The Effect of COVID-19 on Emotional Wellbeing in Adults in India, 2020

This dissertation examines the impact of COVID-19 on the emotional wellbeing of adults in India. It discusses the effects of pandemic restrictions on mental health and suggests self-care strategies to mitigate negative effects. The study uses a mixed methods survey to gather data on individuals' emotional wellbeing during the pandemic. Results indicate that engaging in activities such as yoga, meditation, and hobbies can help reduce anxiety levels. The study also highlights the importance of social support and the negative impact of loneliness on emotional wellbeing. The research aims to provide insights into the emotional wellbeing of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

THE EFFECT OF COVID- 19 ON
EMOTIONAL WELLBEING IN ADULTS
IN INDIA, 2020
Dissertation submitted to the faculty of sports and health science, in Partial fulfilment of
the requirement for the degree of

DECLARATION
I hereby declared that this dissertation entitle “The effect of covid-19 on
emotional wellbeing in adults in India” is genuine research work carried out by
me
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my great thanks to goddess Sarswati for constantly showering blessing
grace during the entire course of study, and make the study successful.

I am heartly thankful to, for her opinion and help throughout the entire study. She
gave me valuable suggestion, help, opinion and support so I am able to move on
every step of my dissertation successfully.
I am greatly thank-full to the Respondents for extending their co-operation and
participation in the study without which is would not have been possible to
complete the study.
I express my sincere gratitude to my parents for their support and encouragement
for my study. They were the source of inspiration for me.
I express my heartly thanks to all my classmates who have given their co-operation
throughout the course at study.
I thank to all whom I have not mentioned by name but nevertheless have been
instrumental in the successful completion of this dissertation.
Lastly, I am great-full to all of them who have directly or indirectly helped me in
completion of this study.

ABSTRACT
The pandemic affects entire system of country and individuals into negative manner such
that government has to take an action of sudden lock down and this in turn affect the results as
well. On the other side, this pandemic also affects the emotional well-being of an individual too.
By conducting secondary research, it is analysed that COVID- 19 creates negative impact upon
the people and with the help of range of activities, individuals tried to overcome from lockdown
period. Moreover, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of COVID- 19 upon people’s
well-being. Therefore, the research uses a mixed methods survey to provide in-depth data
regarding to how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected individuals’ emotional well-being.
Secondary study has been used in the research in which scholar uses already published articles
and journals in order to support the primary data in discussion section. For that latest article are
selected that in turn help to meet the define aim.
Results: 147 respondents were included and presented their views and practices pertaining to
selected topic. Results indicated that most participants had engaged themselves in different
activities, such as yoga, meditation and hobbies such as cooking which helped them to reduce the
level of anxiety. Further the analysis s also showed that during pandemic, the level of emotional
difficulty increased with key themes expressed including “not have any work” and “feeling
trapped”. Different inferential statistical tools indicated such that to develop categorical
relationship, chi-square test is used with emotional well-being of the individual. Discussion and
conclusion: Apart from this, the study reveals that lock down period did not provide any sense of
positivity among most of the respondents and to overcome from such, Yoga, meditation and
cooking is perform that leads to divert the mind from any negative thoughts.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................10
Results............................................................................................................................................14
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................42
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................50
Recommendations.....................................................................................................................50
Conclusion................................................................................................................................51
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................53
Appendix........................................................................................................................................57
Questionnaire............................................................................................................................57
Appendix -2...................................................................................................................................63

Title: “The effect of covid-19 on emotional wellbeing in adults in India, 2020”
INTRODUCTION
Global pandemics
Pandemics have affected several people across the world since time immemorial. The
most recent pandemics include the SARS outbreak (2002-2004), H1N1 Swine Flu (2009-2010)
and the West African Ebola epidemic (2014-2016). Recently, in December 2019 a virus referred
to as the coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei, in the People’s Republic
of China. The virus is thought to have originated in a food market where it spontaneously spread
with over 66 percent of people working in the market diagnosed with the disease within a month
(Serafini et al, 2020). The market was subsequently closed. Nonetheless, the virus had spread to
other cities in China and indeed across the world. The disease was officially re-named Covid-19
by the World Health Organization on the 11th of February, 2020.
Effects of COVID-19 restrictions
In an attempt to stop the sporadic spread of the COVID-19 disease, various countries -
imposed restrictions and national lockdowns with a profound effect on emotional well-being on
the general public (Serafini et al, 2020). A significant fraction of the global population is
quarantined at home and public health institutions to reduce disease transmission (Pulla, 2020;
Rubin, 2020; Dubey et al, 2020). Nonetheless, according to Rubin (2020), a decision by
policymakers to control people as a measure to protect them has a tendency to worsen
psychosocial impacts of a pandemic. As a result, quarantine of people affected by the disease
often instigates anxiety, distress and a feeling of being trapped moreover if members of the same
family are separated (Rubin, 2020). Separation of families is occurring widely especially among
families with frontline healthcare workers. Nurses and doctors have had to separate themselves
from close family members to minimize the transmission of the virus. In addition to physical
restrictions the imposition of national lockdowns and social restrictions have adverse effects on
mental and emotional well-being as people feel cornered and without control of their lives.
Globally, individuals are used to unlimited travel, meet-up and enjoy conversations with
all and sundry. Adults generally prefer to go out and this has become a social norm for many
over the last couple of decades. The ongoing social isolation measures have been reported to
induce frustration and feelings of uncertainty (Serafini et al, 2020). Research indicates that there
is a high prevalence of psychological effects when adults are quarantined during a pandemic.

This include depression, stress, mood instability and irritation, anger as well as insomnia and
exhaustion (Serafini et al, 2020; Mihashi et al, 2009; Hawryluck et al, 2004; Marjanovic et al,
2007).
COVID-19 is likely to affect the well-being of adults through uncontrollable fear of
infection, pervasive anxiety and loneliness due to social distancing measures (Serafini et al,
2020; Wang et al, 2020; Khan et al, 2020). In addition, Wang et al (2020) argued that individuals
are likely to suffer from frustration and severe boredom due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Moreover, there is a fear of financial stability if the current pandemic persists. Literature
suggests that a specific and uncontrollable fears is one of the most widespread psychological
reaction to infection in adults (Torales et al, 2020, Serafini et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2020; Khan et
al, 2020). When adults are exposed to the risk of contracting COVID-19 many will be worried its
impact on their health and the possibility of infecting peers and family (Serafini et al, 2020). As a
result, adults end up developing pervasive fears. Adults are more likely to develop uncontrollable
fears if they have developed symptoms associated with the infection (Jeong et al, 2016; Serafini
et al, 2020). The fears are aggravated by the realization that the individual may develop the
disease at a later time after exposure thus putting several people at risk of contracting the
infection.
Individuals are also likely to develop pervasive anxiety with a significant effect on their
emotional well-being. COVID-19 social isolation measures which are part of a greater lockdown
restrictions generate anxiety and uncertainty about the future. Indeed at the onset of the
coronavirus pandemic in China, numerous people were gripping with a fear that the world as we
know it was apparently coming to an end. In addition, individuals are worried about the potential
for new infections likened to COVID-19 (Serafini et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2020).
According to Torales et al (2020), pervasive anxiety develops as a result of sensorial
deprivation. It begins as insomnia and later develops into severe depression (Serafini et al, 2020;
Torales et al, 2020). An individual may later endure post-traumatic stress thus severely
impacting on his emotional well-being. Adults working in public healthcare institutions are most
affected due to fatigue, boredom and loneliness (Serafini et al, 2020; Torales et al, 2020; Wang
et al, 2020). Furthermore, the emotional well-being of adults will be affected due to perceived
limited social support services that culminates in pervasive anxiety. Moreover, COVID-19

