Travel and Tourism Business Toolkit

This report explores various aspects of the travel and tourism business, focusing on the hospitality sector. It covers topics like talent management, performance planning, legal and ethical considerations, revenue management, budgeting, and financial statement analysis. The report uses Carnival Corporation PLC as a case study to illustrate practical applications of these concepts.

The Travel and Tourism
Business Toolkit

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Activity 1 – Using the HR Life cycle for Talent management...............................................4
Activity 2 – Performance Planning........................................................................................6
Activity 3 – Training on Law for the Hospitality Industry....................................................7
Activity 4 – Briefing on Legal and Ethical Considerations...................................................8
Activity 5 – Discussion of revenue management in cruise line industry...............................8
Activity 6 – Explaining the importance of budgets................................................................9
Activity 7 - Commenting on Financial Statements and Reporting Methods........................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality services that is also known as accommodation sharing, exchanges of
hospitality, home stay network which is a centralized social networking services related to
traveller who avail various kinds of services by seeking home stays. In hospitality services
includes treating guests or strangers in a warm manner, friendly and in generous way. This report
is based on carnival corporation PLC which is a British American cruise operator which
currently become the world's largest leisure travel company. It provides all services in which
accommodation, food, bars and entertainment and tourism services. This report is based on HR
life cycle for talent management and negative behaviour for waiting staff in travel and tourism
industry. It also includes revenue management and its tools to gain maximum profit. It elaborates
specific legislations in any organisation with company, employment and contract law and their
impact on decision making process. At last it elaborates financial statements with importance of
budgets in controlling business performance.
Activity 1 – Using the HR Life cycle for Talent management.
Human resource is an important aspect in life of an organisation which has a unique life
cycle and in which includes stages from which an employee passes and plays major role at time
of that stages. Here are the main stages of HR life cycle that are as follows:
Recruitment:
It is an important aspect for every organisation by selecting right kind of manpower
because hiring decisions are very much crucial for role in turnover, in productivity and growth of
an organisation (Banerjee and Chua, 2016). To succeed in recruitment phrase of HR life cycle
HR have to be create strategic staffing plan and evaluate compensation with benefits with
developing an interviewing protocol. In case of carnival corporation PLC their food and
beverage manager on a cruise ship have separate department of human resource and select
people by evaluating their skills and capabilities so that best employees should be selected
(DeLacy and et.al., 2014). That stage is very much crucial to retain and acquire right kind of
people in an organisation by selecting appropriate candidate.

Education:
In that stage of HR life cycle in that moment employees start working for the new
position and they have to be acknowledge about roles, expectations and responsibilities during
the work. In that phrase some major activities are very much crucial that are organisation to
communicate about culture and values and train new hires by understand job roles. In context of
carnival corporation PLC after recruiting people after analyse their skills and capabilities they
hand out their roles and responsibilities that are very much crucial for organisational as well as
individual growth and enhancement.
Motivation:
Motivation is an important factor after giving adequate education to accomplish works
and procedures in proper way (Du Cros and McKercher, 2014). Leaders and other higher
authority focus on making efforts to remain employees always motivated and enthusiastic so that
they can contributes in organisational development. In case of Carnival corporation PLC invest
lot of money to keep employee engaged and motivated give training and development, trust and
many more. In carnival corporation PLC to give adequate knowledge and information to their
Food and beverage manager on a cruise ship they provide training and development to keep them
always motivated and it helps in retain highly talented staff because they have always adequate
knowledge and information to remain competitive in marketplace.
Evaluation:
In evaluation process HR department of carnival corporation PLC after above mentioned
stages evaluate performance of Food and beverage manager on a cruise ship by giving
challenging tasks and duties and by constructive feedback on continuous basis (Fuchs, Höpken,
and Lexhagen, 2015). They conduct performance conversations on facts and figures.
Celebration:
In that stage HR life cycle provides opportunities to energize staff members, give thanks
to employees for their work and recognize milestones. In case of carnival corporation PLC, they
appraise performance of food and beverage manager of a cruise ship so that they feel motivated
and give their best also in future.
Importance of HR life cycle for retaining and development talent.
HR Life cycle is an important model that helps in retaining and developing talent by
finding out key spheres in which improvements are very much crucial. It helps in selecting right

