It is a very important factor as tourist are willing to
explore a place that can help them in for the development and also resulting into are totally
different experience from their past destination trips. A very important factor that can be
recognised by various tourism destinations is to identify the target market and then according to
that they must attract such tourist.
8

TASK 3
P5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry
With the changing times there have many key tourism destinations in UK. Such as there
have been many places in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland. UK has a appeal with its
diverse scenery and rich culture heritage.
In present report there is discussion of London that is most attractive tourist cities of UK
because of many reasons such as Tower of Bridge, River Thames, Crown Jewels, Buckingham
palace, changing of the guard, parliament buildings, big Ben, Natural history museum, Trafalgar
square are some of the most attracted tourist destinations of London.
There are some key focuses that can be made on enhancing the travel and tourism
scenario of London by consideration some merging trends as mentioned below:
Six prevailing and upcoming tourism trends:
1) Growing appetite:
Nobel wanderlust is rise since the year 2018 as there is growth of 6% in the world region.
There is opportunity for many accommodation providers and tourism business that they can
increase the quality and the prices of their accommodation services that is leading to more
preferences for short breaks and long run holidays. In London there can be focus made by
hospitality sector, by increasing the quality of the services to attract more and more tourist.
9

(Source: 6 Tourism Industry Trends, 2019)
2) Convenience booking:
Convenience is very important for the today's customer and Technology is a great
facilitator in this segment. In the year 2018 consumer travel in size had a survey where 69% of
respondent cited that convenience is one of the most important aspect when their booking a
holiday. Technology has resulted into creation of seamless bookings of customer experience and
is a very important research tool that can help in resulting a culture of convenience booking.
3) Experiential Tourism:
The economy is growing and Consumers are more willing to receive some generic
messenger and services from different brands. They are willing to have a experience that is more
authentic and enriching (Kim, Prideaux and Timothy, 2016). CEO in the tourism sector of
London there can be more focused on translating on experience for new culture and places so
that Travellers can cite this as the most influential factor while they are making a decision
towards a particular holiday decision.
10

(Source: 6 Tourism Industry Trends, 2019)
4) Affordable luxury:
Technology has resulted in making bookings less stressful and has disrupted the
traditional Marketplace. There is growing pool of accommodation and various agents enhance
the empowerment of consumers to trade up at affordable prices. There is more democratic nation
of luxury and it has lead consumers to make decisions for going towards luxury options and
paying extra money (Olafsdottir, 2018). So, this also results into more opportunity for the
tourism destinations of London to enhance the luxury experience of their customers for which
they are ready to pay certain higher amount and it is going to lead to higher profitability for
tourism destination areas. There as recent developments can be for enriching the boating
experience in river Thames that will result into higher revenue.
5) Personalisation:
Travellers feel more contented when they are planning and making all the booking by
themselves. They are willing to have an experience for destination that is very flexible and
according to their desired.43% of respondents believe that they are having a preference for
personalized holiday advertisement and notification that can make their travel planning easier.
11

There can be more customise form of travel and tourism packages that can be made in order to
attract people to London.
(Source: 6 Tourism Industry Trends, 2019)
6) Responsible tourism:
There has been growing consensus of travellers as they are presenting new opportunities
for operators who are having more interest and awareness in economic social and environmental
impact of travel.
12

(Source: 6 Tourism Industry Trends, 2019)
Future trends in tour and tourist industry:
1) Robotic Technology:
There is Technologies that can lead to complete transformation in the tourism and travelling
sector. Robotics Technology will help in utilisation of pre-screening and generation of waiting
time to be more productive for tourist (Morrison, 2018). It is related with uses of updated
Technologies by large organisations for the purpose of attracting more tourists.
2) Virtual reality:
In the present scenario there can be use of virtual reality success now it is social media
applications Facebook, Instagram are very helpful in understanding what requirements of tourist
are and according to that there is use of personalised pages and posts for the purpose of attracting
more tourist to a particular Destination.
TASK 4
P6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
Factors impacting the range of tourism destinations:
13

