The Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Effects of Hormones

THE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
Reproductive system can be defined as that system which consists of organs related to sex
who work together for the core objective of sexual reproduction. Fluids, hormones, pheromones
are also main part of the reproductive system. Present report will lay emphasis on structure and
function of male and female reproductive system. It will also evaluate the effects of oestrogen,
testosterone and progesterone on the reproductive system. Assignment also laid emphasis on
summarising the journey taken by the gametes to achieve fertilisation. It will also – explain how
IVF could help the couple to achieve fertilisation. Study will also explain the role of placenta.
TASK 1
Diagram of male and female reproductive system
Figure 1 Reproductive system
(Source: Male and female reproductive system, 2017)
Structure of the male and female reproductive organs relate to their function
Female: It has been analyzed that female vagina is been connected with the uterus at the cervix
which means the neck. The cervix in female body is made up of thick walls. During the time of
childbirth, the cervix expands so that the child could pass from the female body. It has also been
analyzed that there is no direct connection between the ovaries and oviduct also known as
fallopian tube. This tube has the function of transferring sperms of male to the egg in suitable
environment so that the process of fertilization can take place properly.

The egg is been transferred with the help of peritoneal fluid that is being delivered by the
fimbriae. The ovaries are been presented on the other side of uterus, they exist within the
peritoneal cavity and attached to the uterus with the help of fibrous cord. Uterus is mainly a
muscular organ that has a shape of pear. It is a main part of the female reproductive system. It is
placed between the bladder and the rectum. The main function and purpose of the uterus is to
nourish and house a fertilized egg. In uterus the embryo is also been embedded. It is because the
uterine wall is being presented in it. The lowered portion of the uterus is also known as the
cervix. It is being formed by the two narrow layer of the tissue.
Male: The organs in the male reproductive system are being linked together. They are also
engaged in performing various types of functions. Epididiymis is the tube which narrow and
tight connected with the male testicles. This organ store sperms during the time of maturation. It
has also been analyzed that the Epididiyms consists of the three parts that includes head, tail and
body. They are useful for storing of the sperm and helps in the time of maturation. The
Ejaculatory Ducts are the structure which is being paired in the male anatomy. This duct is
mainly formed by uniting the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. It has been
analyzed that this duct has the main function of transferring the sperm from the testes to urethra.
The sperms are being stored in the vas deferens and they are being stored prior to the ejaculation
process conducted by the male anatomy.
The main function of the vas deferens is to carry sperm to the penis. Vas deferens connects
the urethra and Epididiyms as it was placed between them. The main function of Urethra is to
carry urine from the balder to outside the body. It has been analyzed that during the time of sex
penis is erect and it blocks the flow of urine from the urethra. It only allows semen to be
ejaculated. The main function of the accessory gland is to enable the spermatozoa so that the
urethral tract is been clears and the process of ejaculation took place properly.
Effects of oestrogen, testosterone and progesterone
Organ Effect
Estrogen It has been analyzed that the estrogen lays
impact on the several parts of the body. If the
level of estrogen in the body is high than it can
cause several issues like acne and constipation.
It can also cause the severe problem in human

body like suffering from breast cancer
(Yoshida, 2020). This can reduce the quality of
life of individual. It has also been analyzed if
in human body the level of estrogen is low than
it can cause several problems like poor growth
of bone and menopausal symptoms. Estrogen
also has an impact on the urinary tract. It
maintains the heart and blood vessels. It assists
on proper functioning of the bones, brain and
the pelvic muscles in female body. It also
assists in maintain the reproductive system and
public hair. Fat tissue and adrenal glands
produces estrogen.
Testosterone Testosterone also have impact on the male
body. It is necessary for the growth of
hormones. It helps in increasing the bone
marrow of the male body and also assists in the
manufacturing red blood cells. It has been
analyzed that the male who have low level of
testosterone can suffer from the severe health
related problem. They can have frequent
fractures in bones. Testosterone also assists on
the production of the red blood cells. Sperms
are also being produce with help of it. If any
male has high level of Testosterone than they
can face several healths related problems like
acne, enlargement in breast, baldness. The
count of sperm cam also is reduced if the
Testosterone level in male is high. It can also
increase the count of red blood cells.
Progesterone Progesterone also have several impact, it can