Public Health and Health Care Analysis

The given assignment is a detailed analysis of public health and healthcare, focusing on the importance of risk communication, cultural competence, and social determinants. It includes references to books and journals that highlight key concepts in these areas, including the health impact pyramid, obesity stigma, and the role of spending on social services. The summary also mentions an online resource for smoking cessation programs and a World Health Organization report on safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception.

The Role of Public
Health in Health and
Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and diseases in communities.....1
1.2 Using statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non infectious disease..2
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in
communities................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Relevant research to determine current priorities and approaches to the provision of
services........................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Relationship between the prevalence of disease and requirements of service to support
individuals...................................................................................................................................5
2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care service.........6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Health and well-being priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care setting
.....................................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Effectiveness of the strategies, systems and policies in a health of social care setting........7
3.3 Changes that could be made to improve the health and well-being of individuals...............8
3.4 Implementation of activities for improving social and health care.......................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Health is one of the important factors in every nation. Public health can be defined as an
art and discipline of avoiding disease. In this, various agencies are control the health and socials
work. Social care and public health is one of the important which concern by the government.
According to respective factors, numerous health factors are reported in all over the country. All
these factors involve strategies and policies which are related to the health management and they
updated these policies to control the issues (Stringhini and et.al., 2010). Different agencies are
responsible in defining level of the disease. These communities are World health organization
(WHO), Health protection Agency (HPA) and the Primary care trust. Present report is based on
the role of public health in health and social care sector which is more important to the every
person and country in order to understand the whole factors which are involve in this process.
Various approaches and strategies is mentioned in this report for measuring and controlling
implication, diseases in communities. Various elements affecting public health are also studied in
this essay.
TASK 1
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and diseases in communities
According to World Health Organization (WHO), National Health Service is the main
body which is answerable for implementing the health related activities which arise in the public.
The state secretary for health is Chief Governor who takes important responsibilities for defining
and managing all the activities related to health care. All government bodies as well as
authorities and other governor department is also involved in the secretary. They all provide and
give command and guidelines about the new researcher, management process of disease and
policies related to the drug management. The WHO is important function which provide the
support and effective service of the health care institution in the world. The organization also
evaluates and joins the forces in order to implement certain programs in health care sector.
There are different agencies are define the implementation of diseases and health in
communities it can be national and international (Puhl and Heuer, 2010). In the nations, local
authorities are more responsible which provide the best health care facilities in every location.
These types of communities are the main responder to define and make function which assist in
developing their process with other care providers. The agencies safeguard and encourage health
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with the help of public health act, novelty, control and company. Agencies play an important role
by analysing various diseases and its process of handling by conducting different types of test in
the laboratory. For protecting individuals, agencies encourage various health programs in order
to protect people from different injuries and sickness (Moorhead and et.al.2013).
World health organization (WHO) defines and tries their best to generate the worldwide
investigation which evaluate association of nationwide, universal, provincial and local research
which assist to investigate the health care centre regarding disease network. In this factor,
various academies also play an important role in inaction illness such as UK Community Health
Laboratory Service.
1.2 Using statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non infectious disease
According to the World Health Organization, epidemiology evaluates the study of
determination and distribution of health care events which are helpful in controlling health
problems and another issues arise in health of the people. It also collects the useful data to
monitor various disease and make effective investigation of occurrence which define the
controlling system of health problems. It defines that epidemiology is an effective process of
learning of cause which is related to the health action and learning presentation that is used in
controlling the problems and issues (Marmot and Bell, 2012). In this, different type of
approaches are used in this factors for transmitting epidemiological research. It is define use of
investigation process to study the cause of health and which are adopted by the institution for
studying spreading of disease. Occurrence of epidemiology diseases are the cause of incidents
such as defenceless groups, distribution of ecological and rates of occurrence.
