Strategies of Government in Preventing Breast Cancer Aged 25-45

This study aims to investigate the strategies implemented by the government to prevent breast cancer among women aged 25-45. It will examine the prevalence of breast cancer, explore associated factors, investigate health implications, and critically discuss the effectiveness of government strategies. The study will use qualitative research methods and data analysis to gather and analyze relevant information. The research is conducted in the United Kingdom.

TO INVESTIGATE ON THE
STRATEGIES OF THE
GOVERNMENT IN preventing
BREAST CANCER AGED 25-45

Abstract
This present study shows roles of strategies of the government in preventing breast
cancer which is the most important in order to improve health of women and increasing life
expectancy. This study will also discuss some factors which are associated with breast cancer in
order to provide better healthcare services to women and preventing them against breast cancer
problems. There is an increasing rate of breast cancer among 25-45 age group of women. Further
this study will also discuss all those factors which women can control and protect themselves
against this disease such as consumption of alcohol, smoking and exercising, taking healthy diet
etc. One of the main aim of developing this study is ““To investigate strategies of the
government in handling breast cancer aged 25-45”. Some objectives related to this which can
help in accomplishing the main aim include:
 To examine prevalence of breast cancer in Haringey.
 To explore factors associated to breast cancer.
 To investigate health implications of breast cancer.
 To critically discuss the effectiveness of government strategies on preventing breast
cancer.
This study has used qualitative research method for collecting data in the form of non-
numerical as per the suitability of the topic. This method allows researcher in collecting
informations relate to the main topic and making the study successful.
It will also use qualitative data analysis for making changes and analysing all gathered
informations in order to take decision and for collecting effective data, it will also make an
effective use of both primary and secondary data collection. With the help of questionnaire

Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................4
1. Project Background.................................................................................................................4
2. Project Rationale......................................................................................................................5
3. Aims and objectives.................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................6
1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................6
2. Research Types or study design..............................................................................................7
3. Literature search strategy.........................................................................................................9
Search engine used......................................................................................................................9
Data bases searched.....................................................................................................................9
Inclusion and exclusion criteria...................................................................................................9
Explanation of process.................................................................................................................9
4. Ethical consideration:............................................................................................................11
Chapter 3: Literature review..........................................................................................................11
1. Introduction:..........................................................................................................................11
2. Interpretation of findings.......................................................................................................11
3. Summarization of the issue....................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION and Recommendations..................................................................16
DATA ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................17
Recommendations......................................................................................................................18
REFLECTION...........................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

Topic- To investigate on the role of strategies of the government in preventing breast
cancer aged 25-45. A study on United Kingdom.
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. It can be said that it
is a common and increasing disease in women in the UK. If it is diagnosed in early stage that it
can be cured otherwise it leads to deaths. Nowadays there are several supports has been provided
for awaring people about breast cancer and its symptoms as well. It is also stated with increasing
awareness and governmental strategies, cancer survival rate is increased and number of deaths
associated with is declined (Sammut, de Matos Arruda and Caldas, 2019). There are some
symptoms by which, people can identify this disease such as: Changes in the size and shape of
breasts, changes in skin of breast, thickening of breast, peeling, scaling and flaking, redness of
breast skin etc. It is also stated that breast cancer is the second leading reason of cancer death in
women. There are several types of breast cancer such as: lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive
ductal carcinoma etc. There is a severe and rare type of cancer that makes up approximate and
only between 1-5& of all breast cancer and it is known as inflammatory breast cancer. There are
some risk factors and reasons of breast cancer in female such as: lack of physical exercise,
obesity, consumption of alcohol, older age etc. All these factors need to be identified at an early
stage otherwise it may lead to death. There are several interventions and programmes related to
preventing breast cancer is being developed by the government which also are playing an
important role.
1. Project Background
This present research is mainly based on breast cancer. This study is going to show some
factors which are associated with breast cancer as well as some reasons which become reason of
breast cancer specially in women (Morris, 2019). It will also show total numbers of affected
people to breast cancer as well as death and survival rate of breast cancer patient in Haringey. It
can be said that breast screening services in Haringey are provided via North London Breast
Screening services. This disease is accounted for approximate 31% of all female cancers which
is considered the most common cause of cancer among women in the UK. In the context of risk
factor the main risk factor which is being identified is age. In these regards to, it is stated that
approximate 80% of breast cancer in women occur after the age of 50. Childbearing, family
history, overweight are some reasons identified which is becoming the main reason of increasing