restrictions induced separation and loss of freedom augments pervasive anxiety (Serafini et al,
2020).
The COVID-19 pandemic is also likely to induce frustration and boredom in adults.
Measures taken by several governments to control the spread of the pandemic reduces social
contact and restricts access to places of usual habitation (Serafini et al, 2020). Thus, individuals
suffer due to distress and boredom. Moreover, individuals are frustrated due to disruption of
activities of daily life and inhibition of social necessities (Serafini et al, 2020). Disruption of
social networks and related social activities instigates hopelessness and distortion of sensory
behavior. This has a profound effect on the emotional well-being of adults. Serafini et al (2020)
further argues that these changes are comparable to perversion of individual characteristics that
results from child mistreatment. Affected adults tend to develop unbearable anger and suicidal
tendencies.
Emotional well-being of an individual may also be affected by disabling loneliness. It is
irrefutable that social isolation and lockdown restrictions associated with the COVID-19
pandemic induces pervasive loneliness. A state of loneliness is enhanced by hysteria and anxiety
(Torales et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2020; Khan et al, 2020). Loneliness affects an individual’s
mental well-being and induces depression (Serafini et al, 2020). In addition, adult people who
are lonely have increased suicidal behavior. Although the cognitive process is impaired by
hyperarousal, Serafini et al (2020) noted that loneliness disrupts cognitive functions. Loneliness
also affects decision making and is associated with substance abuse (Wang et al, 2020; Khan et
al, 2020; Serafini et al, 2020). To improve the emotional well-being of individual, it is necessary
for them to perform yoga so that it will assist to increase their stamina. For example, performing
exercise will help an individual to perform the best so that they will easily live their life.
Therefore, during this pandemic, it is for sure to use some self-care approaches such that proper
sanitizing, regular hand washing, maintain social distancing which in turn protect an individual
from the spread of virus. So, these self-carte approaches are also create positive impact upon the
individual’s mental status. Moreover, during public places, individual should wear mask that also
protect from being affected. Therefore, this in turn leads to improve the emotional well-being
and live good life.
The preceding discussion clearly indicates that pandemics affect emotional well-being of
adults. Evidence from literature suggest that COVID-19 induces significant effects that affects

the emotional stability of adult people. This is mainly due to lockdown measures that creates
restrictions on social activities and disrupts social networking. In addition, information distortion
and shortages of basic necessities creates anxiety and induces feelings of uncertainty regarding
the future. Moreover, emotional distress is associated with physical illness, virus infection and
cardiovascular diseases. People with Alexithymia (is a personality trait that characterized by
subclinical inability to determine the emotion experienced by one’s self) are most susceptible to
the negative outcomes of emotional distress.
Aims and Objectives
The purpose of this dissertation is to ascertain the effects of COVID-19 on the emotional
well-being of adults. The study shall also describe self-care strategies used by adults to reduce
the psychological effects of the COVID 19 pandemic. In addition, the study shall carry out
evaluate the experiences of people during COVID-19.
India and pandemic or mental health care
The mental health of the Indian people is stable but during COVID – 19, the emotional
well-being of people suddenly changes along with lifestyle. Hence, it is quite difficult for the
people who facing issues of mental health. Though there is no better facilities in India with
regards to hospitals or bed, but government main focus is to boost COVID-19 related
infrastructure in the terms of bed, isolated wards etc. The health care sector of India is driven by
tertiary care that means in most places especially in rural areas the only place for mental
healthcare is district hospital. Moreover, in India, stress, anxiety and sleeplessness are consider
some of the most common issues and that is why, healthcare professionals and stakeholders have
to be focused upon it. While conducting survey during lock down it is analyzed that 68% of the
mental health professionals are said that it affects the people in negative manner and that is why,
it leads to emotional well-being as well. Moreover, many Indian people are also lead to suicide
as reported by media while others are quarantine. Also, in 2019, the statistic is reported by
139123 in India but even after COVID- 19, the number is increases.
Due to the harsh impact of COVID 19 over the people of India as because of COVID 19 all
people have become demotivated and frustrated. this was majorly seen among adults of India as
due to lockdown people were not able to move out of their place and this has caused a lot of
mental stress among people (ndia’s Patchy Mental Healthcare System Is Failing To Deliver
During The Pandemic, 2020). Population of India is very large and effects of COVID 19 was

very high over Indians and this resulted in economic downturn in economy of India. Further
because of this slowdown as well many people are facing issues of depression, low morale,
mental instability and many other mental and health related issues.
Aim: “To determine the effects of COVID-19 on emotional well-being in Adults: A study on
India”
Objectives:
 To examine perspective of members of Indian Public regarding emotional well-being.
 To identify the impact of COVID – 19 upon emotional well-being among adults.
 To identify the self-care approaches through which people had coped up with mental
challenges during lock down.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methods- the method is referred to as the series of steps or a structure which is to be
followed by the researcher in order to complete research. The process in order to complete the
research is of many different types. The most common type of methods of research are
qualitative, quantitative and mixed method of research (Mohajan, 2018). Under qualitative
research, the researcher makes use of values, attributes, beliefs and other non- numeric data is
collected relating to area of study. This is a good sort of method of research as in this case no
facts and figures are includes.
On the other side, another method of research is a quantitative method. Under this
method the major focus of the researcher is to collect facts and figures and different types of data
set relating to the research topic. In this method numbers are used to analyse the topic of research
and reach to some conclusions. Furthermore, another method is mixed methods research wherein
the combination of both qualitative and quantitative method is selected. This is done and
combine the best of these approaches and outcome as it includes combination of both the
methods.
Among all, researcher chose a mixed methods survey capturing qualitative and
quantitative data because in the primary data collection method i.e. survey which contain many
categorical questions in likert scales which entails the study is based upon quantitative study. On
the other hand, there are some open ended questions in survey which reflect qualitative study.
Therefore, investigator uses mixed research method in this study in which both qualitative and
quantitative study has been used which in turn assist to answer the research question.

Philosophy of research- philosophy pertaining to research is defined as the beliefs,
values and phenomenon which underlies the way how data need to be gathered, evaluated and
analysed and used within the successful completion of research. In the present study research is
being conducted on analysing the fact that how COVID- 19 affected the emotional well- being of
adults in India. The philosophy of the research includes the way how data will be collected and
used in order to reach to valid conclusion and attain the aim and objective of study (Dodds and
Hess, 2020). The philosophy of research is of two different types that is interpretivism and
positivism. The interpretivism is a philosophy wherein the researcher includes all the strategies
and steps of research which integrates the efforts of humans within the research. This is essential
as if interest of human is not present then the research will not be conducted in proper and
effective manner. Further in the positivism philosophy the researcher makes use of all the factual
information and facts and figures in order to complete the research with attainment of aim and
objective of study.
For the fulfilment of aim of understanding effects of COVID 19 over emotional well-
being of adults the researcher has made use of both interpretivism as well as positivism because
the study is based upon mixed method. Hence, the major reason behind selection of this
approach is that this will involve the interest of human into the study and study will become
successful. Also, collect facts and figures which are directly link with the research aim and this
in turn leads to meet the define aim.
Design- the design of research is referred to as the overall strategy which has been
selected in order to integrate the whole research in one successful research. The design of
research is very essential to be decided as if researcher will not know what methods and
procedure. They have to select to complete the research then the research will not be completed
in prepared effective manner (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone, 2018). The major
types of design of research are descriptive and experimental research design. The descriptive
type of design is the one under which the current status of the research topic is described and
with help of that data some conclusions are drawn. Further in the experimental approach the use
of scientific methods is made in order to discuss and reach to some conclusion relating to the
research topic. Further under this the cause and effect relationship is also established among the
variables of topic of research.

Hence, for the completion of the research over analysing the effects of COVID 19 over
adults’ emotional well- being the use of mixed method survey was made. The major reason for
the selection of this design is that this was assistive for researcher in gathering large data relating
to area of study. Hence, the large availability of data was very helpful in successful completion
of the study in effective and correct manner.
Participant- this is the most important aspect to be decided in the research methodology
as if participant of study will not be appropriate then this will not provide intended result
(Snyder, 2019). As the entire study is based upon Indian Nationals and that is why, it is not
possible to include all the members in study and that is why, two criteria are set that assist to
choose the participant i.e. inclusion. Anyone under the age of 18 was excluded from the study.
147 respondents participated, including n=122 that met the inclusion criteria and they are
bifurcated as per the age such that above 18, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-65, >65. Moreover,
there are many Indians who live outside India but may have received the survey link and they are
included within study as they are part of the Indian community and received the link via their
connection with their home country.
Moreover, all the respondents were selected from random sampling method and
questionnaire is circulated among the respondent by online by the medium “Facebook”in English
language. The major reason underlying this is due to the current situation of pandemic, it is not
possible to meet with anyone and that is why, researcher uses online mode. Further the responses
of the participant were again provided back to the researcher with the help of online sources
only.
Measures- the measures are defined as the different types of tools and material used at
time of completing the research study. As the study was large so it was not possible for
researcher to interview all the participant and then analyse their responses and reach to any
conclusion. Hence, for the completion of the study the major measure used was the use of
questionnaire in order to collect data from respondent (Ørngreen and Levinsen, 2017). The
questionnaire is a list of question which relates to aim and objective of study and the answer of
which will lead to successful completion of whole research. Hence, the questionnaire comes
under the primary data collected method wherein the questionnaire is sent to respondent and then
respondent need to fill it and send it back to researcher.

