Leadership and Organizational Culture Analysis

This assignment analyzes different leadership styles, such as democratic leadership, and their impact on organizational culture. It also examines the role of talent management in shaping company culture and discusses the importance of employee empowerment in hotel companies like Marriott International and Hilton. The assignment provides a comprehensive overview of leadership, organizational culture, and change management, highlighting key concepts and theories from various sources.

THE DEVELOPING MANAGER

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................1
TASK – 1.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Comparison of various management styles of Marriot and Hilton Hotel...............................1
1.2 Leadership Features in both the organizations......................................................................2
1.3 Analysis of the communication processes in both the businesses.........................................3
1.4 Organisational culture and change in Marriot Hotel and Hilton Hotel.........................................4
TASK – 2.................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Assessment of own management skills performance..................................................................5
2.2 Analysis of personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats......................................6
2.3 Setting as well as arranging objectives and targets......................................................................7
TASK – 3.................................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Leading and motivation in a team for achieving goal or objective...............................................9
3.2 Justification of managerial decisions to achieve agreed goal recommendations for
development....................................................................................................................................10
TASK – 4...............................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Explanation of how own managerial and personal skills leads to development in career.........11
4.2 Reviewing career, performance, future and personal development needs for producing
development plan............................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
In the current business scenario, development of managers and employees is quite
necessary. Competition is rising at a tremendous rate and to cope up with these situations,
personal as well as professional development of the managers of the firms is very significant.
Through this, they will be able to explore more opportunities in the market. Numerous skills
are being required to become effective and successful manager in the company wherein team
building and leadership skills holds key position. Further, for betterment and smooth flow of
the activities within an organization, the managers need to make improvements in their own
set of skills (Marcoulides and Heck, 2003). It is the managers who encourages the team
members to grow in their career life. Moreover, organizational culture as well as structure
also helps in motivating the workers and in alignment of objectives of workers to that of
organization. Considering this, the present research report also aims to understand the
behaviour management principles along with reviewing own management principles and
career development path.
In this, different management and leadership styles, organizational culture and
communication process being adopted by travel, tourism or hospitality organizations will be
evaluated significantly. For this purpose, Hilton Hotel and Marriot hotel is being taken under
consideration for the current project. Both the firms are related to hospitality and travel &
tourism industry and holding a leading position in their respective industry. An emphasis will
be made on how teams are motivated to achieve the goals of the firm and how managerial
decisions supports the same. The later part of the writing will show how personal and
managerial skills supports career development and will review development needs for
producing a career development plan.
TASK – 1
As a Junior Consultant with PKF Hotel experts, the main task here is to evaluate the
two organizations within the hospitality and travel and tourism sector i.e. Hilton Hotel and
Marriot hotel in terms of their management and leadership styles and other practices of
management.
1.1 Comparison of various management styles of Marriot and Hilton Hotel
Focusing in relation with Marriot hotel, it is one of the leading firm in United
Kingdom. It has its operations in more than 127 destinations. Because of the economic down
turn in the year 2005, the firm had come across with numerous problems (About Marriott
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International - Find Your World, 2018).The hotel had a huge financial loss but because of the
effective management of leaders and managers, the firm was soon out from this critical
condition. The management style of the managers was viciously honest. He adopted coercive
style of management and this style was hardly required. It is also being referred as a directive
style where each and every employee was used to work under the control of leaders and
managers. The workers are required to follow the rules and commands of the superiors and
need to accomplish the tasks by any means (Benfari, 2013).
As compared with Marriot hotel, Hilton Hotel is based out of America and has a vast
presence in the hospitality sector. They have around 4112 hotels in almost 91 nations of the
world. The managers of the hotel takes into consideration active style of management
wherein the main emphasis is being given on motivation as well as innovation of the
employees. The leaders makes his all his effort in satisfying the employees by making them
feel comfortable and happy under his leadership. Further, the leaders leads the team from the
front and guides them different ways of performing a task. The main factor of motivation in
Hilton hotel is achievement, advancement, responsibility and working (Hilton, 2018).