rate of breast cancer in women in the UK and in Haringey. It will also show importance of
research methodology and data collection steps by which researcher gets relevant informations to
the topic. By following all steps of research methodologies, data collection and analysis, aim of
this research can be accomplished. Further this study will also show importance of secondary
data collection and analysis like literature review and questionnaire for gathering reliable data.
Research problem
It is stated that breast cancer is the fastest growing disease which need to be solved
because most of the time it leads death. In developing countries such as UK, it is considered one
of the main problem in women. The main research problem is to getting relevant data and
statistic by which we can identify that how increasingly it is growing as well as strategies for
solving it. So, the main aim of conducting this research is to get data related to breast cancer for
protecting women from this disease. Lack of research skill is other problem of this research and
it is considered one of the main problem because research can be developed only when if it has
enough reliable and accurate data. Reliable and relevant data can be gathered when an individual
has an effective research ability, enough finance as well as skilled workforce.
2. Project Rationale
The main aim of selecting this topic is to make people aware about this disease and main
factors which become the reason of breast cancer in women. By developing this research and
collecting informations regarding the topic, women can be aware. Other main aim of conducting
research on this topic is to identify strategies and policies developed by the government for
making an effective use of them and reducing death rate. By making an effective use of all
strategies and identifying reason survival rate of women suffering from breast cancer be
improved. Other important aim of conducting this research is to make all people aware about
effectiveness of governmental interventions and prevent women against breast cancer at an early
stage because lack of awareness can lead to death.
3. Aims and objectives
Aim- “To investigate strategies of the government in handling breast cancer aged 25-45. A study
on United Kingdom”.
Objectives:
 To examine prevalence of breast cancer in Haringey.
 To explore factors associated to breast cancer.

 To investigate health implications of breast cancer.
 To critically discuss the effectiveness of government strategies on preventing breast
cancer.
Accomplishing all these objectives is important for researcher because by accomplishing
all objectives, they can fulfil the main aim of conducting this research. For accomplishing all
described objectives, researcher will require getting answers of all research question and solving
the main research problem.
Research Questions
 What is the prevalence of breast cancer in Haringey?
 What are some factors associated to breast cancer?
 How to investigate health implications of breast cancer?
 What are some importance or effectiveness of government strategies about preventing
breast cancer.
Significance
In the context of breast cancer, it can be said that it is important for people to have
knowledge as well as awareness in order to detect problem at early stage and prevent women.
With the help of getting informations and making own-self aware about breast cancer we can
know that how cancer grows, starts and spreads (Werk, Hill and Graber, 2017). So, it is the main
importance of this research is to detect this disease in early stage and making our-self healthy. It
is also identified that by having informations and awareness patients are experiencing better
outcomes as a result of early diagnosis.
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Introduction
Research methodology is an effective as well as specific process of identifying, selecting
and analysing all relevant information about a topic. In the development of research about a
specific topic, research methodology allow researcher to evaluate study's effectiveness as well as
validity in order to accomplish its pre determined goals and make the study successful (Kumar,
2019). In the research methodology, researcher study all methods, types, approaches which are
available and select the best one after identifying its positive and negative impacts on the
performance. Selection of all element of research also depend on about the nature of the topic.

Some elements of research methodology include: Research types, research philosophy, research
approaches, collection of data, analysis of collected data and sampling. All are discussed in
detailed manner below:
2. Research Types or study design
As per the nature and purpose of research study, it is being divided into 2 types. Research type
refers a form in which data relevant to the topic is being collected such as qualitative and
quantitative. There are 2 ways or form of collecting data such as in the form of numbers and in
the form of words, human behaviours. Qualitative research type is all about collecting data in
the form of words. Those data which do not consist any numbers or non-numerical data are
called qualitative research. This types of data are based on emotions, feelings, words and sounds.
Any data which cannot be analysed by means of mathematical techniques are considered
qualitative. The main aim of using this type is it creates openness and give in depth detail to
researcher by which they can analyse data in an efficient manner (Weatherall and et.al., 2018).
On the other hand, quantitative research type refers numerical data. Those Data or
informations relevant to the topic which are being collected in the form of numbers are called
quantitative research. Advantage of quantitative research is it allows researcher to get accurate
data. It is time-consuming process which is its main disadvantage. For this research on the
topic of investigating on the role of strategies of the government in preventing breast cancer,
researcher will make an effective use of qualitative research.
Research approaches: Research approach is a plan which is combined of several steps
of broad assumptions of detailed method of collecting data, analysis as well as interpretation.
The selection of research approach is based on the nature of the main research problem which is
being identified. There are 2 main approaches of research such as inductive and deductive.
Inductive approach starts with observation and it is suitable for qualitative research type or data.
Both research approaches are related to theories in which inductive research approach is
developing a new theory. There are several advantages of inductive approach in which, scholar
develop a new theory such as: it increases knowledge of researcher about the topic on which they
conduct research. Limitation of inductive approach is it is less structured because it is new theory
so, researcher does not have proper guidance (Daugherty, Hoffman and Kennedy, 2016). They