Infectious disease such as HIV, it is spreading in the UK. There are defined statistical
data which is founded out, it is relate with it these mentioned as follows:
 101,200 people having HIV
 0.16 % adults having HIV
 New infection of HIV is 6,095
 594 people's are dead from HIV
 95% adults are on treatment of antiretroviral
Non infection diseases are diabetics which is most dangerous disease in the country. It is
non infected diseases in the people (Umberson and Karas Montez, 2010). When people and an
individuals suffering diabetic than it create and arise more problems which increase the chance
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of high blood pressure, heart attacks and other complication are arise in the people (Goldberg,
and McGee, 2011). Approx 700 peoples are found in a day who having diabetes, it define that a
single people found in every two minutes. Since the year 1996, several number of peoples who
suffering the diabetic in United Kingdom. Which are just double from approx 1.4 million in to
3.5 million. Other hand in the year 2015, there are some data of those people who are suffering
from diabetic in adult population in UK which are as follows:
Country Number of people
Northem Ireland
England
Scotland
Wales
84,836
2,913,538
271,312
183,348
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in
communities
There are several new and innovative strategies and development plan define by the
Health research organization which assist in reducing the tuberculosis from UK. In this different
strategies is implemented in the which are define as a key areas and success of these areas in
appropriate manner. Development of new vaccine: In 1921, the current vaccine was discovered in UK. It
assist in protecting approx 40,000 Chilterns in every year. There is needed to research
regarding the new vaccine because the HIV rate in increase speedily in the country. So
that the health care are also use important strategies to develop and research the new
vaccine. Development of effective drugs: Around 40 years ago the drugs was discovered and it is
hugely used by various institution. Normally it just used in the treatment of the people.
In this patients who are not able to take complete and proper drug so that may have TB
resistance drug. Development of better diagnosis: In this current method are also important which is used
for diagnosis like sputum smear microscopy. It is effective method which is 100 year old
for defining the patients (Frieden, 2010). This method is very time consuming. In this
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process there is needed to define and make effective research for new method in order to
identify the patients who are suffering from the TB.
 Introduction of innovation for control of TB: In this there are important requirement to
found the new and innovative methods which assist in controlling the TB. In UK the rate
of TB and HIV patients are increase speedily.
In order to stop and prevent diabetics, health care institution planed implementation process.
There are some steps which are follows as to prevent diabetics in UK:
 Effective awareness about the risk of diabetics.
 Give support ans advice to the people so that they are able to minimise the risk of
diabetics.
 Give and provide effective education to those people who surviving from diabetics which
assist in minimise the complication (Ford and Capewell, 2011).
 Provide useful information and education to people for maintaining the glucose level of
blood in the body.
TASK 2
2.1 Relevant research to determine current priorities and approaches to the provision of services
Whole world is facing the various problems and it cause is several illness and disease. In
these the HIV is very dangerous problems which is faced by the large number of people in the
world. It is these type of infection which is infected to other person in three ways. Which are as
follows:
 Sexual transmission
 Transmission of mother to child
 Transmission take place by the blood in body
According to these preventions different type of priorities are define in order to done in
effective manner. Some best and effective methods are evaluated out which helps in reducing the
risk.
 Counselling
 HIV testing
 Education of sex
 Circumcision
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 Planning about the family
In medical line there is no effective and appropriative medication are founded for
avoiding HIV. Taking and conducting best campaign and training programs are also reduce such
type of disease (Drummond and et.al., 2015). Best practice is also a important for human for
avoiding disease. In this education is one of the most important which is provide to school
children about the various problems which arise in the health. All methods of VOG have do in
pregnant mother check-up and also should make sure that child is not affected to it.
In order to reduce risk of the disease, there are some other priorities and approaches which is
used in order to providing service in communities: Disease prevention: It is essential part of medication which provide attention to suffering
people in order to ignoring the infectious disease which is related to the coordination of
groups. Treatment: There should be provide proper and best treatment to patients to reduce the
risk of disease. It include antiretroviral treatment and medicine which is define for
recovering from the diseases. Palliative care: In this it analysis the palliative care which is different from other health
care. It is focus ion inhibiting of patients. These medicine is used from that patients who
are suffering from last stage of ailment. And also for those people who are serve from
treatable infection.
 Remedial care: It is non residential domestic which helps in maintaining physical
incapabilities of teenagers.