When both the management styles of the organization is being compared, it can be
concluded that active management style is quite different from coercive style. A clear
difference in the management styles of both the hotels is being witnessed from the above
comparison. Hilton hotel follows active style than employee are more satisfied. In opposition
to this, Marriott hotel considers coercive style wherein employees faces lot of stress and
pressure. The staff members are required to complete tasks at any costs and cannot take their
own decision. Strikingly opposed to this, in active style the employees have an opportunity to
take their own decision and innovative steps for better achievement of the tasks. There are
many kind of styles such as directive, active, coercive, autocratic styles but Hilton hotel has
adopted active style and Marriot hotel has adopted coercive style of management.
1.2 Leadership Features in both the organizations
There are different styles of leadership that can be adopted by organizations for the purpose
of managing and leading their workforce. These styles are being explained underneath:
 Democratic style – In this type of leadership, the leaders leads the team from the
front. He is required to give order and direction to their workers through guiding them
path and ways of performing the tasks. In addition to this, the leaders also motivates
the workers to employ their best efforts and how to get rid of the complex situation.
Thus, it can be said that he manages and supervises the team members effectively.
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Furthermore, he finds out the weaknesses in each and every employee and show them
various ways to overcome those problems.
 Autocratic leadership style – In this type of leadership, the leaders takes the decision
and orders their sub-ordinates to follow the rules being set by him. In Marriot hotel,
the leaders are very strict and have the power to throw any workers out from the job if
anyone is at fault. The workers are required to be punctual and they need to work for
more than nine hours in a day which is quite higher.
 Free-rein leadership – In such type of leadership style, the leaders are not involved in
the decision making process and all responsibilities are lied on the shoulders of the
team members.
Talking in reference with the hotel industry, the managers and leaders have higher
accountabilities. The leadership style being followed by Hilton Hotel is democratic style
where the leader is very amicable and cordial to his workers. Along with this, the working
environment is also very healthy and suave (Democratic Leadership, 2018). Since, the
management style of the hotel is active and active leaders strongly believes in motivating as
well as encouraging workers by offering rewards and awards. The leaders are required to
have good communication skills and must be calm and polite (Binder, 2016). On the other
side, the leaders and managers of Marriot hotel adopts autocratic leadership style. In such
style of leadership, the leader is required to possess good communication skills, inter-
personal skills, agility, ruler and confident.
1.3 Analysis of the communication processes in both the businesses
Both the firms i.e. Marriot and Hilton Hotel are multi-national firms which are
operating all across the world. Employees as well as customers are also very large and thus,
communication and its process plays a vital role in accruing out the activities effectively. The
crucial information and data can only be shared by having suitable communication channels
(Castells, 2013). According to Miller, there are various kinds of process of communication
being adopted by different organisations such as downward, upward and horizontal
communication. All these three types of processes is being applied in Marriot and Hilton
Hotel and explanation of these is being done below: Downward communication – This type of communication process is being adopted
for the purpose of sharing information from top level to lower level. Hilton hotel as
well as Marriot makes use of Emails, skip level meetings, noticeboard as well as
conferences in order to share data and information. The senior managers of the firms
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send emails and the junior level employees are required to respond as early as
possible. They can even call their sub-ordinates anytime they wish to do so. Upward communication – This type of communication processes is adopted when the
lower level of workers want to share data and give update about anything to their top
officials. Emails are being regarded as the basic communication way being adopted
by both Marriot and Hilton Hotel. Further, the lower level employees also send daily
work sheet report to their superiors. Status meetings are also used sometimes
(Desanctis and Monge, 2008). Horizontal Communication – This is being defined as that communication that takes
place at the same level between the employees. This takes place in both the firm
through meetings, emails, chatting, group talks and many more. These tools are being
used for transferring and sharing information. Each and every employees within the
firm work in a team and help each other when the situation demands.
The above mentioned communication process is being adopted by Marriot and Hilton
Hotel, as both are related to the service sector and have many things in common (Miller,
2014). However, there are some communication barriers which might hinder effective flow of
information such as social and cultural differences, diverse opinions, overcrowding of data
and facts, confusion, vagueness in data, different attitude, dissimilarities in language etc.
