Role of Public Health in Health and Social Care

This report discusses the role of public health in health and social care, including the identification of health levels and diseases, epidemiology, and strategies for disease control. It explores current priorities and approaches to providing services for people with diseases or illnesses, the relationship between disease prevalence and service requirements, and the impact of lifestyle on future health needs. It also examines health and well-being priorities, the effectiveness of strategies and policies, and changes that can be made to improve health and well-being.

ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in communities........1
1.2 Epidemiology of infectious and non-infectious diseases .....................................................2
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease.....4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
2.1 Current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with disease or
illness...........................................................................................................................................1
2.2 Relationship between the prevalence of disease and requirements of services to support
individuals within the health and social care provision..............................................................1
2.3 Current Lifestyle’s impact on Future Needs.........................................................................2
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................3
3.1 health and well being priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care setting.3
3.2 the effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care setting.........5
3.3 changes that could be made to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals.................5
3.4 activity to encourage behaviour change for maximising health............................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The following report includes the role of different agencies for identifying the different
levels of health and diseases in various communities. Various statistical data have been provided
along with the epidemiology of infectious as well as non infectious disease. It is also been known
about the effectiveness of various approaches and strategies fro the control of the incidence of
those diseases. Relationship between prevalences of diseases is also been discussed impact on
the current lifestyle as well as related choices.
TASK 1
Enclosed in brochure.
TASK 2
2.1 Current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with disease or
illness
There are several chronic diseases which are needed to be prevented, such as obesity,
cancer, diabetes, CVC etc. On the basis of basis of cited case situation death and illness related to
cardiovascular diseases are increasing with the very high pace. Hence, it is highly required for
the care units to take suitable measures for the prevention of such disease. Now, NHS is working
with Public Health England and laying emphasis on announcing a new drive for the prevention
of heart attacks and strokes. It is very crucial to search the priority in the diseases so that one can
take preventive measures to control the spread of these diseases.
HIV is a severe disease which has dangerous effects on the population of world.
Prevention of HIV should be considered as a priority settings of social care which can safeguard
people from this disease. Prevention is divided in the following steps:
Primary prevention
It is considered to be foremost preventive measure which is used to prevention people
from diseases through providing education to them about that illness and causes. There are two
types of programs which have been introduced and were CHAPs which was conducted to
prevent transmission of the disease by taking preventive measures while having intercourse.
NAHIP was introduced for mainly African communities which encourages a culture of safe
intercourse among them(Currie and et.al., 2009).
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Secondary Prevention
It consists of screening and detecting various pathogens which act as the carrier for
diseases. Many health care programs have been introduced such as NHS which test the blood of
every pregnant women and if they are found to be infected then certain preventive measures are
introduced to them so that it can stop the transmission of disease to the infant.
Tertiary Prevention
This is known as the last step for taking prevention which aims to provide care to the
patients who suffers from chronic diseases, under this Palliative care which is given to such
patients. It is regarded as the medical and emotional care is providing to patients and their family
which results in improving the quality of life. It does not guarantee to provide complete cure but
relief is given from the illness (Baum, 2016). NHS has introduced certain efforts for the
palliative care for diseases such as HIV and cancer. They have done huge investment to provide
training at palliative care centres which therefore provides services to the ill people.
2.2 Relationship between the prevalence of disease and requirements of services to support
individuals within the health and social care provision
Prevalence is defined as the proportion of the total population which is affected by a
disease. It provides various information regarding the number of individual that faces illness
among them which are being studied. Information provides us an idea for plan regarding services
which are given for particular problem.
Determining rates of prevalences helps to support individuals who are in health and
social care centres for identifying needs related to health. It helps them to conduct programs that
can be implemented to prevent diseases. Certain epidemiological tools which are used for
providing information regarding any disease which facilitates in taking preventive measures. For
an example, if individuals of health care would have knowledge related to the root cause which
causes disease and having the data relevant of the areas where population is most prone to certain
diseases, then they would target that particular area(El Ansari and et.al., 2011).
The data related to the spread of diseases not only helps to make plans for he program but
also determines the need of proving education to the population that would prevent it from
several diseases.
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Prior knowledge of the causes and their effects due to the disease is proven to be
beneficial for the health of individuals in the allocation of resources. It provides the idea for
prioritising the task and other resources. It can easily target the segment of the population which
has a higher risk by acknowledging it through data available due to various surveys. For example
if a particular area is known to be more susceptible to the disease which is known to be Lyme
then there are more resources which should be allocated for the particular area to provide them
treatment earliest as possible.
