Human Resources Life Cycle Stages and Functional Areas

This assignment delves into the concept of Human Resources (HR) life cycle, which includes stages such as planning, recruitment, selection, training, performance evaluation, compensation, benefits, and employee turnover. It also explores organization functional areas, including HR as a department within an organization's structure, responsible for managing workforce-related activities. The assignment aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of HR life cycle stages and organization functional areas, making it relevant for students studying human resource management or related fields.

The Hospitality
Business Toolkit

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 The principles of managing and monitoring the financial performance.................................3
P2. Double entry book keeping system........................................................................................4
P3. Balance off rule in order to complete the ledger...................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Different stages of HR life cycle and their importance in talent management.......................8
P5 Develop the management plan for particularly hospitality job role applying techniques to
resolve negative behaviour and issues of staff retention...........................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
P6 Specific legislation that a hospitality organisation ..............................................................12
P7 Employment and contract law has potential impact on business decision making..............12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13
P8 Functional roles within hospitality sector.............................................................................13
P9 Different method of communication....................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
In present time, hospitality industries are becoming a most part of raising economy of
country. This sector understand the needs and demand of customers and provide them best
services that attracts them and earns more profits (Harrington and Voehl, 2016). The Carnival
UK is a British cruise line operator company that emphasis on providing good services like
accommodation, food and beverages as well as travelling services that gives better satisfaction to
customers. Such organization is attracts customer by providing better services that helps to
maintain the profit. The human resource of such organization plays an essential role within
organization and retain employees for long term. The HR department also deals with identifying
issues within the organization and make policies to deal with such issues for achieving business
objectives. In present time it has more than hundred ships in which employees offers different
services such as food, accommodation, bars, event organize etc. This report discusses about
different functional area, principles that helps to monitor and manage financial information,
double entry system, trial balance, HR life cycle, performance management plan for hospitality
role, hospitality legislations and contract laws that helps to make business decision.
TASK 1
P1 The principles of managing and monitoring the financial performance
Every organisation are running their business by managing the business activities and
monitoring business performance. Finance is a need of every business which is needed in every
place to run business, expand and improve the business performance. It is the duty of managers
to collect information, analysis them, manage and monitor them for the purpose of making
profits. Such as Carnival is a well known industry in hospitality sector whose manager collects
information, manage business activities and monitor them for the purpose of improving financial
performance (Jayaweera, 2015). Herein, some principles that helps to manage the financial
performance of company which are elaborated as:
Budget must be properly formed: This means manager of business organization should
be prepare budget that should be properly in format and all transaction should be involved in
such budget. Such as manager of Carnival analysis the financial performance of company and
prepare budget every year appropriately, that helps to increase the financial performance.

Budget should be base on effective analysis: This means budget which is prepared by
managers should be effective. In other words, budget should be prepare according to mission and
goals of organization. Such as manager of Carnival uses different techniques to achieve the
business goals. It focuses on financial performance of company and make plans accordingly.
Financial budget should be compare with daily basis budget: This principle says that
organization should make financial budget after comparing with other budget that helps to
maintain the profitability. Such as manager of Carnival make daily basis budget and compares
with actual financial budget that helps to improve the financial performance.
Match cash flow: This is another principle that helps to improve the financial
performance of company. All activities such as operating activity, investment and financial
activity should be match within organization that helps to attain goals. Manager of Carnival
prepare cash flow statement every year by involving all income and expenses that helps to
improve the financial performance (Nayak and Taylor, 2018).
Therefore, it has been recommended that Carnival's manager should prepare budget
appropriately by involving all transaction that helps to make profit margin. They should focus on
business performance by management, analysing and controlling the information. It helps top
achieve business objectives effectively.
P2. Double entry book keeping system
Double entry bookkeeping system is a system which is used by all organization to
maintain the records of all transactions effectively. It consider entry both side like debit and
credit of Journal books. In reference to Carnival, focus on bookkeeping and all accounting
equations that helps to make business decisions effectively. To understand this few transactions
are as shows:

P3. Balance off rule in order to complete the ledger
Trial balance is a important document for company in which manager updates income
and expenses by using double entry system. Manager of Carnival prepare trial balance by using
all informations and shows profitability. In addition, balancing off rule is accounting rule says
that account balance at the start of an accounting period should be treated as beginning balance
or the opening balance. This rule is useful for organization as it helps to to complete the ledger
by considering all informations and make efforts to achieve business goals effectively (Kysilka
and Csaba, 2013). The Trial balance of Carnival Company has been shows as:
Therefore, Trial balance of Carnival company defines purchase, sales, cash availability,
bank overdraft limit and kitchen expenses that helps to make business decision accordingly. By
focusing and monitoring on such expenses manager can control excess expenses that helps to
improve financial performance.
TASK 2
P4 Different stages of HR life cycle and their importance in talent management
HR means Human resource who plays an important role within organization to maintain
the workforce, planning, organizing directing and controlling the business activities. The HR is
a person who build some policies and regulation for the welfare of organization. It understand
the problem of all employees and solve their issue effectively. HR department of any

organization analysis employee's performance and business activities then give appraisals to well
performer employees. It helps to motivate employees and they work more efficiently. Such as
HR of Carnival Plc company focuses on employee's needs and provide them different types of
facilities that make feel them good and helps to retain them for long term. Different stages of HR
life cycle are as defines that can be apply in particularly hospital job role that helps to retain and
develop talent (Stages of HR life cycle, 2019).
Recruitment - This means a business can be grow effectively by hiring the right people.
Recruitment refers a process or stage in which HR manager recruit or hire right candidate
according to organization needs and helps to grow business continuously. Hiring decision plays
an essential role in turnover, growth and productivity. The HR manager of Carnival play this
crucial role effectively by recruiting good chef for their hotel industry. This phase is important
for all organization that helps to maintain the productivity in business organization.
Education – This means training and development programme in which employees get
education and they works effectively. This phases is used to communicate with company's
culture and values, training to new hiring until they understand their job's duties or
responsibilities that helps to run a business activities. In Carnival Plc, manager provides training
to its employees that helps to work effectively. HR manager play an essential role in this process
as it understand employees needs and lead employees by assigning work between employees
according to their qualification, that helps achieve business goals. HR of chosen organization
building bonds with its staff and trained them by giving good cooking education that make feel
them confident and they works effectively (Pirani. and Arafat, 2016).
Motivation – It consider as main role or phases within organization that helps to grow a
business with the help of employees. Motivation play an vital role that helps to get highest
turnover in any organization. HR department of Carnival Plc make strategic plans for employees
motivation and giving them compensation and benefit that helps to increase productivity. HR
gives many benefits to employees such as bonus, appraisals, promotion etc. that motivates
employees for long term and increase productivity. By using motivation phases an organization
can grow effectively.
Evaluation – In this phase of HR life cycle, supervisor of an organization evaluates and
measures employee's performance and make business decision accordingly. It helps to evaluate
employee's performance that helps to work effectively. The HR manager of Carnival industry

evaluate employee's performance and supports them that helps to increase employee's
confidence. Moreover, evaluation of performance helps to boost employee's morale within
organization (Weinstein and Morritt, 2012).
Celebration – This is ending stage of HR life cycle in which employees as well as
employer feel better after providing better services to customers. In this phase businesses find a
way to call out worker achievements in short period. In Carnival Plc manger recognized their
employees for their well performance and hard work with corporate communications, give
benefits and increased compensation. Therefore, this is also good phases of HR life cycle in
which both employer and employees celebrate their achievements and it helps to retain them.
Importance for retaining and developing talent
HR life cycle is important for organization as it helps to run a business business
continuously by recruiting, selecting, motivating and evaluating the employee's performance.
Such as Carnival Plc's manager recruits skilled and experienced people in preparing food and
beverages, selects them and motivate them that helps to retain employees for long term. Thus,
HR life cycle is a process which is used by organization to retain employees and developing their
talent by providing training and educational programme. It is helpful for Carnival Plc that to
expand their business with the help of employees and their talent. Thus, it employees retain for
long term within organization (Zoweil and Montasser, 2012).
P5 Develop the management plan for particularly hospitality job role applying techniques to
resolve negative behaviour and issues of staff retention
Management plan – This can be consider as blueprint for organization in which managers
manages day to day and long term business activities effectively. Management plans are
prepared by manager of business organization in which they make plans to handling business
activities, money handling, solving employee's issues etc. all are handled by this management
plan. The manager of Carnival Plc prepare a management plan for hospitality role that helps to
perform business effectively. It is generally based on different things which are given below:
Assess the situation: This is first step of preparing management plan in which individual
need to know where they are and where they want to go. For getting job role in hospitality
industry a person should collect present data of company by including sales and customer
feedback. Therefore, for getting job in Carnival Plc candidates assess their situation, get