This is a primary source of data collected as the questionnaire is was specifically
designed for the study. Aspects relating to anxiety were informed by the validated HADS
questionnaire tool but this was modified to match the study aims. The study was part of a larger
study exploring the research question in different countries, following a pilot, which lead to some
questions being tweeked. This survey was used for the first time in India in this study and the
respondent from participants. Hence, from the above discussion it is clear that it is very essential
for the researchers to make use of appropriate measures in order to complete research study in
successful and effective manner.
Data analysis- mere collection of data is not enough rather the researcher has to make
use of proper analytical skill in order to draw relevant conclusion from collected data. For the
effective and successful completion of the research the data analysis is the most important and
crucial stage for researcher (Taherdoost, 2016). The major reason underlying this fact is that
when the data is collected in appropriate manner but the researcher is not able to analyse it
properly then this is of no use. Hence, for the proper and effective completion of the study the
most essential thing is proper use of data analysis tools and techniques to draw some meaning
from the collected data. The data is being used in raw form and then by applying the different
tools and techniques of data analysis the data is arranged in systematic manner and then
conclusions are drawn from it.
For the present study, the researcher used thematic data analysis for open ended questions
in which all the responses are shown in presentable manner. For that table, graphs and chart are
used that clearly determine views of participants. On the other side, inferential statistics is also
performed in which Chi-square test is performed that helps to determine the relationship between
categorical variable with another one. So, the test clearly reflects the relationship between
independent and dependent variables. Moreover, regression analysis is also used in data analysis
section in order to determine the independency between two variables. So with the help of these
statistical tool, the data provide actual results which I turn assist to identify the impact of
COVID-19 upon emotional well-being among people. Along with this descriptive statistic is also
provided that assist to analyse the standard deviation and average of responses provided by
respondents. As the study is based upon mixed method, so for likert scale questions, frequency
table is presented which in turn leads to present the views in better and understandable manner.
Therefore, with the help of both thematic and quantitative descriptive design, investigator

presents entire results in great manner which entails the impact of COVID- 19 upon emotional
well-being of Indian people.
Ethical consideration- ethical consideration is defined as some guidelines or conduct of
good or bad working which might restrict or promote the working of researcher (Basias and
Pollalis, 2018). Moreover, in the present study, ethical approval was obtained by St. Mary's
University research ethics committee and researcher should make sure that they cannot
discriminate any participants on any basis. Also, take prior consent from all the participants so
that they provide proper views which in turn leads to attain the goals.
Reliability and validity- the reliability is defined as a measure of consistency pertaining
to the data which has been evaluated and tested. The data set is said as reliable only when the test
applied on them provides for same answers all the time the test is being conducted. For the
research to be completed this is the most essential thing as if all the time the test shows similar
result then this states that the data selected is reliable the outcome of the research is also valid
and can be relied. On the other side the validity is defined as the fact that whether the research
was successful in attaining what it was supposed to attain. The research will only be valid when
the aim and objective of study was attained or not. If the aim and objective of study was not
attained, then it means that the instrument used for the research was not valid. In the present
study also the researcher tried to manage the reliability and validity of the research (Attia and
Edge, 2017). This was done by collecting the recent data and also make use of questionnaire in
appropriate and effective manner. This was done with the intention of making proper and
effective use of the questionnaire in order to collect the right information and make use of that
information in attaining the aim and objective in effective manner.
Results
N=147 questionnaire responses were obtained in total.
Demographics of participants:
Include here the breakdown of gender/age etc of participants. (this is really important so that you
can view responses in relation to who gave them.

Theme 1: Most of the respondent hear about survey through social media.
Basis Responses (%)
Social Media 132 (92.3%)
Email 6 (4.2%)
Word of mouth 5 (3.5%)
Gym 0
Total 147 (100%)
Interpretation: From the above graphical presentation, it can be stated that most of the
respondent get to know about survey by social media platform such as Facebook, Instagram and
What's-app. As most of the younger generation are making use of digital media and technologies
to have fun and enjoyment so it helps in generating awareness. Such as out of 147, 132 says that
they get knowledge through social media, whereas remaining 6 through emails, 5 through word
of mouth and 0 by gym. So, It clearly show that in order to generate awareness among people
social media is a best platform as used by large number of people to have knowledge, fun and
entertainment.
Theme 2: Number of Respondent were from India.
Basis Responses (%)

Yes 122 (85.3%)
No 21 (14.7%)
Total 147 (100%)
Interpretation: Out of 147 Respondent, 122 (85.3%) stated that they belong to India on the
other hand remaining 21 that is 14.7% people stated that they does-not belong to India.
Therefore, it can be concluded from above chart that major respondent of survey belongs to India
whereas only few individual that are from different countries. USA, United-kingdom, Nepal,
Canada and Australia are some of the place from which the several Respondent belongs.
Theme 2. B: Respondent live in western part of India.
Basis Responses
East 19
West 86 (76.1%)
North 2 (1.8%)
South 6 (5.3%)
Total 147 (100%)

Interpretation: There are numerous individuals for different parts of India that have taken part
in answering the survey such as from north, south, west and east. From the above chart, it can be
illustrated that 76.1% of respondent belong to western part of India, 16.8% are from East, 5.3%
from north and remaining 1.8% respondent from South. Therefore, it can be interpreted that
maximum number of people respond to survey are from west whereas least is from south of
India.
Theme 3: Most of the respondent belong to adult age group (18-29).
Basis Responses
<18 5 (3.5%)
18-29 116 (81.1%)
30-39 16(11.2%)
40-49 3(2.1%)
50-59 3(2.1%)
60-65 0
>65 0
Total 147
Interpretation: It can be evaluated and analysed from above that there are various number of
Respondent that have taken active part in survey. It can be identified that most adult people that
belong to age group of 18-29 have taken active participation in survey whereas there are no
individual above age 65. All These respondent belong to different age group such as 5
individuals are above age of 18, 116 in age group of 18-29, 30-39 belong to 30-39 and 3 are
related to age group of 40-49 and 50-59. Whereas there was no respondent that belong to age

group of 60-65 thus it can be said that most of the younger, adults have taken active part in
survey related to Covid-19 self -care management on emotional well-being.
Theme 4: There are number of female that actively respond to survey.
Basis Responses
Male 62 (43.4%)
Female 80 (55.9%)
Non binary 1 (0.7%)
Prefer not to say 0
Total 147
Interpretation: It can be interpreted that both male and female have responded to the survey in
effective manner such as almost there are 43.4% males and 55.9% female. So it can be compared
that female are more interested in survey as compared to males. On contrary, only 0.7% are
from non-binary category thus it can be understood that there are more female respondents for
survey as compared to male. Thus, data shows that females are more likely to share their view,
feedback to particular survey on contrary to males or other gender.
Theme 5: 3 people with whom respondent lives (excluding children).
Interpretation: It have been learnt that 3 people excluding children respondent lives.
Theme 6: Majority of people live with 3 people (Including children).
Interpretation: Maximum number of respondent have three family members.

Theme 7: Selected respondent are student.
Interpretation: The above survey states that most of the respondent are students.
Theme 8: Student is work status of people before lockdown.
Interpretation: Work status of respondent is student.
Theme 9: Now also respondent belong to student category.
Interpretation: Even after lockdown, the work status remained as student only.
Theme 10: People agreed that they feel increased in anxiety due to Covid-19.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 28 (19.7%)
Agree 52 (36.6%)
Neutral 38 (26.8%)
Disagree 16 (11.3%)
Strongly disagree 8 (5.6%)
Total 147
Interpretation: Covid -19 is one of the pandemic situation that have affected negative on
health and well-being of every individual as they are suffering from mental stress, anxiety and
depression. From the survey conduct, it is identified that 36.65% and 19.7% have selected
options of agreed and strongly agreed respective that they have experienced anxiety during

Covid -19. On contrary, 5.6%and 11.3% strongly disagree and disagree that there does feel the
same in pandemic situation. At the same time, it is learnt from above graph that 26.8% were
neutral that state they agreed and disagree to statement that Covid have caused anxiety.
Theme 10.A.1: Respondent agree that worrying though were going in their minds at time of
Covid-19.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 20 (14.2%)
Agree 57 (40.4%)
Neutral 40 (28.4%)
Disagree 16 (11.3%)
Strongly disagree 8 (5.7%)
Total 147
Interpretation: The above bar chart illustrated that maximum number of respondent such as
57 agrees that worrying or negative thought were going in the mind during extreme situation
of Covid-19. 20 individual selected option of strongly agreed, whereas 40 have neutral
response on the statement and remaining 16 and 8 have opinion related to disagree and
strongly disagree respectively. Therefore, it can be understand that Covid-19 have caused
mental stress or increase in number of negative though which indirectly impact on health
and well-being of individuals.
Theme 10.B.1: Majority of people are neutral towards the statement “that they fell
anxiety all the time”.
Basis Responses

