Theories of Development and Learning - Early Childhood Stage:

Running head: THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
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THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING1
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Discussion..................................................................................................................................3
1. Definition of Early Childhood Stage:.............................................................................3
2. Four Domains:.................................................................................................................4
2.1. Physical development:.............................................................................................4
2.2. Cognitive development:...........................................................................................5
2.3. Social development:.................................................................................................6
2.4. Emotional development:..........................................................................................7
3. Learning strategies and practices:...................................................................................8
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
Early childhood has been associated with preschool years in which children begin to
learn, understand, and gather knowledge about the basic things. Parents and educators move
away from the basic slogans, ideas and beliefs and draw more attention towards
comprehensive awareness (Lobman & Clark, 2015). They mainly focus on the development
of one’s personality. Thus, the primary focus of the report is to establish extensive research
on early childhood as well as gathering the focus on the four domains, including physical,
cognitive, social and emotional. Significant examples will be presented in order to support
teaching as well as learning strategies based on early childhood. The early childhood group is
an essential stage in the development of human beings (Lascarides & Hinitz, 2013). It is
basically associated with toddlerhood.
Physical development is defined as the primary domain through which toddlers and
infants will process their developmental activities and adequate growth in their body
structure. Several characteristics are acquainted with physical development that helps a child
to become more active, and an adventurous side is disclosed. Certain communicative events
benefit children to involve themselves in various physical activities (Babic et al., 2014).
Cognitive development is associated with building up adequate skills that may include
language learning, pre-reading, numeracy, and vocabulary (Kogan, 2013). Social
development is referred to as the process in which a child will learn to communicate with
other people in the same community (Isaacs, 2013). The process will help children to develop
their individual personality and to gain an individuality in the community. They will absorb
certain practical skills in order to interact with other children, along with process their
actions. Emotional development has been associated with experiences such as mood swings,

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING3
tantrums, and a rising social world. Children will gain more knowledge about their emotions,
along with other people’s emotions (Dowling, 2014).
The four domains will be explored in order to understand the basic necessities and
qualities that are required in the developmental process and growth of a child. The primary
objective is to present the accurate milestones of early childhood, which will be emphasized
on developmental milestones, and it will help the readers to stimulate their ideas and thoughts
appropriately.
Discussion
1. Definition of Early Childhood Stage:
In Psychology, the early childhood stage is defined as the time from a child’s birth
until the age of six-to-seven years. The stage covers the period from infancy, then
kindergarten, along with the first standard of their school (Lascarides & Hinitz, 2013).
Several theorists such as Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Lev Vygotsky
have introduced various stages of development. They have gathered enough information
about how a child gets a chance to transform himself or herself by utilizing the physical,
cognitive, social, and emotional aspects (Lobman & Clark, 2015). The stages of childhood
have been associated with social institutions, laws, and customs that help in forming society
(Stern, 2017). There are various types of programs that are attached to early childhood
education services such as teacher-led services, playgroups, education and care centers, play-
centers, and kindergartens (Gordon & Browne, 2013).
The stage has been occupied with different kinds of developmental tasks through
playful activities such as building blocks, the ability to join other peer-groups, engaging with
social groups, and the capacity to instigate powerful emotions (Lascarides & Hinitz, 2013).
The discussion can be furthered structured through an example such as most of the