information about company, identify strength and weakness for the purpose of managing all
business activities effectively.
Determine desired values and outcomes: In this phase a person should determine
values and outcomes which company want to achieve and also need to state clearly. The
management team of Carnival clarify the vision and mission of company fort the purpose of
achieving desire outcomes. It helps to maintain the productivity by managing the business plan.
Set measurable goals: This means manager of hospitality industry should set the
measurable goals for the welfare of organization. Such as Carnival Plc value customer service
for the purpose of getting their feedback that helps to increase profitability. The manager of
Carnival has decided to increase their sale 10% by 2020 which is goal of business organization.
For achieving this goal manager and employees of such organization will make strategies for
attaining this goals (Awe, 2012).
Create accountability system: This means there should be a develop system that helps
to evaluate progress for the purpose of achieving business goals. Such as manager of Carnival
who is playing an important role put different staff members in charge of domains and they
become responsible to achieve goals in given period.
Evaluate and review: This is ending phase of setting a management plan that helps to
evaluate and review company progress. Such as manager of Carnival plc create formal protocols
to assess the progress. They uses technologies and other system to evaluate the performance as it
helps to achieve business objectives (Santhanam and et.al., 2018).
Applying technique to resolve negative behaviour and overcome issues of staff retention
Hire the right people : This mean HR manger should hire right person for right job that
helps to achieve business objectives. In Carnival Plc manager select best experienced chef and
positive attitude people that helps to solve the negative behaviour and focuses on business goals.
Offer competitive benefits: Employees of any organization ca change their negative
behaviour and retain for long term in they are getting benefits, appraisals and other monetary
benefits from their organization. The HR manager of Carnival offers different types of
competitive benefits to its employees that make feel them integral part of organization and they
works for long term.
Listen employee's problem and provide solution: A HR manager manager should
listen employees problems smoothly and they should provide solution of such problems. Such as

manager of Carnival Plc understand employees issue and make effective policies that helps to
retain them for long time (Kassim and Alias, 2016).
Show the career path: Every person is highly concerned about their career that helps to
reduce the negativity and employees turnover. Manager of Carnival Plc focuses on employee's
career and provide them best opportunities that helps to retain them.
TASK 3
P6 Specific legislation that a hospitality organisation
Every organization should follow different rules and legislation which are important for
organization as well as employees. It provides safety and confidence to its employees who are
working within organization. Thus Carnival Plc is following different legislations which are as
given below:
Food and safety act, 1990: According to the act, food served by organisations should
comply with requirements related to food safety. It provides functions together with powers in
order to transfer standards for food. The aim behind the act is to protect health of public in
context to eatable food. The act is followed by managers of Company carnival Plc in which food
items are properly labelled, advertise together with well presented without misleading customers.
Data protection and confidentiality act, 1998: As per the legislation, it is mandatory
for entities to collect data for explicit addition to legitimate purposes. The personal data should
not be used or processed other then the stated purposes. The act protects data that is stored in
computer systems or paper filling systems. The employees Company Carnival plc has rights to
control their personal information and organisation can use the data for their domestic purposes
(Hannigan, 2018).
Equality Act, 2010: The aim behind governing the act was to consolidate, update as well
as supplementing regulations about anti discrimination and race relations. The managers of
Company Carnival Plc protect workforce against any type of discrimination at workplace. It also
protects them against harassment as well as victimisation in employment. It involves provisions
related with single sex services as well as disabilities (Blackham and Allen, 2019).
P7 Employment and contract law has potential impact on business decision making
Employment and contract law are associated with organization as it helps to run a
business independently. In contract law and employment law there should be a relation between

