Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Business Operations
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The provided content comprises a collection of research articles and studies that explore the concept of online word-of-mouth (WOM). The studies examine various aspects of WOM, including its impact on sales performance, customer relationships, and organizational management. Additionally, the content touches upon the role of social media in tourism, hospitality, and international advertising, as well as the challenges of managing customer relationships in the social media era. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of qualitative research methods, such as case studies and descriptive research, in understanding online WOM.
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The impact of social media on businesses in Saudi Arabia
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The impact of social media on businesses in Saudi Arabia
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References
Agarwal, N. & Yiliyasi, Y., 2010. Information quality challenges in social media. Proceedings of
the International Conference on Information Quality (ICIQ)., pp. 234-248.
Agnihotri, R., Kothandaraman, P., Kashyap, R. & Singh, R., 2012. Bringing “social” into sales:
the impact of salespeople’s social media use on service behaviors and value creation. Journal of
Personal Selling & Sales Management, 32(2), pp. 333-348.
Alkhowaiter, W., 2016, September. The power of Instagram in building small businesses. s.l.,
Springer International Publishing, pp. 59-64.
Alwagait, E., Shahzad, B. & Alim, S., 2015. Impact of social media usage on students’ academic
performance in Saudi Arabia. Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 51, pp. 1092-1097.
Andzulis, J. M., Panagopoulos, N. G. & Rapp, A., 2012. A review of social media and
implications for the sales process. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 32(3), pp.
305-316.
Arab, N., 2015. Saudi social media users ranked. Saudi. Arabs news.
Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. & Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issue—social media and
business transformation: a framework for research. Information Systems Research, 24(1), pp. 3-
13.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T. & Hansen, D., 2012. The impact of polices on government social
media usage: Issues, challenges, and recommendations. Government information quarterly,
29(1), pp. 30-40.
Boyd, D., 2014. It's complicated: The social lives of networked teens.Yale University Press.
Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y. & Rahman, M., 2013. Competing in the age of omnichannel retailing.
MIT Sloan Management Review, 54(4).
Chan, N. L. & Guillet, B. D., 2011. Investigation of social media marketing: how does the hotel
industry in Hong Kong perform in marketing on social media websites? Journal of Travel &
Tourism Marketing, 28(4), pp. 345-368.
Chan, Z. C., Fung, Y. L. & Chien, W. T., 2013. Bracketing in phenomenology: only undertaken
in the data collection and analysis process?. The Qualitative Report, 18(30).
Chung, C. & Austria, K., 2010. Social Media Gratification and Attitude toward Social Media
Marketing Messages: A Study of the Effect of Social Media Marketing Messages on Online
Shopping Value. Proceedings of the Northeast Business & Economics
Association.
Cottle, S., 2011. Media and the Arab uprisings of 2011. Journalism, 12(5), pp. 647-659.
References
Agarwal, N. & Yiliyasi, Y., 2010. Information quality challenges in social media. Proceedings of
the International Conference on Information Quality (ICIQ)., pp. 234-248.
Agnihotri, R., Kothandaraman, P., Kashyap, R. & Singh, R., 2012. Bringing “social” into sales:
the impact of salespeople’s social media use on service behaviors and value creation. Journal of
Personal Selling & Sales Management, 32(2), pp. 333-348.
Alkhowaiter, W., 2016, September. The power of Instagram in building small businesses. s.l.,
Springer International Publishing, pp. 59-64.
Alwagait, E., Shahzad, B. & Alim, S., 2015. Impact of social media usage on students’ academic
performance in Saudi Arabia. Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 51, pp. 1092-1097.
Andzulis, J. M., Panagopoulos, N. G. & Rapp, A., 2012. A review of social media and
implications for the sales process. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 32(3), pp.
305-316.
Arab, N., 2015. Saudi social media users ranked. Saudi. Arabs news.
Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. & Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issue—social media and
business transformation: a framework for research. Information Systems Research, 24(1), pp. 3-
13.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T. & Hansen, D., 2012. The impact of polices on government social
media usage: Issues, challenges, and recommendations. Government information quarterly,
29(1), pp. 30-40.
Boyd, D., 2014. It's complicated: The social lives of networked teens.Yale University Press.
Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y. & Rahman, M., 2013. Competing in the age of omnichannel retailing.
MIT Sloan Management Review, 54(4).
Chan, N. L. & Guillet, B. D., 2011. Investigation of social media marketing: how does the hotel
industry in Hong Kong perform in marketing on social media websites? Journal of Travel &
Tourism Marketing, 28(4), pp. 345-368.
Chan, Z. C., Fung, Y. L. & Chien, W. T., 2013. Bracketing in phenomenology: only undertaken
in the data collection and analysis process?. The Qualitative Report, 18(30).
Chung, C. & Austria, K., 2010. Social Media Gratification and Attitude toward Social Media
Marketing Messages: A Study of the Effect of Social Media Marketing Messages on Online
Shopping Value. Proceedings of the Northeast Business & Economics
Association.
Cottle, S., 2011. Media and the Arab uprisings of 2011. Journalism, 12(5), pp. 647-659.
3
Courtney, K. L., 2013. The use of social media in healthcare: organizational, clinical, and patient
perspectives. Enabling health and healthcare through ICT: available, tailored and closer. Student
Health Technology Information, Volume 183, pp. 244-248.
Creswell, J. W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches.. s.l.: Sage publications.
De Choudhury, M. et al., 2010. How does the data sampling strategy impact the discovery of
information diffusion in social media?. ICWSM, Volume 10, pp. 34-41.
Erdogmus, I. E. & Cicek, M., 2012. The impact of social media marketing on brand loyalty.
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 58, pp. 1353-1360.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A. & Alkassim, R. S., 2016. Comparison of convenience sampling and
purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), pp. 1-4.
Fuchs, C., 2017. Social media: A critical introduction.Sage.
Fuchs, C., Boersma, K., Albrechtslund, A. & Sandoval, M., 2013. Internet and surveillance: The
challenges of Web 2.0 and social media. s.l.: Routledge.
Gallaugher, J. & Ransbotham, S., 2010. Social media and customer dialog management at
Starbucks. MIS Quarterly Executive, 9(4).
Gerbaudo, P., 2012. Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism.. Pluto
Pres.
Ghannam, J., 2011. Social Media in the Arab World: Leading up to the Uprisings of 2011. , 3, ,
s.l.: Center for international media assistance.
Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S. & Lin, Z., 2013. Social media brand community and consumer behavior:
Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content. Information Systems
Research, 24(1), pp. 88-107.
Goud, P. S., 2016. Role of Social Media in Marketing. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 6(8).
Gray, D. E., 2013. Doing research in the real world. Sage.
Group, A.-H., 2017. Group Information. [Online] Available at: http://www.alhokair.com/
Gustafson, D. L. & Woodworth, C. F., 2014. Methodological and ethical issues in research using
social media: a metamethod of Human Papillomavirus vaccine studies.. BMC Medical Research
Methodology.
Hajli, M. N., 2014. A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal of
Market Research, 56(3), pp. 387-404.
Courtney, K. L., 2013. The use of social media in healthcare: organizational, clinical, and patient
perspectives. Enabling health and healthcare through ICT: available, tailored and closer. Student
Health Technology Information, Volume 183, pp. 244-248.
Creswell, J. W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches.. s.l.: Sage publications.
De Choudhury, M. et al., 2010. How does the data sampling strategy impact the discovery of
information diffusion in social media?. ICWSM, Volume 10, pp. 34-41.
Erdogmus, I. E. & Cicek, M., 2012. The impact of social media marketing on brand loyalty.
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 58, pp. 1353-1360.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A. & Alkassim, R. S., 2016. Comparison of convenience sampling and
purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), pp. 1-4.
Fuchs, C., 2017. Social media: A critical introduction.Sage.