2.2 Relationship between the prevalence of disease and requirements of service to support
individuals
Prevalence is define as the amount of old and existing circumstances and illness of event
in particular time. In HIV case, prevalence is define as a effective elements which is dividing
health meter's occurrence by evaluating the proportion of population indicator. In order to
provide social service to an individuals, it is more important which define the best facilities for
the patients. It also measure the effect of disease in nation. It also evaluating the successive
diseases. In HIV case there are number of peoples who are not aware about the infection. So that
it is also more important to maintain the information of the peoples who suffering from this
disease. So that it is very important to provide then useful and necessary education about the
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effects of disease which assist in protecting itself (Braveman, Egerter and Williams, 2011). This
is taken in a best method for protecting disease in effective manner.
While making and preparing planing about the health service in public, it is more
important to define number of success in order to provide and service care to patients to
overcome from diseases. So that prevalence is more essential to measure the requirement of the
services.
2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care service
There are number of current trends which are essential to understand and also it is
analysis by the health care.
Smoking is one of the dangerous problem which is long term problem. It is experienced
by the current youth as well generation. This is existing among in children and women and its
affect the human body and carries forward to future generation. Alcohol consumption is also a
big issue which is also affect the human body.
In human life change in their diet is also a other cause which is affect the long term
damages. It also affect the lifestyle which define more problems. In these there are many stages
which assist in minimizing the affect of damages. Health of people is highly depend in their life
style and behaviour. If people use daily exercises and healthy habits then the manage type 2
diabetes properly. In current generation there are many people who are not taking balance in
their diet which also affect in health. With the help of proper check-up is also helpful for
reducing the risk of disease.
TASK 3
3.1 Health and well-being priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care setting
In the London Borough of Hackney there are different kind of well being and health
priorities which is define best orientation for patients. In order to promote the healthy and better
diets promotion activities will helps to define more healthy individuals. With the help of this
people are more healthier. It is more important to maintain health and well being priorities so
that every individuals and peoples are safe and healthy (Bradley and et.al., 2016). Promotion
activities are passed by the company which affect the human habit and also helps in reducing the
risk of disease. There are some factors which are involve in its process:
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 Physical factors: In this there are some physical factors which is genetic disorders,
malfunctioning of part of body, immune system and hormonal imbalance it affect the
health of human body. Psychological factors: In this there are some factors which is related to the cultural,
behavioural and psychological it affect the illness and physical health. Stress is also one
of the important factors of psychological health. On other hand smoking and drinking is
part of behavioural factors. Environmental factors: in this factors human are working and living which include the
physical, biological and chemical environment it affect the health of individuals.
 Socio economic factors: In this factors it include income, education which affect the
people health. For example, higher income and social health is more effective to produce
the better health.
3.2 Effectiveness of the strategies, systems and policies in a health of social care setting
Strategies is more important which is implement by the people in many more time. In this
implementation of required policy is also important factors which assist in the human to
overcome from several issue. In this various situation can be define in this area which is evaluate
in the process of health care setting (Blas and Kurup, 2010). This situation happens by cultural,
behavioural and economical process of people. In this condition policy implementation are note
done. In care and health setting, different type of strategies are used in its process to making
better and good habits which are helpful in reducing the risk of disease. There are some benefits
of implementation which are as follows:
 effective attraction of customers.
 Good and appropriate goodwill of the company in market.
 Stakeholders attraction.
 loyalty of employees can be gained.
These all are the effective process which influence positive way which assist in achieve the
growth and success at marketplace.
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3.3 Changes that could be made to improve the health and well-being of individuals
To improve the well-being and health of the person. It is very important to understanding
all the factors. Proper health education should be provided to the people by using health
promotion and physical exercise which assist in increase the change of behaviour. Physical factors: This factors are more important that are define high level of cholesterol,
high blood pressure which is cause of the psychological factors. When an individuals are
working load and pressure of work than he/she creation of increased the stress and blood
pressure (Betancourt and et.al., 2016). Every individuals should be prepare and aware all
these things which assist for the people to deal with them effectively. Psychological factors: These factors are direct affect the human body and their health the
important example of this factors is change in behaviour. This factors affects to sleeping,
eating of human and it also define hormonal change in the human body. Lots of use of
alcohol will also abuse the relation with depression in the human mind. Behavioural factors: It is one of another factor which direct affect the individuals health.