kind of candidates and find out key spheres in which potential skills and capabilities are require
by giving training and development.
Recommendation:
For improving HR processes and documentation organisation have to firstly effectively
plan the skills and capabilities that are important for organisational growth and enhancement.
After that they have to select those candidates who possess that skills and capabilities to remain
always competitive in marketplace. With by giving adequate training and development with
appraise them for their works and procedures so that they remain always motivated.
Activity 2 – Performance Planning
As per present case study, it has been evaluated that currently HR managers have faced
issues related with negative behaviour of workers and staff retention. This would impact on
performance of other employees also. Therefore, to resolve this issue, managers have applied
certain HR practices like providing consultancy to them, where they can recognise through their
performance easily.
In order to resolve negative behaviour of staff member organisation needs to implement:
 Training: In Carnival, it is required for management to provide training to their staff
member in order to resolve issue of their negative behaviour easily. On the basis of these
kind of practices, they can manage things positively and provide them ideas to behave
well with the customers.
 Positive working environment: This is one most important factor in an organisation that
management needs to maintain positive environment in the firm so that they can sustain
employees easily. This factor has direct impact on the employee’s performance that can
be enhanced by providing them a positive environment easily.
In order to resolve issue of staff retention management needs to implement such practices as:
 Rewards and appraisal: In Carnival, it is required for senior employees to recognise
employee’s performance by providing them timely rewards and appraisal that are based
on their working abilities. On the basis of such activities, management can sustain their
employees for a long run duration and make them happy on the basis of their working
capabilities. All these practices can be beneficial for firm to attain business objectives and
goals in effective manner.

Activity 3 – Training on Law for the Hospitality Industry.
In an organisation applicability of various kinds of rules and regulations with legislation
are very much important to coordinate each and every activity in an effective manner
(Benckendorff and Zehrer, 2017). There are various acts and regulations in hospitality industry
that are as follows:
Equality act 2010:
The equality act is one of most important legislation for development of an industry as
well as for individual to protect people from discrimination. It replaces the previous anti-
discrimination act in a single act to protect an individual and their rights. It helps in
strengthening and giving protection in some situations. It set out for unlawful activities at time of
treating with someone else. It is important to save self-interest of people in various situations to
protect their legal rights and duties. In case of carnival corporation PLC, they apply that law in
their organisation to give right and harmonious behaviour with everyone so that they feel
motivated enough.
Health and safety act 1981:
It is one of most important and crucial act for an industry as well for an individual to
remain always safe at workplace. It is useful in case of any kind of injury or illness and if an
organisation fails to provide first aid caused of casualty death. In that case employer have to be
assured about that they protect employees from any kind of misshapenness at work place. It
helps in saving at time of significant risk factor and poor compliance according to law with
regulations. So it one of important legislation for industries to safe the self-interest of an
employee and Carnival corporation PLC apply that legislation to save their health so that they
feel safe and secure while working.
Employment and contract law:
Employment and contract law are an agreement between an employee and employer and
based on their relationship that helps in achieving goals and objectives. It is not obligatory that
contracts should need not to be in writing form and it can be legally valid (Lamsfus and et.al.,
2015). The contracts laws and regulations are very much important for an organisation to taken
right kind of decision-making. When relationship between employee and employer should be
strong then they work in self-interest of each other and for an organisation.

Activity 4 – Briefing on Legal and Ethical Considerations
In hospitality industry, different law and regulations are requiring to be consider that
assist in managing business policies and practices in effective manner (Sigala, 2018). These legal
and ethical considerations can be:
Equality act 2010: On the basis of this act, it is required in an organisation to implement
equality to all the employees so that they can feel comfortable to work in the firm. Through these
kind of legislation, carnival can develop positive environment in the organisation for their
workers. This is basically assist in providing equal opportunities to each employees by
considering their skill and capabilities.
Health and safety act, 1981: As per this act, it is the responsibility of higher authorities
of Carnival to consider health and safety of their employees by providing them effective services
properly. This act basically provides proper safety to worker in case of any accidental activity at
workplace. By implementing these regulations, organisation can sustain their employees for a
long run duration that assist them in attaining target objectives and goals in effective manner.
Employment act, 2002: As per this act, it is a responsibility of an organisation to provide
several opportunities to their employees that can be related to their job and so on. These services
can be leaves, compensation, pay, rewards and so on. Management of Carnival corporation needs
to identify such kind of activities in order to make things possible for the employees to sustain in
the organisation for a long run duration. All these approach aid in managing advantages in the
firm for employees and other staff members.
Activity 5 – Discussion of revenue management in cruise line industry.
Revenue management is an important application for a disciplined analytics that forecast
consumer behaviour at micro market level by optimize availability of products and price to gain
maximum profit. In hotel industry revenue management concerned with selling right room to
right customer at appropriate time and right price by using perfect distribution channel by
occupying cost efficiency (Smith, 2017).
Rationale of revenue management:
Revenue management is an important attribute to coordinate and cooperate each and
every attribute in proper way. It helps firstly to carnival corporation PLC in comply with lower
cost. In travel and tourism industry booking trends should be depending on various factors in
which region, season and average cost for traveller (Liu, Norman and Pennington-Gray, 2013).