Fuchs, C., Boersma, K., Albrechtslund, A. & Sandoval, M., 2013. Internet and surveillance: The
challenges of Web 2.0 and social media. s.l.: Routledge.
Gallaugher, J. & Ransbotham, S., 2010. Social media and customer dialog management at
Starbucks. MIS Quarterly Executive, 9(4).
Gerbaudo, P., 2012. Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism.. Pluto
Pres.
Ghannam, J., 2011. Social Media in the Arab World: Leading up to the Uprisings of 2011. , 3, ,
s.l.: Center for international media assistance.
Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S. & Lin, Z., 2013. Social media brand community and consumer behavior:
Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content. Information Systems
Research, 24(1), pp. 88-107.
Goud, P. S., 2016. Role of Social Media in Marketing. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 6(8).
Gray, D. E., 2013. Doing research in the real world. Sage.
Group, A.-H., 2017. Group Information. [Online] Available at: http://www.alhokair.com/
Gustafson, D. L. & Woodworth, C. F., 2014. Methodological and ethical issues in research using
social media: a metamethod of Human Papillomavirus vaccine studies.. BMC Medical Research
Methodology.
Hajli, M. N., 2014. A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal of
Market Research, 56(3), pp. 387-404.
4
Harb, Z., 2011. Arab revolutions and the social media effect. M/C Journal, 14(2).
Hennig-Thurau, T. et al., 2010. The impact of new media on customer relationships. Journal of
service research, 13(3), pp. 311-330.
He, W., Zha, S. & Li, L., 2013. Social media competitive analysis and text mining: A case study
in the pizza industry. International Journal of Information Management, 33(3), pp. 464-472.
Hudson, S. & Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process:
Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(1-2), pp. 156-
160.
Hughes, D. J., Rowe, M., Batey, M. & Lee, A., 2012. A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook
and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), pp.
561-569.
Humphreys, L., 2013. Mobile social media: Future challenges and opportunities. Mobile Media
& Communication, 1(1), pp. 20-25.
Julig, L., 2014. Four ways to measure the impact of Social Media: A Case Study. Social Media
Examiner. Retrieved from <http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/sap-
measure-social-media-impact/>
Kaplan, A. M. & Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and
opportunities of Social Media.. Business horizons, 53(1), pp. 59-68.
Kim, A. J. & Ko, E., 2010. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An
empirical study of luxury fashion brand. Journal of Business Research, 65(10), pp. 1480-1486..
King, R., Racherla, P. & Bush, V., 2014. What we know and don't know about online word-of-
mouth: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(3), pp. 167-
183.
Kirtiş, A. K. & Karahan, F., 2012. To be or not to be in social media arena as the most cost-
efficient marketing strategy after the global recession. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,
Volume 24, pp. 260-268.
Kumar, V. & Mirchandani, R., 2012. Increasing the ROI of social media marketing. MIT Sloan
Management Review, 54(1), p. 55.
Lambert, V. A. & Lambert, C. E., 2012. Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design.
Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), pp. 255-256.
Lenhart, A. et al., 2015. Teens, social media & technology overview 2015, Pew Research Center
[Internet & American Life Project].
Harb, Z., 2011. Arab revolutions and the social media effect. M/C Journal, 14(2).
Hennig-Thurau, T. et al., 2010. The impact of new media on customer relationships. Journal of
service research, 13(3), pp. 311-330.
He, W., Zha, S. & Li, L., 2013. Social media competitive analysis and text mining: A case study
in the pizza industry. International Journal of Information Management, 33(3), pp. 464-472.
Hudson, S. & Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process:
Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(1-2), pp. 156-
160.
Hughes, D. J., Rowe, M., Batey, M. & Lee, A., 2012. A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook
and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), pp.
561-569.
Humphreys, L., 2013. Mobile social media: Future challenges and opportunities. Mobile Media
& Communication, 1(1), pp. 20-25.