Strongly agree 11(7.7%)
Agree 24 (16.9%)
Neutral 63(44.4%)
Disagree 33(23.2%)
Strongly disagree 11(7.7%)
Total 147
Interpretation: There are 147 respondent that have select their respective options about
what they have experienced during the situation of Covid-19. The graph illustrated that
majority of respondent (44.4%)stated that sometime they feel anxiety whereas sometime
they may not. On the other hand, 33% disagree that they do not experience anxiety at all in
any time thus Covid-19 have null impact on the mind and emotions. Similarly, 24 agrees
that the pandemic situation have impacted on their anxiety, emotional or mental health in
adverse manner. Therefore, it have been founded that people have felt anxiety but not all the
time as they have some home or busy in doing particular task.
Theme 10.C.1: Anxiety does not impact on sleeping habit of individuals.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 7(4.9%)
Agree 29(20.3%)
Neutral 38(26.6%)
Disagree 54(37.8%)
Strongly disagree 15(10.5%)
Total 147

Interpretation: There are only 4.9% of respondent that strongly agreed that anxiety due
to Coronavirus has distribute their regular sleep. On contradiction, 37.8% disagree stating there
they does not feel that anxiety have impact on their sleep. At the same time 26.6% of respondent
were neutral about the above statement which means neither they are in support nor in against of
statement. So, it can be identified that anxiety have not created disturbances in sleeping habit of
people.
Theme 10.D.1: There are huge number of individuals that are feeling clam during covid-19.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 28(14%)
Agree 52(36.4%)
Neutral 60 (42%)
Disagree 11 (7.7%)
Strongly disagree 0
Total 147
Interpretation: Covid-19 is situation that have created in stress in mind of people as it is
spreading at fast pace causing several numbers of death each day in different part of world. 52
people agrees that despite of all negative news they remained clam while 11 state that are unable
to stay clam due to numerous death. Therefore, it is understood from above graph that 60 people
have felt that they were clam at most of the time but there was situation at which they are unable
to control their emotion or stay clam.

Theme 11: Lock-down period was calmer for most of the respondent.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 12 (8.4%)
Agree 54 (37.8%)
Neutral 48 (33.6%)
Disagree 24 ( 16.8%)
Strongly disagree 5 (3.5%)
Total 147
Interpretation: The data collected in the table stated that almost or 37.8% of people
agreed that lockdown period was much calmer. But as per point of view of 16.8 it has caused
several dis-stress on minds of people. Therefore, maximum number of people selected option of
agrees and strongly agreed options rather than neutral, disagree or strongly disagree. Like 33.6%
are neutral above the view that Lockdown period was more clam. Yes Lockdown period was
clam for the perspective of most of the respondent.
Theme 11.A.1: Lockdown period was more relaxed as well as stressful.

Interpretation: It can be analysed that lockdown period was neither peaceful nor much
relaxed as people have get enough time to have fun with their family at the same time find more
stress working at home. The graph illustrates that approximately 30.8% of people stated that they
feel netrual about the statement that lock-down was much relaxed. There are respondents around
30.19% that agrees that they have get enough relaxation during lock-down period similarly 21
disagree to the same point of view. Thus, it have been understand from above outcome that
people have felt both relaxed and stressful in period of lockdown.
Theme 11. B. 1 Less number of respondent feel isolated while lockdown.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 19 (13.4%)
Agree 33 (23.2%)
Neutral 32 (22.5%)
Disagree 44 (31%)
Strongly disagree 14 (9.9%)
Total 147
Interpretation: While conducting survey, it is evaluated that majority number of
individuals that is approximately 44 disagree and 14 strongly disagreed that they feel isolated at
home. While 33 agrees and 19 strongly agrees that they experienced or feel being isolated at

home as there was no one. At the same time, remaining have neutral point of view therefore it
can be concluded that there was no much feeling of loneliness at home. It can be intrepretated
that maximum number of people does not feel isolated at home while lockdown face.
Theme 11. C.1 People were able to achieve their goals despite several problems.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 16(11.3%)
Agree 58(40.8%)
Neutral 52(36.6%)
Disagree 10(7%)
Strongly disagree 6(4.2%)
Total 147
Interpretation: The above table depicts that people despite of adverse situation have
positive attitude to achieve their respective goals during financial years. As out of ratio of 100,
58 people stated that they are ready to make continuous efforts to achieve their goals despite of
various difficulties. At the same time, there were few individual that have selected disagrees and
strongly disagree option that they are unable to concentrate on their respective goals.
Theme 11. D.1 They are able to adapt to external changes
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 16(19.7%)
Agree 58(57.7%)
Neutral 52(19.7%)

Disagree 3 (2.1%)
Strongly disagree 1(0.7)
Total 147
Interpretation: It can be concluded from above analysis that most of the people out of
various option prefer agreed one which state that they are ready to accept all external changes.
Such as almost 57.7% choose agree, 19.7% strongly agreed and neutral and 2.1% disagree to the
above statement.
Theme 11. E.1 Respondent have capacity to handle unpleasant feeling
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 17 (12.1%)
Agree 58(49.6%)
Neutral 42(29.8%)
Disagree 9(3.4%)
Strongly disagree 3(2.1%)
Total 147
Interpretation: The above statics collected illustrate that 49.6% and 12.1% people have
capacity to handle unpleasant feeling as they have select agree and strongly agreed option
respective. There are individual that are neutral towards the view that they have capacity to
handle unpleasant feeling or not while 6.4% stated that they disagree that they can manage
unpleasant feeling.

Theme 12: Cooking is one of the best practices that contribute in maintaining control over
emotion during lock-down period.
Basis Responses
Supplements 9(6.3%)
Cooking 85(59.4%)
Aerobic exercise(Jog/ running) 45(31.5%)
Walks 69(48.3%)
Yoga 55(38.5%)
Mindfulness 26(18.2%)
Meditation 39(27.3%)
Virtual contact and social distancing meet up 64(44.8%)
Others 14(9.8%)
Total 147
Interpretation: There are number of practices which have been adopted by people to
maintained control over their emotions such as walks, meditation, intake of supplements,
Aerobic exercise and virtual contact and social distancing. The above bar graph state that 85
individuals have use cooking practices, 69 prefer walk. 64 virtual contact and social distancing,
39 meditation, 26 mindfulness and remaining have performed several other practices in order to
manage their emotion. Therefore, it can be intrepretated that most of the people followed
cooking pratices in lock down phase.
Theme 12. A: Writing and gaming are other practices.
Interpretation: Games and writing were two other practices that are used by several individual
to maintained control over their emotion during lock down phase.

Theme 12. B: All diet and amway tulsi was intake by people.
Interpretation: It can be learnt that most of the people want to have product from branded
company in order to have better health so they have opted for amway tulsi supplement in order to
boost their stamina.
Theme 13. A: Several other practices used by people such as drawing, game and painting
Interpretation: From the above discussion, it can be concluded that games, embroidery painting
and gardening were various other practices that are used by individuals to improve their
emotion.
Theme 13.B: Amway Tulsi was used as supplement by respondent.
Interpretation: It can be identified from above analysis that most of the people have intake
Amway tulsi in order to maintain their emotional health.
Theme 14.1 Majority respondents agree that above discussed activities play an integral role to
improve emotional well-being.
Basis RESPONSES
Strongly agree 31(22%)
Agree 90)63.8%)
Neutral 18(12.8%)
Disagree 1(0.7%)
Strongly disagree 1(0.7%)

TOTAL 141
Interpretation: Bar graph discussed above enables us to analyse that major respondents have
agreed with the fact that above discussed activities have helped people in restoring and
improving emotional well-being within pandemic period. Results also show that 31
respondents have highly agreed that by working on self working enhancing activities, there is
rise in improved sustained emotional well-being. There are 18 people who show neutral
response by saying that there has been no response significantly noticed within the activities
(Ho, Chee & Ho, 2020)
Theme 15 : Majority of respondents have been negative for test of Covid-19.
Basis 
RESPONSES
 YES  1(0.7%)
 NO  140

