Three Social Paradigms - PDF
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Added on 2021-02-20
Three Social Paradigms - PDF
Added on 2021-02-20
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To what extent hasthe Australianfamily changed inthe last 70 years
Australian families have changed significantly over the years but at the same time theyremain basic units remaining within the society raising their children and care for each otherAltman, Hunter & Biddle, (2018). Nostalgia is a known as the powerful force when it comes tothink about our family. Present Paper will focus on the three social Paradigms such as functionalperspective, conflict as well as symbolic interactionism and how these theories relates to theAustralian families changes over the last 70 years. First one highlights on the functionalperspective. The issues focus on Relationship trends, Family characteristics, having children,fertility trends and also the parental employment trendsand child care. Sometimes it's very hard to adapt the rapid changes Falcous & Booth, (2017).Earlier families live happily without mobile phones, E-book, tablets, social sites as well as voiceswhich emanating from the car dashboard to helps to determine the road navigation.Relationship trends such as Marriages were earlier declined and cohabitation rateenhancing Beauchaine & Haines, (2019). Traditionally, registered marriages becomes a pathchosen by the couples to form a partnership. According to the reports it is estimated that medianage at first marriage declined in the 1940s,1950s as well as 1960s and then suddenly increased inthe 1970s. In the 1940s the age fir the marriage for the bridegrooms was 26.5 while 23.5 forbrides. Through 1974 it had fallen from 23.3 for bridegrooms ans 20.9 for brides. These changesoccurred by the post -wars years Boulding, (2018). Between 1991 and 2016 the median age ofmen for marriage raise from 26.7 to 29.7 as well as women jumped from 24.5 years to 28 years.Simultaneously multicultural marriages also increased and also the partners who had alreadymarried before is also decreased. People are more focused on the higher education rather than themarriage. In 1980 only 23 % couples loved together before marriage as compared to 78 % in2008.may of the people believe that the couples lived together before marriage means that thedivorce rate must also increases but it had been dropped from 26.2 % to 2 % within the lastdecades Dixon & Scheurell, (2016) . Family characteristics such as the families which aredependent on the Children fallen and also the couples lives together and also couples who haveno children has been increased rapidly. In 1976 Lonely parents families were enhanced from 7 %in 1976 to 11% in 2006. 48 % families in 1976 were families lived with their dependent childrenand 28 % people lived with no children. In the year 2006 the couples families with dependentchildren as well a couple with no children becomes equal in numbers. While in 2006 to 2007families with at least one child were called as intact families Falcous & Booth, (2017).17 %
families have lone others and 4 % were step families and also called blended families.3% werecalled as lone parents families headed by their father.From a functional aspect the role of Australian families from last 70 years in increasingmulticultural nation standards as well as values of society and also the people now depend ontheir higher level of studies instead of focused on marriages but at the same time single parentsfamily also enhanced and no children families were increasedFiske, Hodge & Turner, (2016). Conflict theory depends on the factors people are looking at now in present sense. good reasons alsoassociate with the conflict theory .Although Australia has community of Same sex couples as it is a partof Official Australian statics since 1996. The estimated Information tells us that there is high range ofcohabitation relationship were enhanced in 1980 but today these are the kinds of the relationship whichare more common. In 1986 couplers have cohabitation marriage is upto 5.7 % which is merely double inthe year 2001 that is 12.4 %.there is a proof that the cohabitation relationship are more likely to breakupwithin the six years of commencement. These are the relationship establish in 1970 until today Jeong,(2017). This is more vital as it shows that the children grow in the more solo family and also surveysshows that they after 1986 there were enhanced in the solo parents as it is estimated that the growth inthe solo families children was arisen in June 2003 up to 2,068,800.Also since 1980 men's labour forcerparticipation levels was also decreased. it is estimated that the when the women entered within thelabour force market in numbers then the men have dropped out of the labour force Lang & Moleski,(2016). Also, the full-time employment also declined from 86.7 % in 1983 to 83.4% in 2003.Economicchanges was also considered as there was high unemployment as well as high inflation is one of themost characterised in the 1980s Lang & Moleski, (2016). In 1983 trend of unemployment peaked at11.3 %and it undulated peaking at 11.9% in the year 1992 and 1993.it also reaches to the 5.2 % inJanuary 2005.inflation level in the 1980 was on average higher ad also the consumer Price index alsorose from am average of 9.6 % from June 1980 to July 1985 and also 3.4 % to average per year fromJuly 2001 to 2005.here economic growth also ,Measured in GRP per year from 1981 to 1985.fertilityTrends also increases Lee & et.al., (2016).Fertility rate in the Australia by 1980 had declined from 3.4 babies to 1.8 which is below thereplacement level of 2.2 .With the continual decline of the fertility rate in the late 1990s wasbecome the issue of fertility crises and it becomes apparent. This generated the alarm bells of thesocial as well as economic policy of ageing as well as combination of population concerns about
the diminishing fertility. By the year 2002 the fertility rate had decrease to 1.6 % but enhanced tojust under the 2.0 Okely & et.al., (2017).survey search that arise perception of class tension within the Australia between rich as well aspoor leads to the rose of the conflict. Friction between the migrants and native born in theAustralia is become the greatest source of conflict in the Australian society. About two third ofthe Australia believes that the string conflicts arises between rich and poor is a sign of theincome inequality. Since 1992 there s about 52 % increases from 2009 survey Ralph, Birks &Chapman, (2015). 48% polled that there is a rise of the strong conflict. Income inequality is notfor only economist of the Australia. According to the latest survey the 27 % of householdsexperienced an income drop such as job security, underemployment. Household earning Such asannual income $300,00 reported a rapid increase of the financial comfort. When the rich as wellas poor people lived in two separate world then one result onto the tax revot Shanas & et.al.,(2017). In comparison to other countries Australia has become the more targeted programs interms of redistribution but over the time this becomes the less effective within the recent years. Italso leads to the wealth disparates. The long term of the economic growth leads to the globalfinancial crisis among both public and policymakers .This is particular in the Australia in 2014study the international Monterary fund shows that the countries with the lower inequality trendscauses fast as well as more durable economic growth Stephan & Stephan, (2017). The conflicttheory also determines abut the rich and poor. it argues that the rich and poor people ofAustralia argues about the inequality system which creates the income disparities as it includesthe humiliation because people generally don't like the unfairness. Even if the generationbecomes wealthy with their own efforts as well as creativity then there is a strong possibilitythat the generation can blow their inheritance Wagner & et.al., (2018).The social interactionism theory focuses on relationship of an individual among the differentpeople of the society Wolter & et.al., (2016). holds the view that people play an important role inshaping the society. This theory also lay emphasis on thinking pattern of individual in thesociety. It lay emphasis on focusing on relationship of an individual with other people in thesociety. Therefore this theory suggests that community has played an important role in changingthe lifestyle of the people living in Australia. Similarly as per the views fo Vygotsky, socialinteraction plays a very crucial role in process of learning where learner interact with otherpeople and develop skills and knowledge. The interconnection of people impacts thinking
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