Julig, L., 2014. Four ways to measure the impact of Social Media: A Case Study. Social Media
Examiner. Retrieved from <http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/sap-
measure-social-media-impact/>
Kaplan, A. M. & Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and
opportunities of Social Media.. Business horizons, 53(1), pp. 59-68.
Kim, A. J. & Ko, E., 2010. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An
empirical study of luxury fashion brand. Journal of Business Research, 65(10), pp. 1480-1486..
King, R., Racherla, P. & Bush, V., 2014. What we know and don't know about online word-of-
mouth: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(3), pp. 167-
183.
Kirtiş, A. K. & Karahan, F., 2012. To be or not to be in social media arena as the most cost-
efficient marketing strategy after the global recession. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,
Volume 24, pp. 260-268.
Kumar, V. & Mirchandani, R., 2012. Increasing the ROI of social media marketing. MIT Sloan
Management Review, 54(1), p. 55.
Lambert, V. A. & Lambert, C. E., 2012. Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design.
Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), pp. 255-256.
Lenhart, A. et al., 2015. Teens, social media & technology overview 2015, Pew Research Center
[Internet & American Life Project].
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Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H. & Buhalis, D., 2013. Social media in tourism and hospitality:
A literature review. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), pp. 3-22.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.
Health promotion practice, 16(4), pp. 473-475.
Macnamara, J. & Zerfass, A., 2012. Social media communication in organizations: The
challenges of balancing openness, strategy, and management. International Journal of Strategic
Communication, 6(4), pp. 287-308.
Malthouse, E. C. et al., 2013. Managing customer relationships in the social media era:
introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive Marketing,, 27(4), pp. 270-280.
Mangold, W. G. & Faulds, D. J., 2009. Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion
mix. Business horizons,, 52(4), pp. 357-365.
Manovich, L., 2011. Trending: The promises and the challenges of big social data. Debates in the
digital humanities. Volume 2, pp. 460-475.
Marshall, G. W., Moncrief, W. C., Rudd, J. M. & Lee, N., 2012. Revolution in sales: The impact
of social media and related technology on the selling environment. Journal of Personal Selling
& Sales Management, 32(2), pp. 349-363.
Okazaki, S. & Taylor, C. R., 2013. Social media and international advertising: theoretical
challenges and future directions. International marketing review, 30(1), pp. 56-71.
Qualman, E., 2010. Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do
business. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons.
Rodriguez, M., Peterson, R. M. & Ajjan, H., 2015. CRM/social media technology: impact on
customer orientation process and organizational sales performance. In: Ideas in Marketing:
Finding the New and Polishing the Old. Cham: Springer, pp. 636-638.
Rodriguez, M., Peterson, R. M. & Krishnan, V., 2012. Social media’s influence on business-to-
business sales performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 32(3), pp. 365-
378.
Safko, L., 2010. The social media bible: tactics, tools, and strategies for business success. John
Wiley & Sons.
Samin, N., 2012. Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the social media moment. Arab Media & Society,
Volume 15, pp. 146-65.
Shirk, J. et al., 2012. Public participation in scientific research: a framework for deliberate
design. Ecology and Society, 17(2).
Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H. & Buhalis, D., 2013. Social media in tourism and hospitality:
A literature review. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), pp. 3-22.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.
Health promotion practice, 16(4), pp. 473-475.
Macnamara, J. & Zerfass, A., 2012. Social media communication in organizations: The
challenges of balancing openness, strategy, and management. International Journal of Strategic
Communication, 6(4), pp. 287-308.
Malthouse, E. C. et al., 2013. Managing customer relationships in the social media era:
introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive Marketing,, 27(4), pp. 270-280.
Mangold, W. G. & Faulds, D. J., 2009. Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion
mix. Business horizons,, 52(4), pp. 357-365.
Manovich, L., 2011. Trending: The promises and the challenges of big social data. Debates in the
digital humanities. Volume 2, pp. 460-475.