TOTAL
 140(99.3%)
Have you tested positive for Covid-19
Interpretation:Outlining of this graph shows that majority of tests, that is 140 number of
people done among people have tested negative which for Covid-19 infection, however only
1 percent of people have been positive which shows the spread of virus is limited. This
shows that virus spread is limited and people are taking precautions, safety measures and
following quarantine measures at their homes (Serafini and et.al , 2020). This shows that all
respondents show high percentage that they are safe and negative in tests of Covid-19. It has

been intepretated that as maximum cases are negative currently, precautions have been taken
and also further there is scope for bringing on wide functional advancement.
Theme 16 Majority of respondents have denied for any test taken previously
Basis RESPONSES
YES 9(6.4%)
NO 69(48.9%)
I don’t know 42(29.8%)
Prefer not to say 21(14.9%)
TOTAL 140
Interpretation: The above graph results express results in data format which can be analysed
that all respondents have said no for any antibody test done before in their medical history,
respondents saying yes were nil which shows that there is negligible response towards antibody
test. As all respondents have said no for the antibody test done before there can be no symptoms
recorded for the results. This enables us to show that there is also less knowledge of antibody test
where all people commented that before they have not taken any antibody test.
Theme 17 Majority of people agreed that self- care activities are practised for
boosting immune system.
Basis RESPONSES
Strongly agree 24(17.1%)
Agree 81(57.9%)

Neutral 30(21.4%)
Disagree 5(3.6%)
Strongly disagree 0
Total 140
Interpretation: Major respondents have agreed that they have been practising self care
practices for boosting their immunity levels such as yoga and following healthy diet, during
virus spread, and 24 people have strongly agreed which shows that people have knowledge
about how much its important to keep immune system active. There are 30 people who have
neutral opinion and 5 respondents disagreed with the fact that they do not take any time out
for self care activities (Rossi and et.al, 2020). As, majority of respondents have agreed it
addresses the fact that self care activities are highly important.
Theme 18 Major respondents agreed that they would value professional support along with
self care activities to boost immunity.
Basis RESPONSES
Strongly agree 25(17.9%)
Agree 69(49.3%)
Neutral 38(27.1%)
Disagree 7(5%)
Strongly - disagree 1(0.7%)

TOTAL 140
Interpretation: Outlining of graph analyses that Major respondents have agreed to the fact
that professional help such as by yoga practitioners and regular check ups by doctors will
enable to boost immune system, and 25 people have strongly agreed with this. However,
there are 38 people with neutral response towards question, and 7 have disagreed and 1
strongly disagreed that shows there are some people who do not feel desire for professional
assistance. There are people who have shown high interest in gaining information and
professional help from doctors and various other professionals, where it will enable them to
get exact knowledge of how they can enhance their immunity.
Theme 19 Majorities of respondents have denied to the fact that they felt
symptoms of Covid-19 despite getting tested.
Basis Responses
Strongly agree 24(17.1%)
Agree 81(57.9%)
Neutral 30(21.4%)
Strongly disagree 5(3.6%)
TOTAL 140
Interpretation: Major respondents, 69 number of people have said no for being feeling
positive with symptoms without being tested which shows that there is wide range of people who
various times do not have idea of varied symptoms of virus spread. Yes, has been chosen by 9
respondents and 42 respondents have said they don't know, and 21 people said they prefer to not
say. The results enable us to analyse that there are various types of confusion also in people mind

concerning virus which do not give them exact response to understand and evaluate (Zhou,
Snoswell, & Smith, 2020).
Theme 20 Majorities of respondents responded that they practise daily and everyday self care
activities for emotional well-being
Interpretation: It can be understood from above discussed data that there are major
respondents who have agreed that they practice self care exercises on daily and everyday basis,
which shows that people have major interest towards them and also there are people who have
accepted changed lifestyle patterns towards for keeping immune system active.
Theme 21: Majority of people opted for no information, nothing as parameter to develop
information
Interpretation: The above question was answered by analysing shows that majorities of
people as respondents have opted for nothing as information they would like to have that they
haven't found out yet. This shows that there are major percentage of people who do not wish to
gain any knowledge or extra materialistic information of virus spread.
Theme 22: Majority of people opted to say that they had normal day with regular chores and
went for walk.
Interpretation: Representation enables us to analyse that major respondents have opted
to say that they have normal day with all chores of activities and evenings they have been going
for regular walks. Majority of people have said that their ideal days goes in normal chore
activities, majorly they also have high focus towards their health.
Theme 23: Majority of people have said that beginning days of lock down started as most
difficult period.
Interpretation: It explains that major percentage of people felt the beginning period of
lock down as the most stressful period, as those days when highly depressive for people to come
up with activities for keeping up with their physical and mental health. The beginning days were
highly depressive for people to cope up with vast changes as there was high havoc and also
people dint had complete information’s, which made it more complicated.
Theme 24: Majority of respondents have said that they hope all this ends soon, and they get
corona vaccine as soon as possible

Interpretation: The above analysed results explains enable us to analyse that major
percentage of people have hope for everything and are being optimistic for vaccine to be
invented as soon as possible as all economic and social activities are widely affected. This shows
that people are working with optimistic hope that vaccine can be found soon.
Theme 25: Majority people say that friends and families have been highly helpful during lock
down period
Interpretation: The above results enable us to understand that for majority of people
families and friends were highly helpful and also their assistance have helped in keeping mental
peace at stable. Families and friends have been in contact with internet during pandemic which
played huge positive role in keeping mental health strong. People feel that family and friends
have been constant support within the lock down period, as it became an individual high support
for gaining positivity.
Theme 26: Majority of people found staying at home all time during lock down period to be
most difficult.
Interpretation: The above analysed results help us to analyse that majority of
respondents have opted to say that staying at home continuously during lock down period was
most difficult as it had become highly stressful and depressive affecting mental health. It can be
understood that for all age groups people it came as challenge for keeping their mental and
physical health at safe parameters.
Theme 27: Majority of people opted that health of family and getting in contact being with any
positive patient is of the highest worry about them.
Interpretation: Results prescribed show that majority of people feel that their family
well-being and healthcare is of wide importance for them and also being positive by getting in
contact with any Corona Positive person is of high worry. This has been major concern for
people as there have been wide factors which showed that virus spread is highly infectious
among people.
Theme 28: Majority of people have opted that they miss seeing their friends
Interpretation: The results enable us to evaluate that majority of people have opted to say
that they miss most missing their friends, colleagues during the lock down period as staying at

home and being quarantined for long periods have high negative impact on social and mental
peace levels. There have been high measures developed for maintaining social distance, which
has made people also depressive and sick.
Inferential Data analysis
In order to address the research question some inferential statistics were conducted on the
quantitative data.
Chi square test
Hypothesis 1
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no association between gender and anxiety due to COVID -19
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is an association between gender and anxiety due to COVID -
19
gender * I am experiencing increased anxiety due to Covid-19
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 4.916a 8 .766
Likelihood Ratio 5.243 8 .731
Linear-by-Linear
Association .100 1 .752
N of Valid Cases 142
a. 7 cells (46.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is .06.
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx. Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .186 .766
Cramer's V .132 .766
N of Valid Cases 142
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.

b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Interpretation: From the output table, it is interpreted that the value of p (0.766) is higher than
standard criteria (0.05). That is why, alternative hypothesis rejected. So, it is clearly reflected
that there is no association between gender and anxiety such that due to COVID – 19, the level
of anxiety does not increase among men or women.
Hypothesis 2:
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no relationship between gender and worrying thoughts due to
COVID -19
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is no relationship between gender and worrying thoughts due
to COVID -19
gender * Worrying thoughts go through my mind
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 9.476a 8 .304
Likelihood Ratio 10.163 8 .254
Linear-by-Linear
Association .672 1 .412
N of Valid Cases 141
a. 7 cells (46.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is .06.
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .259 .304
Cramer's V .183 .304
N of Valid Cases 141
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.

b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Interpretation: From the above table, it is identified that there is no relationship between gender
and worrying thoughts because P>0.05 and that is why null hypothesis is accepted over other.
Therefore, it is interpreted that worrying thoughts are not go through their mind due to COVID –
19, but majority of the male are suffering from this and this in turn affect the emotional well-
being.
Regression Analysis
Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference in the mean value of gender and
worrying thoughts due to COVID- 19.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in the mean value of gender and
worrying thoughts due to COVID- 19.
Model Summary
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .069a .005 -.002 .510
a. Predictors: (Constant), What gender are you?
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1.667 .112 14.816 .000
Worrying thoughts go
through my mind -.034 .041 -.069 -.819 .414
a. Dependent Variable: Worrying thoughts go through my mind