have to develop theory on their own basis. For this study, scholar selects inductive approach as
it is suitable for qualitative data.
On the other hand, deductive research approach is all about hypothesis of the study with
an existing theory. Deductive approach, as compare to inductive is highly structured because it is
an existing theory and researcher has some aims which it needs to be accomplished. Limitation
of this approach is it believes that there is a shortage of time.
Research Philosophy: A research philosophy is a belief about ways in which
informations about a phenomenon should be collected, analysed as well as used effectively. It
also has 2 types as like research approach and research types such as: interpretivism and
positivism. Positivism research philosophy believes that the study of human behaviours needs to
be conducted in the same way as some studies conducted in the natural science. This type of
approach also seek to measure as well as identify any phenomena with the main aim to offer
rational explanation of it. This philosophy is based on deductive research approach (Bendi,
2017). The type of this research study is qualitative and for which research selects inductive
research approach so, interpretivism research philosophy will be selected by researcher.
On the other hand, inductive research approach is associated with interpretivism research
philosophy. In interpretivism research philosophy, researcher take human interest into the study
which helps them out in getting effective data and make the study successful. In this type,
researcher interpreted all elements of the study in an efficient manner which does not only helps
it out in making the research successful but also increases its skills and knowledge.
Data collection: Data collection is one of the important element and step which is
considered sometimes the main key of the success of the research study. Without collecting data
it is not possible for researcher to complete its research. For completing any type of research on
any topic, researcher requires data relevant to the topic, For this purpose, it follows this step and
analyse both ways of collecting data. The main aim of analysing and evaluating both primary and
secondary data collection method is to select the best one and collect accurate and reliable data.
In the type of primary data, researcher collects brand-new data by using some sources such as
observation, questionnaire, survey.
On the other hand, in secondary type, researcher collects second hand data which may be
used before by other researcher for the same type and nature of the study. There are several;
sources of getting these types of data such as: books and journals, internet etc. By making an

effective use of these sources' researcher can save time and complete research in a timely manner
with efficiently (Johnston, 2017). For this research study, researcher makes an effective use of
secondary research and analysis literature reviews with views of authors. So, it can be said that
by following this step, scholar can accomplish its goals and solve the main research problem.
3. Literature search strategy
Search engine used
By making an effective use of Google as well as questionnaires and articles, all
informations relevant to the topic gathered. The main aim of conducting this study is to
investigate roles of strategies of the government in preventing breast cancer. With the help of
articles of peer reviewed, informations are being gathered. So, it can be said that the main serach
engine was Google.
Data bases searched
There are several academic data bases which can allow researcher in getting informations
as per the nature of the topic. Some examples of effective databases searched include: Google
Scholar, HubMed and others. As per the nature of this study, Google scholar is being used as
data bases.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
In this context it can be said that it is important element which sets boundaries for
systematic review. It can be used after analysing all research questions in a detailed manner. In
the context of inclusion criteria, it can be said that it refers characteristics that the main subject of
the study posses. On the other hand, exclusion criteria refer those features which do not qualify
prospective and the main subject from inclusion in the research study.
For this study inclusion criteria include: women with the age group of 25-45 who are
suffering from breast cancer. This is one of the main inclusion criteria as without including this,
study can not be conducted. Whereas, exclusion criteria includes all people who were connected
in this study indirectly and meet all requirements of the study but scholar cannot include them in
study as main element.These people may have lack of willingness and some other things which
may affect this study in a negative manner and that is the reason of not including them.
Explanation of process
For making this study successful aims and objectives set by researcher, after developing
aims and objectives literature reviews is being conducted in which different views of autors will