two people for the purpose of making right business decisions. It impact on businesses for
example Carnival Plc contracts with employees for providing services up to specified period and
give them best pay that helps to maintain the business at up position. If any person breach the
contract then other party can take legal action that may impacts negatively on business. Manager
of Carnival Plc follows employment act, equality act, contract law that helps to maintain the
relation between employer and employees for the purpose of achieving business objectives.
Another example is food and safety act which is following by Carnival Plc in order to
provide better quality of foods and they also contract with suppliers who provides raw material
and other equipment to running this business. Therefore, these laws impacts on business and
make profits. In case of breach of contract law second party can take legal actions as result
decrease in profits and conflicts among parties. And if organization does not follows
employment laws and do not provide benefits to employees then employees turn over increases.
As result Carnival Plc need to spent money for hiring again skilled and experienced people that
may be costly for businesses (Khassenov, 2016).
TASK 4
P8 Functional roles within hospitality sector
The different functional area within an organization helps to perform business effectively
and earn profits (Organization functional area. 2019). In Carnival Plc managers are performing
different functions which are described as:

Illustration 1: Organization functional area, 2019.
Source :Illustration 2: Organization functional area, 2019.
Planning: This is important function for every organization that helps to make plans and
implement accordingly for the purpose of achieving business objectives. The manager of
Carnival Plc perform this function by making plans that also helps to make effective business
decisions (Cartwright, 2016).
Organizing: This means organization need to organization all business activities for
achieving business objectives. Such as HR manager of Carnival Plc make business policies and
organize business performance that helps to attain business objectives.
Leading: This function is also important for all organization as they lead employees to
work effectively and give best results. The manager of Carnival Plc understand organization
needs and leading employees that helps to work effectively (Cascio and Boudreau, 2016).
Controlling: This function helps Carnival plc to control over business activities and
retain employees for long term within organization. This function is important for all
organization which are interrelated with each other and helps to achieve business objectives.

P9 Different method of communication
There are different types of method of communication, coordination and monitoring the
performance within organization that helps to increase value chain. In Carnival Plc there are
different department such as marketing, finance food and beverage, accounting, selling and HR
in which employees communicate, coordinate and monitor the performance for the purpose of
increasing value chain that are defined as:
Communication method
Oral communication: By using this method manager and employees communicate
thought and problems orally or speaking that helps to understand their feeling and get answers
instantly (Sipe, 2013).
Written communication: This is another method in which employees or employer share
thoughts by writing letter, emails, messages etc. that helps to strengthen value chain of business
organization.
Coordination method
Direct contact : In this method manager and employees can direct coordinate with each
other for the purpose of sharing information and completing target. As result they feel confident
that helps to increase value chain in organization (Lub, et.al., 2016).
Monitoring method
Continuous monitoring: This is very effective method which is used by Carnival Plc to
monitor the performance of employees and maintain the productivity as well as profitability.
This method helps to strength the value chain by maintain the profit level (van der Linden and
Hambleton, 2013).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that organization need to focus on their
financial performance by making plans and strategies that helps to achieve business goals
effectively. HR Life cycle process is useful for all industries as it helps to perform business
functions effectively and also helps to retain employees for long period. In addition, employment
law and contract law are follows by organization for making effective business decision for
running their business. Oral and written communication method helps to share ideas and
maintaining productivity in organization that strength value chain.

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Stages of HR life cycle. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://smallbusiness.chron.com/human-resources-life-cycle-62078.html>

Organization functional area. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Typical-hotel-organization-chart-showing-the-
GMs-position-and-the-line-staff-Source_fig1_279682339>
(Harrington and Voehl, 2016)(Jayaweera, 2015)(Nayak and Taylor, 2018)(Kysilka and Csaba,
2013)(Pirani. and Arafat, 2016)(Weinstein and Morritt, 2012)(Zoweil and Montasser, 2012)
(Awe, 2012)(Santhanam and et.al., 2018)(Kassim and Alias, 2016)(Hannigan, 2018)(Blackham
and Allen, 2019)(Khassenov, 2016)(Cartwright, 2016)(Cascio and Boudreau, 2016)(Sipe, 2013)
(Lub, et.al., 2016)(van der Linden and Hambleton, 2013)
Organization functional area. 2019 Stages of HR life cycle. 2019

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