Interpretation: Through the table it is interpreted that P value (0.414) is greater than standard
criteria and that is why, null hypothesis is accepted over other. Therefore, it is analysed that there
is no significant relationship between the gender and worrying thoughts. Hence, it can be said
that worrying thoughts does not vary among male and female. Moreover, the model summary of
the study is also reflected that there is a lower relationship between both variable while there is
no changes when one variable changes upon other.
In summary the results indicated a number of pressures on mental wellbeing throughout the
pandemic and identified measure that people had taken in order to overcome these.
DISCUSSION
Based on the survey, it has been inferred that most of the respondents heard about this
Covid-19 survey for the purpose of self -care management through the way of social media
platforms and most of the respondents are from the India mainly the West zone and apart from
the India, other countries are USA, UK, Nepal, Canada and Australia and falls in the age group
of 18-29 years in which the female respondents are more. As stated by the Lopez and et.al.,
(2020), the self -care management can only be effective if all the specific measures are taken and
it completely depends upon the surrounding and the family of that person. Most of the people are
living with approximately 6 members which excludes children and the same while including
children and along with the same the most of the respondents are from the student section.
Further, author stated that the working status of the individuals is also affected by the Covid-19
and is having a direct impact over the emotional well-being of the individuals. Most of the
respondents were the student which was affected by the pandemic. This has affected the
complete education of the students.
As emphasized by the van Tilburg and et.al., (2020), the Covid-19 has impacted the
behaviour of the people which also includes increasing the level of anxiety among the people,
making them worrying about education, future, job and mostly importantly their life. Even if
people are not affected by Covid-19 but the figure of it or by listening to the things in relation to
it has impacted the thinking process of the people as their mind has been stuck on the same. This
has resulted into affecting the normal healthy life of the person which is because the threat it has
created on the mind of the individuals has resulted into affecting the sleep of the people. Most of

the people have started feeling anxious all the time which has influenced the sleep of the
individuals in comparison to the pre lock down period.
The effect of Covid-19 on the psychology of the people cannot be explained with greater
accuracy or confirmation as it is completely dependent upon the mental health position of the
people and the mentality of that person. Everyone has different perspective over the same thing
and the same happens in the current situation as well. The perspective of the people in taking
Covid-19 is very much different and therefore, the influence of it will also be different for each
one. As per Tyrrell and Williams (2020), in the mind of a student various things will be
revolving such as their education, future job market, health of their family and so forth. The
place where the family belongs and the current situation of that place will affect the emotional
well being of that person. In a very harsh situation, the person will be under pressure and would
be very anxious in respect to the increasing impact of the Covid-19 and lock down caused
because of it. Further, argued by the author that Covid-19 and the things circulating in regard to
it would be having a huge impact over the mind set of the person. But, impact can be positive or
negative depending upon the perception of that person.
But on the other hand, as argued by the Son and et.al., (2020), this lock down has been
very much beneficial for some of the people. As from the hectic life, individuals have found a
sign of relief. They are started feeling calm and compose but along with the same, it has caused
making people feel isolated and lonely. But, it has provided many ways for the individual to full-
fill their dreams towards which they are emotionally attached. Despite, the difficulties in the
way, individuals have used their creativity in order to effectively achieve their goals and
objectives. The individuals have effectively made use of the time being available using this
pandemic and amid lock down which has helped them in reducing the negative impact the
isolation and the lock down has created over the mind of the people.
Koenig (2020), defined that, Covid-19 has been a new chapter in the life of the people
with some sort of leanings. This has made people being capable of handling the pressure of being
lonely, unpleasant surrounding and other negative aspects of life. The worrying thoughts which
are prevailing in the mind of the person can make the person ill and separated from the others
and under such situation the only way to reduce the negative impact of Covid-19 over the person
in an emotional way is by talking to someone either friends or family members as they will help
in addressing and meeting up with the current situation in an effective way. As justified by

Mattioli and et.al., (2020) this will result into making the mind relax and calm along with
reducing the level of stress associated with it. It has been additional mentioned by the researcher
that if taken in a positive way, the lock down period has been the most relaxing time of a
person's life and people have enjoyed and used it to the fullest. People have shared their
experience of the same and stated that they had felt very relaxed, calm and compose and stress
free. Individuals have found time for themselves and had started doing things which they had
thought of doing but never got time for that. Some of the dreams of the people have been
achieved which made them happy and reduced the negative effect of Covid-19 and the lock
down from their mind. (Murthy and Gupta, 2020)
In order to be emotional strong amid the lock down and till the time this pandemic is
over, the most effective way or strategy is boosting the immune system with the help of
undertaking or implementing various practices and the activities. The activities helps in
providing support to the individuals. The activities involve walks, yoga, aerobic exercise,
meditation etc, which will help in bringing the mind at rest and peace which assist in meeting up
with the changing situation and the negative impact associated with it. As argued by Germani
and et.al., (2020), people have made use of their free time and has engaged into various practices
or the activities such as cooking, yoga, supplements and other activities as well which involves
writing quotes, gaming and in supplements people have undertaken activities like focusing on
their diet, consuming Giloy ghanvati, amla juice and alovera juice. During the lock down, people
have concentrated in their well-being and physical fitness which has assisted them in meeting
with their emotional requirement and making them feel stable. Also, people have shown an
increase in involvement with their relatives and friends with whom they have lost touch or were
not able to spend time even for calling them. Thus, has resulted into increasing the bond which
has helped them in making their mind fresh and healthy. Individuals have also spent their time
by indulging in the activities such as drawing, game, embroidery and sewing work.
Along with that in order to remain strong and fit people have started consuming
supplements as well such as amway tulsi and Tulsi 51 neem powder ani eminiti tablet. This
indicates that the people have been taking the pandemic in a serious manner and working in a
positive manner to over the crisis and make full use of it. As justified by Khan, Chen and
Anusuyah, S. (2020), the experience which has been gained by the people is a life long lesson
and has supported everyone who followed it, in managing and handling themselves emotional

and in enhancing their emotional well-being as well. Along with that, the resulting outcome will
help in effectively adapting to the changing situations with positivity and enthusiasm in the
mind. There were times when the people with no symptoms of Covid-19 had the feeling of being
affected by Covid-19 which was all in their mind even a small sneak will pop up the thought of
having the same as this has been stuck in the mind of the people and whatever happens even if it
is not related to it will make them feel that it is related to it and might create a sense of threat and
will develop a threat in their mind. As argued by Groarke and et.al., (2020), the major and most
effective way of overcoming such thing or illusion is by making oneself very strong which will
help in reducing or decreasing the chances of getting infected by Covid-19 and will consequently
result into healthier mental system of the individual. Otherwise, it will be very difficult to make a
move in the positive direction causing mental illness to the people or adults.
As justified by Lima and et.al., (2020), people have undertaken various measures in
regard to protecting themselves from the Covid-19 and the result of which is at large positive or
in other words, there are very less percentage of people who are affected by the virus and this is
also because of the immune system they have created by consuming the right things in the right
quantity. The self care activities have resulted into a positive outcome in terms of reducing the
psychological effect of Covid-19 on the individuals life and sharing an experience for the same.
According to Parlapani and et.al., (2020), for boosting and enhancing the immune system of the
individual it is very important to ensure that some professional help has been taken as it will
provide the user with the right schedule and diet which can be helpful in meeting up with their
desired goals.
Through, professional support, better and right system can be developed which will help
effectively and positively in self -care immune boosting process otherwise there are chances of
losing the hope and the positivity. As stated by Berg-Weger and Morley (2020), the self -care
activities is basically a support system which keeps on motivating and encouraging an individual
in dealing with such circumstances in a positive manner resulting into accomplishing the desired
result. Another important aspect is that self care activities provides assistance in exercising
control over the anxiety level of the individual which has been agreed by the people as per their
personal experience of the same. Anxiety is one of the most crucial factor that the individual is
required to take care of as it can cause very serious problems in one's life which might not be
rectified or corrected. The experience gained by the people have made them hard and strong for

facing any such circumstances coming up in the future in a far better and meaningful way. Thus,
all the things should be taken care of in the beginning.
As stated by De Sousa, Mohandas and Javed, (2020), during covid-19 situation, all the
people in world are taking care of their families and other individual who are related to them.
They also conduct self -care activities, which is quite beneficial and useful for persons against
pandemic. There are few people who face anxiety because of situation and he or she do enough
self- care activities to manage anxiety levels. 81 out of 147, respondents are in favour of current
statement. Majority of respondents are agreeing about doing much self- care activities to manage
their anxiety degree, which is actually very important. Self -care is any action that every person
do deliberately to take care of his or her mental, physical and emotional health during pandemic.
57.9 percent applicants are managing their anxiety. There is no one who is not agreed from this
statement. COVID-19 is one of the factors that affect emotional well-being of adults and
everyone (Krendl and Perry, 2020). It creates environment where each person feel nervousness
and take stress that is not good for health. Due to restrictions of this pandemic, people feel high
anxiety and get worry about family, life, business and other things. Self -care activities bring
several benefits to each person and manage stress level along with anxiety effectively.
Emotional well -being is influenced by different of economic, situational and
demographic factors that can affect human life and health. Pandemic is an element or factor that
lowered emotional well- being by 74 percent. Respondents selected by researcher in context of
this study practice utilized several activities for emotional wellbeing daily. All these activities are
very beneficial for peoples. As per Qin and et.al., (2020), everyday practice of activities can
manage emotional well- being of individual under COVID- 19 situation. It has been analysed
that by using activities daily in context of emotional wellbeing, each respondent reduces feeling
of stress and depressions as well as anxiety occur due to pandemic. When person used Physical
and other activities daily, it can enhance his or her mood and overall emotional well -being. It aid
to increase energy level and improve selling. From above analysis, it has been discussed that
when individual utilized activities and implement daily they can overcome high stress level,
which turn into increasing emotional well -being. It is not possible to build up social network and
meet with new people. So, in that case activities can help to manage stress and emotional well-
being of human.