founds. Those informations helped in solving the main problem and accomplishing goals. After
that research is being conducted which helped scholar in identifying the type of researcher along
with inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Data analysis: Data analysis means modify and making some changes in collected data
with the main aim of making it reliable and accurate. It can be said that collected data does not
have accuracy at all so, research find requirement to analyse it accordingly. There are mainly 2
types of tools available for analysing or making accurate data such as qualitative and
quantitative. Qualitative type of data analysis is being used for analysing qualitative data which
are being collected in the form on words or non-numerical. On the other hand, quantitative type
of data analysis tools is suitable for quantitative data or those data which are being collected in
the form of numbers (Friese, 2019).
It is important for researcher to follow data analysis step just after data collection step for
making this study reliable and make all reviewers and readers aware about the knowledge which
researcher has. By making the study accurate, researcher can make reviewers believe in the study
and it can only be possible by data analysis. With thematic data analysis, researcher make data
accurate in secondary data.
Sampling: Sample refers a group of people which may be known as target people in
research. It is not possible for researcher to collect data from the whole population so, they select
a group of people which is known as sample. On the other hand, sampling is a process of
selecting the main target or a group of people for getting reliable and effective data. It is
important for researcher to complete and follow this step for making its study successful and
collecting reliable and accurate data from target people. There are 2 types of sampling such as
random and non-random. In the type of random sampling, researcher select people randomly and
there is no factor which is being considered by researcher at the time of selecting sample.
Whereas, in non-random type, people are being selected on the basis of some factors. There are
chances of biasness and favouritism. So, generally researcher avoids selecting this type. It has
some disadvantages and advantages (Puy and et.al., 2018). If researcher select this type of
sampling then they select sample on the basis of age, experience which may give accurate data
sometimes. It depends upon the nature and type of the research project. For this study, researcher
focuses on random sampling method in order to increase morale and make sample feel valued.
With the help of internet and making use of articles, researcher complete the process of sampling

and gathering informations about the topic of investigating role of strategies of the government
in preventing breast cancer aged 25-45.
4. Ethical consideration:
Ethics and respect is interrelated with each other. It can be defined as an ability of an individual
to talk and interact with people in a very polite and efficient manner. It also refers ways of
performing things in a manner which do not hurt anyone feelings and make them feel respected.
It consists of some moral principles which allow an individual to identify and make difference
between the right and the wrong act. Identification the difference between the right and the
wrong is important in research study for making the study successful and reliable. So, it is
important for scholar to conduct the research in ethical manner and being calm in all type of
situations. There are some codes of ethics which need to be followed by researcher while
conducting research such as:
 To show respect and maintain dignity while collecting informations and communicating
participants.
 To keep all data of participants safe and secure. To not disclose sensitive and private data
of participant and an organization with anyone.
 To make an effective use of communication medium for removing barriers of
miscommunication as well as conflicts.
 To make participants feel valued and respected by providing them equal opportunity of
sharing their views.
Chapter 3: Literature review
1. Introduction:
A literature review refers a survey of some scholarly sources which includes: Books,
articles etc. There are different types of articles present related to different topics. Researcher
makes an effective use of these secondary informations relevant to their research topic. Literature
is being written as a part of thesis in order to situate all informations and work.
Study design: Secondary
2. Interpretation of findings
Theme 1: Prevalence of breast cancer in Haringey