In that scenario the best price for room in comparison to tomorrow might be different for a
service provider. To solve that particular concern revenue management not only helps in apply
best price for rooms that helps in acquire right kind of profit and sales. It also helps in optimize
resources by using properly usage of manpower in period of high demand and eliminate over
staffing at time of lower demand situation. They help in better managing resources according to
need by eliminating avoiding unnecessary expenses. On other hand it helps in attracting large no.
of consumers that helps to organisation in collect good business. It helps in welcome old
consumers which are more lucrative in comparison to old one.
Activity 6 – Explaining the importance of budgets.
Budget is an estimation of revenue and expenses within a specified time period and it
should be built on compiled format and re-evaluated on periodic basis. Budget is a very
important for every organisation to spend in a specified manner on each and every spheres.
Role of budget in controlling business performance:
Budget is an important attribute that helps in coordinate each and every activity and
sphere of an organisation by distributing value and money to accomplish goals and objectives in
proper way. In case of Carnival corporation PLC, they use budget and their various tools and
techniques to divide their budget according to each and every department and by evaluating the
need to accomplish specific task of a particular department (Schegg and et.al., 2013). For an
example in carnival corporation PLC they aimed to include a new place in their visiting portfolio
so for that budget should be prepared to accomplish goals and objectives according to they give
accent to invest money in major spheres. Budget helps to control each and every activity and
major spheres in which necessary reforms should be required. To control each and every sphere
they forecast about work for which organisation planned and prepared. Budgetary department
use various kinds of tools that helps managers and other higher authorities to better forecast to
reap proper benefits.
Role of budget in identifying variances:
In an organisation, budget is an important tool in identifying variance with it helps in
showcase sales would come and funds should be spending to achieve required sales. In an
organisation analysis of variance is very much important by evaluating actual results, in that case
management start comparing actual results with estimated one. In that case organisation various
kinds of variance should be identified and management have to find out the major cause of such

kind of variances in a carnival corporation PLC. In finding out variance analysis organisation use
budget for planning and meeting their financial commitments evaluating differences in actual
and anticipated attributes to reach at desirable goals and objectives.
Activity 7 - Commenting on Financial Statements and Reporting Methods.
Purchase A/C
Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
01st Feb To Kate's Kitchen 5001 28th Feb By balance c/d 34553
01st Feb To Harry 29552
Total 34553 Total 34553
Kate's Kitchen A/C
Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
6th Feb To Bank 5001 01st Feb By purchase 5001
Total 5001 Total 5001
Harry's A/C
Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
14th Feb To Meganne 2008 01st Feb By purchase 29552
17th Feb To Bank 29552 28th Feb By balance c/d 2008
Total 31560 Total 31560
Bank A/C

Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
6th Feb By Kate's Kitchen 5001
28th Feb To balance b/d 34553 17th Feb By Harry 29552
Total 34553 Total 34553
Beverage A/C
Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
3rd Feb To sale 11203 28th Feb By balance c/d 42493
10th Feb To sale 8966
22nd Feb To sale 10614
17th Feb To sale 11710
Total 42493 Total 42493
Sales A/C
Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
3rd Feb By Beverage 11203
3rd Feb By Food 1824
10th Feb By Beverage 8996
10th Feb By Food 1687
17th Feb By Food 1611
17th Feb By Beverage 11710
28th Feb To balance b/d 49360 22nd Feb By Beverage 10614
22nd Feb By Food 1715
Total 49360 Total 49360
Food A/C

Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
3rd Feb To sale 1824
10th Feb To sale 1687 28th Feb By balance c/d 6837
22nd Feb To sale 1715
17th Feb To sale 1611
Total 6837 Total 6837
Meganne A/C
Date Particular Amount Date Particular Amount
14th Feb By Bank 2008
28th Feb To balance b/d 2008
Total 2008 Total 2008
Trail balance
S. NO Particular Dr. Cr.
1 Purchase A/c 34553
2 Sales A/c 49360
3 Kate's Kitchen
4 Harry 2008
5 Beverage 42493
6 Food 6837
7 Bank 34553
8 Meganne 2008
9 Suspense A/C 30
Total 85891 85921

CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that Hospitality sector is one of most
important for economic as well as for individual development. In an organisation to get effective
results they have to adopt various kinds of HR life cycle which is an important attribute. With the
help of HR life-cycle an organisation can coordinate and comply with any kind of situation. To
reach at desirable goals and objectives organisation have to frame proper budget according to
need and want of each and every sphere in proper way so that any kind of complexities not arise.
In an organisation revenue management plan are very important to save cost and reach at
desirable goals and objectives by effective implementation of principles.