1.4 Organisational culture and change in Marriot Hotel and Hilton Hotel
The behaviour of the organization and motivation among the employees is largely
dependent on the culture and structure of the firm. The culture of the firm is being referred as
the rules, vision, regulations, beliefs, habits and values being followed by the people within
the company. In this section, the culture of both the firms i.e. Marriot hotel and Hilton Hotel
will be discussed briefly (Skift, 2014). Throwing light in relation with the organizational
structure of Marriot Hotel, it is flat wherein the workers are working at the same level.
Because of such structure clan organizational culture is prevalent in the company. In this the
culture is very friendly and healthy and employees are not hesitant to speak with their
colleagues about any issue. In addition to his, the workers are also empowered to take
decisions without any fear. Employees in the firm can also take their decisions regarding
services being offered to the passengers. The environment is quite flexible which changes as
per the demand of the situation. Furthermore, satisfaction of the customers is of supreme
importance in comparison with the policies and rules being established (Putta, 2014).
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On contrary to this, the culture within Hilton Hotel is a mixture of market oriented
and Adhocracy culture. Such type of culture have faith on innovation and entrepreneurial
capabilities of the workers. Each and every workers within the hotel is being motivated to
handle higher responsibilities as well as risks so that their potential can be increased. Other
than this, such culture also pays attention towards effective results. The Chief Executive
Officer of Hilton Hotel is of the view that there is a need of having suitable culture for growth
and sustainability of the business. The CEO believes that culture within the organization
supports in attracting new talent from all throughout the world (Burke and Barron, 2014).
Both Marriot and Hilton Hotel is related to the service sector and numerous
modifications takes place in the business considering the significance of satisfaction of the
customers. There are numerous factors that leads to change within the culture of both the
organizations such as technology evolution, diffusion of culture, environmental factors and
physical factors. Further, quality of both products as well as services should be good because
of the severe competition prevailing in the market. Even the workers are getting various
opportunities outside the boundaries of the firm and thus, satisfaction of workers is also very
crucial. Taking into consideration all these alterations in the business, Marriot and Hilton
Hotel is required to change their culture and must adopt that culture which suites and reaps
out higher level of satisfaction both for the customer and employees. Accordingly, the CEO
of Hilton Hotel brought a change in the organization through changing the projects and
requested for better results from each and every team (Moskovich and Palgi, 2015). In
addition to this, he also desire to make improvement in the revenue and profit of the firm.
Because of this organizational change has resulted in the birth of market oriented culture in
the firm. Marriot is coming across with the problem of high rate of attrition. The management
of the firm decided to bring change in the company for employee satisfaction and due to this
flat and clan culture was developed within the firm.
TASK – 2
As an Assistant Manager of Clayton Crown Hotel London a brand of Dalata Hotel
Group, the main task here is to review own potential, carry out SWOT analysis and set
objectives for the development of own potential.
2.1 Assessment of own management skills performance
As per the word of Katz, like blood is essential in the human body, technical and
managerial skills is essential for efficient manager. In the absence of both these skills, the
managers will not be in a position to perform their work duties effectively and will not
5

achieve the pre-determine objectives of the firm as well (Daft and Marcic, 2013). Therefore,
it can be said that for the purpose of becoming a successful manager, certain skills is needed
for effective operations and some of which is being possessed by me and explanation is as
follows: Proper Planning – For each and every business, planning is the life blood. In the
absence of planning, business will not be in a position to cope up the uncertainties in
the market. Efficient planning leads to work efficiency within the firm. With proper
planning, I can distribute responsibilities and task to the teams appropriately. With my
meticulous planning ability, I can help the firm in achieving their targets and goals. Time management and organization – Time management and proper organization is
one of the most important skills being possessed by me. I always make sure at my
workplace that all the essential things which needs to be undertaken are being listed
daily in the morning (Carzo and Yanouzas, 2009). This is essential because short term
priorities always keeps in changing insistently and it can influence the flexibility of
the daily operations. Decision making and problem solving skills – I am also quite good at making
decisions and solving problems. Both these skills is required for determining best
solution to the problem. Making strategic decision is my forte and this is highly
demanded in this current work environment (Rachel, Pavithra and Imran, 2016).