2.3 Current Lifestyle’s impact on Future Needs
Junk Food: With the significant change in social aspect, dominance of junk food has increased
in food consumption. Due to this, unhealthy eating habit has raised immensely and causing
several health issues such as obesity, blood pressure, diabetes, depression, cancer, tooth decay,
heart disease and several other. With this scenario, demand of health and social care services has
increased in terms of regular check-up, follow-up plans for check over blood pressure, obesity,
diabetes, gastric issue and other related. It is evident that 58% women and 68% men are
overweight in Britain which certainly raises the need of health and social care service.
Illustration 1: Consumption of junk food
(Source: Statistics on Obesity. 2017)
§
Smoking/Alcohol Consumption: Smoking and alcohol consumption among youngster has
become common which result into several health issues. With this, more of rehabilitation centre
and wards are demanded to offer care and support to individual that aim to stop smoking. Below
figure signifies that there is significant amount of downfall in smoker in the year 2016 but still
smoking is prevailing majorly among youngsters.
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Illustration 2: Smoking and alcoholic consumption
(Source: National statistics. 2017)
Beside this, alcohol consumption rate is increasing among youngster that affecting their health
severely and hence increasing the demand of health and social care service.
Illustration 3: Alcoholic consumption
(Source: Institute of Alcohol Studies. 2017)
Sexual Health: This is yet another concern due to rise in Sexually Transmitted Diseases across
UK. In this context, NHS and UK government has developed cerein program and campaign to
spread awareness related to same. Still, program need to be promoted for reducing the number of
patients of this nature.
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Work Culture: Business, now a day, has adopted flexi working culture which increases the
concept of night working and other related. This has affected the health of individual
significantly due to change in normal routine. Working on laptops, mobile phone, late night
meeting etc. leads to mental stress which outbreaks several mental issues. Through this, need of
health and social care service has demanded in this aspects as well (Patton and et.al., 2016).
TASK 3
3.1 health and well being priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care setting
Well being is a considered to be a particular situation in which the individual is perfectly
comfortable with the environment. The state of being well can be achieved only when that
person is healthy, happy and satisfied with the surroundings in which he lives. It can be further
classified as social, physical, environment al, economical etc. Well being and the health of the
individual is connected to each other with respect to many aspects. Different people suffers from
many type of diseases. The type and its effects can also determine the choice regarding well
being. Priorities should be crafted with respect to the effects of the particular disease.
Consider if a patient is suffering from acute stress disorder then that person gets treated
through social as well as environmental well being. The reason behind is that he has to deal with
the situations which are mentally related or also known as trauma which came into existence due
to some of the situations which were proven to be bad in his life at earlier phase of time. Social
well-being can be attain with the help of society , as society plays an important role as it
influence the emotions of every individual as they are the part of society and interacts with it
very frequently. So, therefore to cope up with these kind of situations one needs medical and
social treatment. Friends, family and he people who are around them are requested to provide
support to these kind of patients who needs emotional support (Patton and et.al., 2016).
Many patients requires emotional treatment as compared to medical treatment because
emotional dissemblances of individual is mainly cause due to the social impacts from other
people who surrounds him as human being is a social animal he needs to interact with other
human being and their activities affect them directly or indirectly.
Some of the factors are mentioned below which affects everyone's well-being and their health
also:
Physical health
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It refers to the body's ability to function properly. If body of a person is functioning
properly than he is regard to have a good physical health. If they wants to remain physically fit
then they need to obey some rules such as doing exercise daily, in-taking proper nutrients and
proper management of weight (Self Thomas and Randall, 2012).
Mental Health
Mentally sound person depicts the healthy state of mind. If person is taking some kind of
stress, tension then he is most prone to mental illness. It affects the proper functioning of human
brain.
Social Health
It is mostly generated through the bad environment with respect to social aspects. Having
a sound social health means keeping oneself and surrounding safe from other kind of diseases.
3.2 the effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care setting
Commonwealth fund has provided lots of appreciation to UK for the reason that it has
invests a lot in health care of the population of its nation. These health care settings always
comes up with certain new strategies and other policies which enables them to fight from the
diseases which exist in the community. For an example certain programs related to the resisting
the spread of HIV has been introduced so that they can reduce the transfer of STD(Reeves and
et.al., 2011).