According to Marroquín, Vine & Morgan (2020), COVID-19 is one of the most difficult
situations that are affecting whole world in negative manner; respondents do not want to get any
information. Nothing information would they like to have to hand that people has not found.
Everyone are getting data about pandemic via using range of options and channels such as social
media sites, new channels etc. No one take help to other person to gather data about anything.
Respondents do not want any things in their hand; they just need to overcome situation and live
healthy life style. At this environment every one work hard and do a lot of things to prevent their
family members and friends from harmful side effects of corona virus. Furthermore, it has been
interpretate that out of 147 respondents, few of them wants to collect information about
economical environment to keep all updates in context of restrictions and limitations (Griffith,
2020). Most of info has been gathered by people from variety of sources or digital technologies,
which is quite beneficial for them, but still they do not want specific one because everywhere
people are talking about COVID- 19 that is common.
It has been discussed that every respondent have different point of views. Out of 147, few
participants are agreeing that they have very busy day because individual do professional work at
home. Everyone have different feelings, emotions and do activities during COVID- 19 because
they are restricted and not able to go out of home. Few respondents are happy, but have head
ache, he or she played with dogs to spend their time. Playing with pets is one of the most
common activities, which participants do while they have restricted to go out of places because
of corona virus. All the viewpoints are quite different from each other, some people to their
work; few of them went for a walk in safe zone and rest of individual finish job work along with
cooking (Dalton, Rapa and Stein, 2020). Feeling, actions and emotions of people under situation
are different; most of respondents enjoy his or her meal with family members after so long and
then talk to them. From above literature review, it has been determined that few participants
share their views about yesterday activities, they spend time by doing chores and after that went
out for a walk which is quite normal. Everyone needs fresh air and feel free from stress that
affects emotional wellbeing.
Lockdown period is one of the most difficult times, which puts negative impacts on life
of human and its emotional wellbeing. People has been felled very depress and stressed due to
this factor that is not good for health, emotional and physical well -being. All the respondents
chosen by investigator have different viewpoints. According to some participants initial part of

lock down is quite stressful for them, as it can be considered as high points of situation that has
been described above in form of literature review (Al-Hanawi and et.al., 2020). On the other
hand, spending time with family members and pet accordant to respondents are high points. This
statement is different from others one. Friends are always being an important part of life, due to
lockdown many people are not being able to meet with his or her friends that can be recognizes
as low point of that moment. High and low points of lockdown period of each individual is not
similar, some of them are feeling happy because they are capable to spend much time with
children’s and other members within family, which is not possible due to professional life. Many
respondents’ thing that when lock down has been started, people do not feel many difficulties.
It has been analysed that COVID-19 harmed human lives and their wellbeing. It mostly
influenced health of populations and make reason behind death of millions. People hopes for the
best after overcome corona virus. According to Ammar and et.al. (2020), majority of
respondents, hope that from September 2020 people get better job opportunities and greet each
other for it. Because of corona virus many people losses their jobs that affects living standards.
They all hope for the best and wish to get better employment chances in the future after 2020.
Governments take measures to control the negative impacts of pandemic and consider ways to
protect everyone. In the future, they will make plan for jobless people who need right vacancy
which turns into increasing their living standards in effective manner. This is one of the hopes
that most people wants to fulfil in real world because it provide several benefits to them in term
of increasing well- being, strengthening financial situations etc. Greeting new job is the best
things that will be happen in further and bring smiles on face of everyone after September 2020
(Patrick and et.al., 2020). Several governments are taking action in context of this topic and
efforts to handle overall situations in the future.
From above data analysis, it has been discussed that majority of respondents found
difficult to stay at home because it is not easy for them to do. It covers under restrictions of
COVID-19, developed and applied by all the governments in different nations or states.
Restubog, Ocampo & Wang, (2020) stated that, after working hours and hectic work schedule,
people spend their time with friends, which make them feel happy and stress free. But due to
pandemic know everyone needs to stay at home, which is quite difficult and unexpected thing.
But it can be considered as helpful in term of preventing human and emotional wellbeing for
longer period of time. For most individual pandemic causes only mind illness, but for rest of

other it causes physical illness that can make some people quite ill. While staying at home,
respondents are facing several issues such as lack of physical activities, social connections and
lack of focus on health fitness (Arslan and et.al., 2020).
During the time of worldwide lockdown due to COVID 19, family and friends helped me
a lot. As everyone was lock downed into their home due to fear of spread of coronavirus with the
orders of their respective governments so they were not been able to perform any entertainment
activities or even go out to meet friends. So, due to this I was not been able directly meet my
friends and family however was able to connect them through social networking sites. As
justified by García-Fernández and et.al. (2020), during this time my family members and friends
helped me a lot in keeping myself refreshed and thus was able to pass my whole time of
lockdown. Whenever I got bored or felt low or irritated due to lockdown I talked to my friends
on call, video call and chatting as well. We also got to know each other deeply and our
relationship became stronger by keeping regular in touch with each other. This was very tough
time for everyone in world as we were going through difficult time. Family during this period
also helped me to recover the time of lockdown as they were living with me and talking to me
each day. We were staying safe in our home without in contact with anyone from the outside
world (Germani and et.al., 2020).
Based on above analysis, it has been examined that healthy of family and getting in
contact with positive tested patient are the one the biggest worries of respondents. They do not
want to make connect with people who have symptoms of COVID-19, because is risk for
themselves and his or her family members. Health of family is the main concern of each and
every person. They take proper precautions and consider safety concerns which make them able
to stay away from all negative impact of pandemic. Furthermore, it has been analysed that while
staying at home people miss his or her friends the most, according to majority of respondents.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations
Through the above study, it is analysed that there is an impact upon emotional well-being
of an individuals and there is a need to overcome from the same. That is why, there are ways
suggested that helps to cope up with this situation like:
 In India, to cope up with such problem it is suggested to health care provision that they
use equipment in order to reduce the level of anxiety. For that, posters can be used within

working area which reflect to limit the use of media because continuously watching or
scrolling media makes a person more anxious. Also, excess use of news and visual
images may also lead to post traumatic stress disorder. That is why, it is suggested to
limit the use of such kind of news and spend the time with family members in order to
reduce level of isolation.
 Further, it is also suggested that in health care provision, different rooms will be
developed to perform Yoga, meditation which calm people and reduce level of stress.
This exercises also provides well sleep and eating patterns that leads to reduce the
chances of anxiety and stress. Perform Yoga and meditation at least once in a day that
provides normal breathing and also leads to creates positive impact upon health as well.
 Apart from this, it is also suggested to develop cognitive behaviour therapies that assist to
cope up with physiological stress response. In addition to this, face to face meeting are
used that helps to cope up with such problem. That is why, virtual contacts are increases
and that is why, individuals must raise their knowledge with such work that feel positive.
Conclusion
From the primary data collection methods, it has been concluded that majority of the
respondents are belongs to India and the lock down period is near about 3 months which affect
emotional well-being of the respondents in opposite manner. As the study clearly reflected that
most of the selected participants live approximately 3 people and that is why, they feel happy
because they live in a family where they share their emotions which supports their emotional
well-being. Apart from this, the selected respondents are students and that is why, it is quite
tough to spend the time. While on the other side, due to quarantine most of the people affected
by disease like, anxiety, distress and felling of trapped that leads to affect their mental status.
Actually, most of the people are used to travel for their business purpose with an aim of earning,
but this lock down system affect the entire system in negative manner especially to adults. Apart
from this, study also concluded that most of the people are socially isolated which in turn
increase the feeling of frustration. Hence, it can be said that this pandemic leads to affect the
mental and physical status of people which includes depression, anger, irritation etc. Overall, this
lock down period leads to emotional well-being due to loneliness and this is especially found in
adults and that is why, they commit suicide. From the primary study, it has been further
concluded that most of the respondents faces worrying thoughts in their mind which leads to