 Delegation – Making estimations and appraising the potential of the employees is
very important for assignment of roles and work activities. Tasks should match up
with their capabilities than only it will be carried out effectively. I can delegate the
responsibilities effortlessly through good skills of estimating the potentiality of the
human asset within the hotel. I can perform this by seeking help from job analysis.
2.2 Analysis of personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
Strength
 I am quite compulsive in nature
 Good communication and problem
solving skills
 I can delegate the responsibilities and
task efficiently
 I am quite at influencing the behaviour
of others through good command over
written and spoken vocabulary
 Active listener
 Good at critical thinking
Weakness
 Impatient sometimes
 Poor stress management skills
 At the time of executing priority based
tasks I come across with problems
related to management of time (Forray,
Leigh and Goodnight, 2016)
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 Opportunities
 Learning the skills related to time
management
 Learning how to carry out priority based
tasks
 Management of stress
 To work in a hotel that can provide a
platform where I can showcase my
strength
 Hosting events and programs for
showing planning and other aptitudes
(Blake, Mouton and Bidwell, 2002)
Threats
 Time pressure can become a major
obstacle for self-development
 Competition from the other managers
 Economic growth, recession and
environmental factors can also pose
threat to my development and career
growth.
2.3 Setting as well as arranging objectives and targets
Seeking help from the SWOT analysis, it becomes easy for me to identify my weak
points and areas that needs improvement significantly otherwise it can influence my near
future career growth. For improving the same, it is necessary to list down all the objectives on
the basis of their priority. Based on that further activities will be undertaken so that all
weaknesses can be minimized. Setting objectives is very crucial for accomplishing growth as
well as respect in the industry. It is essential to map all the opportunities and further it should
be aligned with the strengths so that it become easy to deal with the external threats (Holten,
Bollingtoft and Wilms, 2015). Thus, for developing myself as a manager or leader I will
create a plan for around 5 years so that I can develop both professionally and personally and
overcome my weak points.
Every human being is not born great, there are some flaws that can be corrected by
identifying them effectively and working upon efficiently. This can be majorly performed by
setting as well as prioritizing targets. In addition to this, for the purpose of avoiding issues
related to its execution, it is important to set targets for the areas that can be achieved and
easily measured. This can be performed by SMART target setting. It includes five main
elements i.e. specific, measurable, and achievable and time bound. With the help of this
method, the performance can be measured easily and analysis of the outcomes is possible as
well. As an Assistant Manager of Clayton Crown Hotel, following targets needs to be set and
prioritized:
Things to be achieved Resources needed to
achieve and actions to
be undertaken
Success criteria Target dates for
review and
completion
Resources – Computer, Able to prioritize 6 months
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Time management
skills need to be
achieved as it is
essential to showcase
the work efficiency
Dairy, Pen. Pencil,
Organizer
Actions – It can be
improved by listing
down activities to be
achieved and planning
work accordingly
(Evans, Stonehouse and
Campbell, 2012).
my work, Proper
daily schedule,
Completion of
project on time
Presentation skills is
vital for
communicating our
personality. Thus for
moving ahead in the
career life and to
achieve success in
future, this skill should
be developed
efficiently.
Resources – Computer,
books, journals, peer
group, seminar halls,
technology support
Actions – Taking active
participation in role
plays, seminars related
to HR field and giving
presentations
Clear
understanding of
the topic,
participation of
listeners,
modulations,
props etc.
1 year
Decision making skills
Helps in taking crucial
decisions of the firm
Resources – working
within the firm
Actions – The decision
making skills can be
improved through
practical experience as
well as gaining
understanding of
various conditions
within the firm.
Be able to
generate good
alternative, able
to analyse the
plan, selecting the
best solution
1-2 years
Resources – yoga tutor,
clubs, peer group
Better able to
manage stress,
2 years
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Management of stress
will help me in staying
calm and cool in some
critical and complex
situations. Seeking
help from this, I will
be able be able to
develop both
personally and
professionally and my
confidence level will
be increased too.