For drinking, smoking etc. Which all are the factors which effect the human health and
also damage the body parts of the people. Socio economic factors: Poverty is one of the important factors which also affect the
well-being and individuals health. In this care there are many peoples who are not able to
surviving their life easily. They are not having enough money for treatment which
increase the mental stress.
 Environmental factors: This factor are affect on human health. It is very important
determinant for the people health. There are some environment factors which is necessary
for the human such as religion, workplace, culture and climate. For example, if an
environment is polluted than it is negative impact on every human being which affect the
human life negatively.
3.4 Implementation of activities for improving social and health care
In the process there are different activities and process which assist in controlling spread
of health disease. In UK, numerous peoples are addicted to smoking in these peoples who are
study in colleges (Bennett, 2010). The health care institution are conducting various events
which are assist in reducing the negative effective of smoking and also encourage the individuals
to quit smoke. Smoking is dangerous cause which affect on the lungs such as cancer, TB and etc.
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They define smoking cessation programs which assist in crating awareness about the detrimental
health. This programs is very important which include motivational skills in order to maximize
the awareness toward employees to define the negative impact of smoking in people fitness and
health.
CONCLUSION
In above mentioned reports can be concluded that health is more important to the people
which assist in contributing the economy. If an individuals will not having best and proper health
so that they note able to doing contribution in economy. Organizational hierarchy of health
sector define the roles and policies which is followed by the health institution to describing the
best process in order to reduce illness in the human body. There are some non infectious are
analysis by the statical data. Identification of key elements are also helps in improvement in the
controlling issues which is define by the effective elements. Different type of procedures and
information is involved in reports which define the controlling issue that are related to health of
the people.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bennett, P. ed., 2010. Risk communication and public health. Oxford University Press.
Betancourt, J.R., and et.al., 2016. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for
addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public health reports.
Blas, E. and Kurup, A.S. eds., 2010. Equity, social determinants and public health programmes.
World Health Organization.
Bradley, E. H., and et.al., 2016. Variation in health outcomes: The role of spending on social
services, public health, and health care, 2000–09. Health Affairs. 35(5). pp.760-768.
Braveman, P., Egerter, S. and Williams, D.R., 2011. The social determinants of health: coming
of age. Annual review of public health. 32. pp.381-398.
Drummond, M.F., and et.al., 2015. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care
programmes. Oxford university press.
Ford, E. S. and Capewell, S., 2011. Proportion of the decline in cardiovascular mortality disease
due to prevention versus treatment: public health versus clinical care. Annual review of
public health. 32. pp.5-22.
Frieden, T. R., 2010. A framework for public health action: the health impact pyramid. American
journal of public health. 100(4). pp.590-595.
Goldberg, D. S. and McGee, S.J., 2011. Pain as a global public health priority. BMC public
health. 11(1). p.770.
Marmot, M. and Bell, R., 2012. Fair society, healthy lives. Public health. 126. pp.S4-S10.
Moorhead, S. A., and et.al., 2013. A new dimension of health care: systematic review of the
uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication. Journal of
medical Internet research. 15(4).
Puhl, R. M. and Heuer, C.A., 2010. Obesity stigma: important considerations for public health.
American journal of public health. 100(6). pp.1019-1028.
Stringhini, S., and et.al., 2010. Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and
mortality. Jama. 303(12). pp.1159-1166.
Umberson, D. and Karas Montez, J., 2010. Social relationships and health: A flashpoint for
health policy. Journal of health and social behavior. 51(1_suppl). pp.S54-S66.
World Health Organization, 2015. Health Worker Role in Providing Safe Abortion Care and Post
Abortion Contraception. World Health Organization.
Online
Smoking Cessation Program. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.hpb.gov.sg/workplace/workplace-programmes/smoking-
cessation-programmes>. [Accessed on 16th August 2017].
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