There are certain factors that influence in the tourism industry some are impacting and
immediate manner and some factors are those that affect in long run:
1) Environment:
Tourism is in the best when the destination is offering a suitable climate. When there are
undesirable changes taking place in the environment like flash floods high winds drought or
situations of extreme climate that may impact the number of tourist visiting the place in adverse
manner. For example: India is a south Asia and people are not willing to visit here at the time of
harsh summers.
2) Countries economy:
While a country is going some economic turbulence or are facing situations of
unemployment tourism also effects in adverse manner (Femenia-Serra, Neuhofer and Ivars-
Baidal, 2019). On the other hand if country economy is at high peak and people are willing to
spend their money on regulation activities there is progress of tourism.
3) Religious importance of tourism:
There are some Places are known for the purpose of tourism because of the religious
importance. Many tourists are willing to visit some pilgrimage places to find inner peace and get
blessings of the deities they are worshiping. For example Mecca is one such tourism destination
that is known for its religious importance.
4) Technology:
With the growing use of internet there is penetration of almost every corner in the world.
Tourists are enjoying overall benefits of such internet (Guiney, 2018). They use various sources
for the purpose of planning a tour and get overall idea about different places that they are willing
to visit. The quality of different services and amenities are special attractions for a particular
destination. Further, the review provided by experience tourist on such internet sites is also
working as a guideline for prospective tourist. Hence, various social media platforms can play a
very crucial role in boosting up the top tourist visiting a particular destination.
5) Historical importance:
Many tourism destinations are famous because of their history or cultural importance that
they are holding. If a destination is having high cultural significance for historical significance
14

and tourist will be attracted and wedding to visit such places for seeing the monuments
architecture, weapons, allied heritage, clothes etc. for example the world famous places of
cultural importance are pyramids of Gaza in Egypt, acropolis in Athens Greece, Began City in
Burma.
15

CONCLUSION
From the above discuss report it can be said that various key milestones are there in the
travel and tourism Industry that is helping in shaping the overall aspects of this industry. There
are various elements that lead to creation of a better tourism experience for people across
different parts of the world. Along with their diverse factors that affect the behaviour of tourism
that includes increasing weather tourist education social factors. Apart from this there are two
types of basic behaviour of every tourist intrinsic behaviour and extensive behaviour. There are
motivation theories like ERG theory that determine the consumer decision making process by
selection of a particular destination. There is identification of recent patterns and trends in the
international travelling and tourism industry. That is detailed overview of various factors that
affect the popularity of a particular Global tourism destination.
16

Reference
Books & Journal
Almeida, A., Teixeira, S.J. and Franco, M., 2019. Uncovering the factors impacting
visitor’s satisfaction: evidence from a portfolio of events. International Journal of Event and
Festival Management.
Camilleri, M.A., 2018. The tourism industry: An overview. In Travel marketing, tourism
economics and the airline product (pp. 3-27). Springer, Cham.
Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B. and Ivars-Baidal, J.A., 2019. Towards a
conceptualisation of smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. The
Service Industries Journal, 39(2), pp.109-133.
Giap, T.K., Gopalan, S. and Ye, Y., 2016. Drivers of growth in the travel and tourism
industry in Malaysia: A Geweke causality analysis. Economies, 4(1), p.3.
Guiney, T., 2018. “Hug‐an‐orphan vacations”:“Love” and emotion in orphanage
tourism. The Geographical Journal, 184(2), pp.125-137.
Haraldsson, H.V. and Ólafsdóttir, R., 2018. Evolution of tourism in natural destinations
and dynamic sustainable thresholds over time. Sustainability, 10(12), p.4788.
Houdement, J., Santos, J.A.C. and Serra, F., 2017. Factors affecting the decision-making
process when choosing an event destination: A comparative approach between Vilamoura
(Portugal) and Marbella (Spain). Journal of Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, 5(2), pp.127-
145.
Kim, S.S., Prideaux, B. and Timothy, D., 2016. Factors affecting bilateral Chinese and Japanese
travel. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, pp.80-95.
Kumar, J. and Hussian, K., 2016. Factors affecting medical tourism destination selection:
A Malaysian perspective. Journal of Global Business Insights, 1(1), pp.1-10.
McKercher, B., 2018. The impact of distance on tourism: a tourism geography
law. Tourism geographies, 20(5), pp.905-909.
Morrison, A.M., 2018. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
Olafsdottir, R., 2018. Evolution of Tourism in Natural Destinations and Dynamic
Sustainable Thresholds over Time.
Papatheodorou, A. and Pappas, N., 2017. Economic recession, job vulnerability, and
tourism decision making: A qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 56(5),
pp.663-677.
Rosselló, J., Becken, S. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2020. The effects of natural disasters
on international tourism: A global analysis. Tourism management, 79, p.104080.
Online
6 Tourism Industry Trends, 2019[online] Available through: <https://str.com/data-insights-
blog/6-tourism-industry-trends>
17