Actions – This can be
developed by focusing
on meditation as well as
practicing yoga. I can
also join some club
wherein people are
motivated to speak and
express their views
without any hesitation
(Crawford and
Hoffman, 2011).
views everything
in a positive way
and intention of
learning
Knowledge base
Resources – Books,
Journals, articles,
lectures
Actions – Reading
books, journals, articles
and professional
writer’s notes related to
management, leadership
and human resources
(Forbes, 2004).
Clear purpose and
language,
technical and
organizational
knowledge
3-4 years
TASK – 3
The current task is being related to Frankie & Benny's restaurant which is a leading
Restaurant Group. The Frankie & Benny's has decided to open a new restaurant and as a
leader asked me to lead the company and plan for all the related activities and operations.
3.1 Leading and motivation in a team for achieving goal or objective
It is very vital to lead as well as motivate team for the purpose of achieving objectives
that yields out benefit to both the firm and the employees. Alterations happens in almost
every function of the business when new venture is introduced. In such a situation, a leader or
9

a manager is required to showcase good management as well as leadership skills that support
in directing the employees so that goals are met successfully. Leading and motivating team
can be carried out in several ways (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee, 2013). The very first
thing is to write goals for the team, as seeking help from it the employees can get involved
more by visualizing the objectives that needs to be attained. Further, this will also aid in
narrowing each and every goal so as to accomplish a particular target of the restaurant in
relation with customer satisfaction and product innovation. Afterwards, it is essential to
define effectively the time frame that needs to be follow for reaching the desired objectives.
A leader is also required to conduct meeting with the workers so as to support them by
solving their problems and issues. Through this, they will feel motivated and valued in the
firm. In addition to this, the team within the organization can also be motivated towards
excellent customer service by implementing perfect appraisal as well as recognition system.
Other than this, it is also vital for the leader to offer excellent training and development
events for the team with a view to make them more skill full and accustomed with the current
trends in the market. Seeking help from the training sessions, the employees will be aware
about the general perceptions of the customers in the market about the products and services
being received to them by the restaurant (Chemers, 2014).
Employee satisfaction is significant for the growth of the restaurant, as it leads to
healthier environment in the firm. For this purpose, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
should be adopted by the manager or leader of Frankie & Benny's restaurant. The theory
includes five important stages of need hierarchy. The very first need is related to
psychological need such as food, place, lunch break and proper amount of salaries. The next
level is related with the safety of the workers. Further, the next stage is concerned with
societal needs that includes good status within the firm and society such as home, laptop,
phone, luxury car and many more. With the salary being offered to the employees will help in
satisfying their social needs. Thus, it is essential to offer them hikes in the salary from time to
time based on their level of performance and job. Other than this, recognition as well as
appreciation is also necessary for the employees. Through this, they feel proud and a sense of
belongingness arise in them (McGuire, 2011). The last stage is related to self-actualization
which takes place when all other needs are being contended and now the workers are self-
motivated to perform better. Thus, it can be said that Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory is
being regarded as an important tool that can be adopted by the leader or managers to reap out
better results in the restaurants.
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3.2 Justification of managerial decisions to achieve agreed goal recommendations for
development
A decision cannot be taken without any justification, there is a requirement of proper
planning and research. There are numerous objectives that needs to be fulfilled by the hotel
such as employee satisfaction, contentment of customers, higher productivity and reducing
employee turnover. For fulfilling these objectives, numerous decisions needs to be
undertaken and analysis of the impact of these decision on the stakeholders should also need
to be done.
In this regard, it is important for the managers to follow Maslow’s needs hierarchy
theory for motivation and satisfaction of the workers. For each and every individual, growth
is very vital and if they are aware that there hard work will going to give hike in their salaries
and incentives than they will definitely perform better (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014).
Promotions should be given to suitable workers quarterly as it will help in reducing the rate
of attrition in the restaurant. As an alternative to Maslow’s need hierarchy theory there are
other methods as well through which satisfaction of the workers can be increased. To become
a better tea player training is being regarded as very important tool. Because of this there will
be smooth flow of operation and the team will be conflict free.