provoke them to take wrong decision. Also, these negative thoughts will also lead to cause
change in emotional and mental fitness in negative manner. On the other side, some of the adults
feels that this lock down period is relaxing mode and that is why, most of them are agreed with
the same.
In addition to this, majority of the people are live with their family i.e. around 6 people
and that is why, they did not feel isolated, rather than this, people start performing extra activities
that leads them to cope up with this situation. Like Yoga, Meditation, busy in their working,
artistic work, cooking etc. Along with this, results clearly indicates that most of them attain their
goals despite facing difficulties and also start accepting the changes which makes them a good
learner rather than failure. Further, emotional well-being is directly affected by lock down and
that is why people start investing their time in other activities like most of them indulge
themselves in cooking walks, virtual contacts and social distancing meet ups to cope up with
adverse situation. Also, to increase the immunity system, selected respondents are agreeing that
they perform range of activities to stay healthy and strong, along with this, respondents are doing
self- care activities which are used to manage the anxiety level. Such that majority of selected
participants are performing activities at daily basis in order to manage their emotional well-
being, while some of them uses social media to stay updated with the current affairs. Though the
lock-down period in India is so long as compared to other countries because of having 2nd largest
populated country in world. But people are also emotional stable and that is why, not much
individuals affected from this period because if having strong support from family. With the help
of secondary study, it has been concluded that social isolation is lead to anxiety and depression
among adults. On the another hand, it is also analysed that most of the people have to left their
jobs and income security during this pandemic crisis which in turn also leads to cause increase
depression and anxiety that causes negative impact upon emotional well- being. Even many
study also revealed that the level of anxiety is high during initial period of lock down and that is
why, World Health Organization also takes necessary precautions to tackle the negative impact
of spread of virus on psychological health and well-being. Also, from the data collected through
questionnaire of 147 respondents, it is clearly reflected that every individual adult has their own
views with regards to future (from September 2020 onward). Like some of them stated no travel,
get vaccine at urgent basis, personal issues etc. But there is a direct impact upon metal status of
people and they all suffering from their own difficulties during the lock down as well. Thus, it is

clearly reflected that there is a direct impact upon emotional well-being due to lock down
situation and this in turn force people to make wrong decision as well.

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Appendix
Questionnaire
1. Where did you hear about this survey?
 Social media
 Email
 Word of Mouth
 Gym
 2. Do you live in India?
 Yes
 No
2.a. If No, please specify from which country are you?
2.b. which part of India?
 East
 West
 South
 North
3. What age bracket do you fall under?
 <18
 18-29
 30-39
 40-49
 50-59
 60-65
 >65
4. What gender are you?
 Male
 Female
 Non-binary
 Prefer not to say
5. How many people do you live with? (excluding children)

6. How many people do you live with? (Including children)
7. How would you describe your occupation? (please specify)
8. What was your work status before the lockdown?
9. What is your work status now?
10. I am experiencing increased anxiety due to Covid-19?
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
10.a. Worrying thoughts go through my mind
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
10.b. I feel anxious all the time
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
10.c. Anxiety is disturbing my sleep more than pre lockdown
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
10.d. I have generally been feeling calm
 Strongly agreed
 agreed

 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
11. This lockdown period has been calmer for me
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
11.a. This lockdown period has felt more relaxed
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
11.b. I have been feeling isolated/alone
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
11.c. I can achieve goals despite difficulties
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
11.d. I can adapt to change
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral

 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
11.e. I can handle unpleasant feelings
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
12. I have been trying to embark on the following extra practices to maintain good emotional
wellbeing since the lead up to the lockdown: (Tick any that may apply)
 Supplements
 Cooking
 Aerobic exercise (Jog/running)
 Walks
 Yoga
 Mindfulness
 meditation
 Virtual contract and social distancing meet ups
 Others
12.a. If you selected Other, please specify:
12.b. As you've selected "supplements", please indicate specificaly which ones:
13. During the lockdown I have managed to start or maintain the following activities to
preserve/improve my emotional wellbeing: (Tick any that may apply)
 Supplements
 Cooking
 Aerobic exercise (Jog/running)
 Walks
 Yoga
 Mindfulness
 meditation
 Virtual contract and social distancing meet ups

 Others
13.a. a If you selected Other, please specify:
13.b. As you've selected "supplements", please indicate specificaly which ones
14. I feel these activities have helped preserve/improve my emotional wellbeing
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
15. Have you tested positive for Covid-19?
 Yes
 No
15.a. If yes what was the result?
 Yes
 No
15.b. What were your symptoms if you had Covid-19?
16. I feel that I have had Covid-19 despite not being tested
 Yes
 No
 I don't know
 prefer not to say
17. I feel that I am doing enough self-care activities to boost my immune system
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
18. I would value more professional support with self-care to boost my immune system
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral

 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
19. I feel that I am doing enough self-care activities to manage my anxiety levels
 Strongly agreed
 agreed
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
20. How often did you practice the activities you used for your emotional wellbeing?
21. What information would you like to have to hand that you haven’t found?
22. Describe the day you had yesterday. Include emotions, feelings and activities:
23. In your own words what has been the high and low points of the lockdown period?
24. What are your hopes and fears of the future from September 2020 onwards?
25. What has helped me most is…
26.What I have found most difficult is…
27. My biggest worry is
28. I most miss…

Appendix -2
gender * I am experiencing increased anxiety due to Covid-19
Crosstab
I am experiencing increased anxiety due to
Covid-19
Total
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutr
al
Disagre
e
Strongly
disagree
gend
er
Male
Count 10 24 16 9 2 61
% within gender 16.4% 39.3% 26.2% 14.8% 3.3% 100.0
%
% within I am
experiencing
increased
anxiety due to
Covid-19
35.7% 46.2% 42.1% 56.2% 25.0% 43.0%
% of Total 7.0% 16.9% 11.3% 6.3% 1.4% 43.0%
Femal
e
Count 18 27 22 7 6 80
% within gender 22.5% 33.8% 27.5% 8.8% 7.5% 100.0
%
% within I am
experiencing
increased
anxiety due to
Covid-19
64.3% 51.9% 57.9% 43.8% 75.0% 56.3%
% of Total 12.7% 19.0% 15.5% 4.9% 4.2% 56.3%
Non-
binary
Count 0 1 0 0 0 1
% within gender 0.0% 100.0
%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0
%

% within I am
experiencing
increased
anxiety due to
Covid-19
0.0% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%
Total
Count 28 52 38 16 8 142
% within gender 19.7% 36.6% 26.8% 11.3% 5.6% 100.0
%
% within I am
experiencing
increased
anxiety due to
Covid-19
100.0% 100.0
%
100.0
% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0
%
% of Total 19.7% 36.6% 26.8% 11.3% 5.6% 100.0
%
gender * Worrying thoughts go through my mind
Crosstab
Worrying thoughts go through my mind Total
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutr
al
Disagre
e
Strongly
disagree
gend
er
Male Count 4 26 22 5 3 60
% within gender 6.7% 43.3% 36.7% 8.3% 5.0% 100.0
%
% within
Worrying
thoughts go
through my
mind
20.0% 45.6% 55.0% 31.2% 37.5% 42.6%
% of Total 2.8% 18.4% 15.6% 3.5% 2.1% 42.6%

Femal
e
Count 16 30 18 11 5 80
% within gender 20.0% 37.5% 22.5% 13.8% 6.2% 100.0
%
% within
Worrying
thoughts go
through my
mind
80.0% 52.6% 45.0% 68.8% 62.5% 56.7%
% of Total 11.3% 21.3% 12.8% 7.8% 3.5% 56.7%
Non-
binary
Count 0 1 0 0 0 1
% within gender 0.0% 100.0
% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0
%
% within
Worrying
thoughts go
through my
mind
0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%
Total
Count 20 57 40 16 8 141
% within gender 14.2% 40.4% 28.4% 11.3% 5.7% 100.0
%
% within
Worrying
thoughts go
through my
mind
100.0% 100.0
%
100.0
% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0
%
% of Total 14.2% 40.4% 28.4% 11.3% 5.7% 100.0
%