Social Care services and related information
These kind of services are provide by social health care systems. The departments
provides assistance to the patients regarding the issues related to health. They also involves in
certain activities such as providing equipments, health care at home and financial support.
Information is an important factor for any health care providers (Blas and Kurup, 2010).
Information related to any disease and health ultimately helps in creating awareness among
people regarding that disease.
Policies regarding Home Care
Care home is the most efficient providers of health care and safety. They work under the
laws which are passed by the particular government. Its best policy is known to be complaint
policy in which a unsatisfied patient has the right to make a complaint to the department and
their management and actions for it are taken within three days.
Quality of Service Provision
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Providers of health care always keep a check for the related quality of the services which
are provided to the patients. They take feedbacks from every patients for their services.
3.3 changes that could be made to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals
The divisions of health care performs satisfactorily in their fields but there is always a
requirement for improving to making it better. Modifications are done in accordance to demands.
Policies which are applicable on adults are not compulsorily same for children. There are
different strategies for every categories of patients. Various health care centres that provides
remedial care to patients should have a focus on the environment as well. Their main duty is to
take care of the patients as well as the surrounding.
For example the complaint policy of home care fro unsatisfied patients are making it a
unique and effective step but involving family members can be a good idea as they know the
preferences and would confess it to carer which would ultimately lead them know about what
type of food should be provided (Staley, 2009)
. This would help the carers to know every thing and would mould all the activities in such a way
to make patient to feel better.
3.4 activity to encourage behaviour change for maximising health
Change of behaviour in an individual can be done with the implementation of good habits
in his life. Physical exercise is one the best habit that one should practice at every age to get fit.
Inculcating these habits from the days of childhood is proven to be more beneficial as they
become very active and can help in their adaptation. As stated that most widespread disease
among the people of every age is obesity and its remedy is related to the reduction of fat which
can be achieved by performing exercise and adopting healthy habits (Betancourt and et.al., 2016)
. There are many social health care systems which comes up with certain clubs for health care
which allows people of every generation do come and perform exercises and certain physical
activities, conducting various family sports or fest every month that allows the whole family to
take part. They should also focus on the daily schedules of people and also implements programs
according to it(Rose, Fleischman and Wykes, 2008).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that there are various organisation that keeps a check on the health
of the people directly as well as indirectly. Various reasons for food born disease can bee
unhealthy lifestyle and intake of contaminated food where as non-infectious disease which is
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immensely widespread among every generation is obesity which can be due to over eating of
junk foods, not having sufficient nutrients and one can exercise well to prevent this disease as it
can lead to born other chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and many more.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Baum, F., 2016. The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press.
Betancourt, J.R. and et.al., 2016. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for
addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public health reports.
Blas, E. and Kurup, A.S. eds., 2010. Equity, social determinants and public health programmes.
World Health Organization.
Currie, C. and et.al., 2009. Social determinants of health and well-being among young people.
Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. p.271.
El Ansari, W. and et.al., 2011. Health promoting behaviours and lifestyle characteristics of
students at seven universities in the UK. Central European journal of public health. 19(4).
p.197.
Patton, G.C. and et.al., 2016. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and
wellbeing. The Lancet. 387(10036). pp.2423-2478.
Reeves, S. and et.al., 2011. Interprofessional teamwork for health and social care (Vol. 8). John
Wiley & Sons.
Rose, D., Fleischman, P. and Wykes, T., 2008. What are mental health service users' priorities
for research in the UK?. Journal of Mental Health. 17(5). pp.520-530.
Self, A., Thomas, J. and Randall, C., 2012. Measuring national well-being: life in the UK, 2012.
Staley, K., 2009. Exploring impact: public involvement in NHS, public health and social care
research. National Institute for Health Research.
Valente, T.W., 2010. Social networks and health: Models, methods, and applications (Vol. 1).
New York: Oxford University Press.
Online
Statistics on Obesity. 2017. [PDF]. Available through:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/613532/
obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2017-rep.pdf.
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National statistics. 2017. [PDF]. Available through: < https://files.digital.nhs.uk/07/49FE46/sdd-
2016-rep-cor.pdf>.
Institute of Alcohol Studies. 2017. [Online]. Available through: < http://www.ias.org.uk/Alcohol-
knowledge-centre/Consumption/Factsheets/UK-alcohol-consumption.aspx>.
The Epidemiology of Obesity. 2010. [Online]. Available through
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2833287/>
Loop analysis for pathogens.2011.[online].Available Through
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