Other than this, mentoring and coaching of the staff members is other significant
method for satisfaction of the workforce. Each and every member in the firm should get an
opportunity for the development of their skills as well as competencies. Because of this there
value will be increased in the market. Further, the workers should also be motivated to make
improvement in their inter-personal as well as communication skills. The manager of the
Restaurant should develop such policies and rules that takes care of the issues of workers. In
addition to this, strict actions should be taken in regards with any type of harassment and
discrimination (Grundy and Moxon, 2013). Moreover, Rewards and awards should be offered
to the workers for their performance. It is also vital to offer opportunity to lower performers
as well so that they can improve their skills and abilities as well. For instance, there are some
workers that feel contentment with transfer and some may feel the same with salary hike and
promotion. This will help in reducing the employee turnover rate and will also save lot of
money and time of the firm. Since Frankie & Benny's restaurant is related to service industry,
the communication as well as inter-personal skills of the workers should be improved, as they
need to interact with the customers on daily basis. Thus, it is vital for the firm to identify their
developmental needs and male arrangement for their training so that their skills ad
competencies can be increased (Kurttila and et.al, 2000).
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TASK – 4
4.1 Explanation of how own managerial and personal skills leads to development in career
To understand the management and leadership styles, Blake Mouton Managerial grid
needs to be applied so that ways of reaching the target position can be identified.
Figure 1: Blake Mouton Managerial grid
(The Blake Mouton Managerial Grid. 2018).
This model is being based on the two behavioural dimensions i.e. concern for people
(need, interests of people) and concern for tasks (high productivity, organizational
efficiency). With this model, individual can learn about their style of leadership and
management and its influence on productivity and motivation of team. When concern for
both the people and task is high than productivity and employee engagement will be
excellent.
Managerial skills
Our managerial skills helps in developing our career effectively. I have a strong plan
to progress my career in the field of hospitality sector with the companies like Hilton Hotel.
When I will work with these firms, they will provide me an opportunity to grab high roles
and positions. This can be attained by contributing towards the culture, taking into
consideration their direction and by considering the process described by the management of
the company. All this is conceivable only when I will hold managerial skills such as
leadership, communication, decision making, risk taking and emotional intelligence.
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Personal skills
Seeking help from personal skills such as creativity, honesty, problem solving,
punctuality, practical etc. I will take the company to the path of glory and success. With
these skills I can allocate the resources for improvement in the human resource widely. I am
connected with those institute up till now that are investing huge amount on development of
an individual both personally and professionally. This is quite evident from my progression
as well as development in career path. I have been from trainee to assistant manager and it
this was only because of the handful contribution of my personal skills (Neumark, 2008).
In addition to this, the future capabilities will be focussed in my career development
plan and will be adopted completely by my team members and sub-ordinates. For this
purpose, all necessary help and support in relation with the instructional training, flexible
working hours and on the job training will be established. Moreover, my hard work as well as
efforts will be cherished and re-directed with this. The personal potential being posed by me
will be reflected significantly by my company and the same will be helpful for the growth
and accomplishment of the objectives of the organization in future.
4.2 Reviewing career, performance, future and personal development needs for producing
development plan
For fulfilling both personal as well as professional objectives focus should be made
on certain skills which are very vital for better performance, operations as well as utilization
of the resources effectively. From the analysis it was identified that there are certain skills
that needs to be improved such as time management, stress management, decision making
and presentation skills. I am currently doing well in my career life, but due to lack of these
skills I sometimes come across with various problems and difficulties and thus, it needs to be
improved for flawless working. Career development plan will help significantly in my future
development and planning (Hackman and Johnson, 2013). For achieving higher position in
the travel and tourism or hospitality sector, Nemours aspects need to be taken care such as I
need to improve mu role playing skills, develop critical thinking, effective performance
measurement knowledge, gaining more experience in the same industry, improvement in
communication and inter-personal skills etc.
CONCLUSION
Consequently, it can be well-attributed that managers as well as leaders provide
guidance to the workers so that they can improve their abilities and leads the firms to the path
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of success and growth. It was found that the current business environment is very demanding
and managers are required to possess high level of competencies so that an edge over the
other firms can be achieved. It was evaluated from the current report that the roles and
accountabilities of the managers is quite diverse. With altering trends of the market, the
managers are liable to get themselves updated and make their sub-ordinates as well.
14

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