Marshall, G. W., Moncrief, W. C., Rudd, J. M. & Lee, N., 2012. Revolution in sales: The impact
of social media and related technology on the selling environment. Journal of Personal Selling
& Sales Management, 32(2), pp. 349-363.
Okazaki, S. & Taylor, C. R., 2013. Social media and international advertising: theoretical
challenges and future directions. International marketing review, 30(1), pp. 56-71.
Qualman, E., 2010. Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do
business. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons.
Rodriguez, M., Peterson, R. M. & Ajjan, H., 2015. CRM/social media technology: impact on
customer orientation process and organizational sales performance. In: Ideas in Marketing:
Finding the New and Polishing the Old. Cham: Springer, pp. 636-638.
Rodriguez, M., Peterson, R. M. & Krishnan, V., 2012. Social media’s influence on business-to-
business sales performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 32(3), pp. 365-
378.
Safko, L., 2010. The social media bible: tactics, tools, and strategies for business success. John
Wiley & Sons.
Samin, N., 2012. Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the social media moment. Arab Media & Society,
Volume 15, pp. 146-65.
Shirk, J. et al., 2012. Public participation in scientific research: a framework for deliberate
design. Ecology and Society, 17(2).
6
Sigala, M., Christou, E. & Gretzel, U., 2012. Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality:
Theory, practice and cases. s.l.:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..
Stephen, A. T. & &Galak, J., 2012. The effects of traditional and social earned media on sales: A
study of a microlending marketplace. Journal of Marketing Research,, 49(5), pp. 624-639.
STC Telecom Company, 2017. Company Information. [Online] Available at: Retrieved
from http://www.stc.com.sa/wps/wcm/connect/english/stc/stclanding?
Taylor, A., 2017. 47 percent of the world’s population now use the Internet. [Online] Available
at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/11/22/47-percent-of-the-worlds-
population-now-use-the-internet-users-study-says/?utm_term=.f6ff75507d69.
Van Dijck, J., 2013. The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. s.l.:Oxford
University Press.
Väyrynen, K., Hekkala, R. & Liias, T., 2013. Knowledge protection challenges of social media
encountered by organizations. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,,
23(1-3), pp. 34-55.
Wang, X., Yu, C. & Wei, Y., 2012. Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase
intentions: A consumer socialization framework. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(4), pp.
198-208.
Yin, R. K., 2013. Case study research: Design and methods. s.l.:Sage publications.
Yu, Y., Duan, W. & Cao, Q., 2013. (2013). The impact of social and conventional media on firm
equity value: A sentiment analysis approach. Decision Support Systems, 55(4), pp. 919-926.
Sigala, M., Christou, E. & Gretzel, U., 2012. Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality:
Theory, practice and cases. s.l.:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..
Stephen, A. T. & &Galak, J., 2012. The effects of traditional and social earned media on sales: A
study of a microlending marketplace. Journal of Marketing Research,, 49(5), pp. 624-639.
STC Telecom Company, 2017. Company Information. [Online] Available at: Retrieved
from http://www.stc.com.sa/wps/wcm/connect/english/stc/stclanding?
Taylor, A., 2017. 47 percent of the world’s population now use the Internet. [Online] Available
at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/11/22/47-percent-of-the-worlds-
population-now-use-the-internet-users-study-says/?utm_term=.f6ff75507d69.
Van Dijck, J., 2013. The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. s.l.:Oxford
University Press.
Väyrynen, K., Hekkala, R. & Liias, T., 2013. Knowledge protection challenges of social media
encountered by organizations. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,,
23(1-3), pp. 34-55.
Wang, X., Yu, C. & Wei, Y., 2012. Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase
intentions: A consumer socialization framework. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(4), pp.
198-208.
Yin, R. K., 2013. Case study research: Design and methods. s.l.:Sage publications.
Yu, Y., Duan, W. & Cao, Q., 2013. (2013). The impact of social and conventional media on firm
equity value: A sentiment analysis approach. Decision Support Systems, 55(4), pp. 919-926.
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