Prevalence refers a data or a measure of accounting those people who are suffering from
this problem of associated with a particular condition and knowing that how many people have
survived after diagnosis and effective treatment. In the context of UK, it is stated that currently
approximate 5550,000 women surviving with breast cancer. As per the Performance Report In
Haringey, (2013-2014), in the year of 2007-2008, the total population of Haringey was 18,586 in
which approximate 9,752 women were diagnosed. It can be said that the coverage in Haringey
was 52.4% which makes it the 3rd lowest in the country. It is also stated that over 45,000 women
diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the UK and it is one of the main cause of cancer. In the
context of Haringey or London Boroughs can be said that they do not have an effective uptake
to breast screening.
In addition, Analysis of Cancer Survival Rates, (2017) it is also stated that a fifth of
Haringey patients presented as emergencies. It can also be said that as compared to England, the
total number of emergency admission with breast cancer per 10,000 population was lower for
Haringey in the year of 2012-2013. In the year of 2013-2014 approximate 98.9% of cancer
patients in NHS Haringey treated or received their very first treatment. This rate is considered
higher than the England average. Haringey performed across a wide range of measure.
Approximate 12,633 Women with age group of 53-70 of Haringey in the year of 2011-2012 were
diagnosed or screened which is 65% of the total number of screened people. It is also stated that
security committee of Haringey council is carrying out a review of breast screening services in
the Borough. The main aim of this survey is to identify that how many women has taken
effective use of interventions and why some women have not taken use of that interventions.
After identifying the data and this information, they will also suggest them ways accordingly and
tell them about ways of getting access to screening services. The main aim of performing all
these functions is to prevent women against breast cancer at an early stage and improve their
lives.
So, from the above data, it can be said that London Borough Haringey is now focusing
more on developing strategies regarding this and taking effective steps in preventing women
against breast cancer.
Theme 2: Factors associated to breast cancer
There are several factors which are associated with breast cancer and become the reason
of critical breast cancer in Women. According to the Shakib, Inungu and Jahanfar, (2019) the

main reason is age. The main reason of this is the longer an individual lives, more opportunities
for genetic damage in the body. With increasing age, body become less capable to adapt changes
as well as repairing genetic damages. In addition, Sherman and et.al., (2018) stated that exposure
to estrogen hormone in females is other main risk factor of breast cancer which is also not in our
hand to control. This estrogen hormone in females stimulates breast cell growth. This exposure
and secretion of Estrogen hormone over long periods of time without break becomes the reason
of breast cancer. It is stated that we can not control it but there are some ways by which chances
of this risk factor can be minimized such as to decrease taking hormone replacement therapy and
control over weight and reduces weight and overweight can become reason of increasing this risk
factor, . All these factors are in our hand and by focusing in these factors chances of risk factors
of breast cancer can be minimized. Shaw and et.al., (2018) also said that oral contraceptive use is
also one of the main risk factor. Birth control pills is considered the main factor which increases
risk in women of breast cancer. It is also stated that those women who stopped using oral
contraceptive more than 10 years ago are less likely to have any type of increased breast cancer
risk.. Among all these factors, weight and oral use contraceptive use are one of the main factor
which need to be stopped. In this context it can be said that being overweight can become the
reason of breast cancer in women. One of the main reason of this factor is fat tissues release
estrogen after menopause when ovaries stop producing the hormone. So, it can be said that
having more fat tissues means having higher estrogen level and exposure of estrogen to the great
extent is one of the main reason of breast cancer.
So, from the above it can be said that there are several risk factors which can be reduced.
So, it is important to have awareness and knowledge about breast cancer because until people do
not have knowledge about breast cancers like its symptoms, factors then they cannot prevent it at
an early stage. They also require having knowledge of governmental interventions for breast
cancer in order to prevent themselves in an efficient manner.
Theme: 3 Investigation of health implications of breast cancer
There are several changes happen due to breast cancer or it can say that breast cancer
effect the body to the great extent. These changes sometimes help an individual in identification
of breast cancer because it occurs to the great extent. As per the Deshmukh and et.al., (2017)
some areas of body which is majorly effected because of breast cancer include: lungs, liver,
brain, muscles. Or it can also be said that the early type of effects of breast cancer mainly depend

upon the type of breast cancer. One of the main implication or effects of breast cancer is it
changes to breast size of people who are suffering from breast cancer. In this context, it can be
said that it starts in one breast which form a newly lump in breast. It is an early sign as well as
effect of breast cancer which occur in early stage. That newly formed lump is painless and in
irregular shape. But in some cases this lump may be round and painful. So, it is important for
people to take treatment or screen for cancer if they feel any type of mass or lump. The main
factor and a type of breast cancer which cause lump in breast is known as: invasive ductal
carcinoma. In this context they also stated that there are high chances to spread this type of
cancer in other areas of the body.
In addition, O’Neill, Zhong and Hofer, (2017) said that breast cancer affect other parts of
the body including breast which are: nervous system, muscular system, immune system,
integumentary system etc. They also stated that in later stage of breast cancer, tumour spread to
other lymph nodes which can direct affect immune system as it weakened it. In these regards to it
can be said that the first affect area which become the reason of weakened immune and excretory
system is underarms. They become first affected because it is close to the breast. Women feel
swelling under their arms. In the context of nervous system, it is stated that when breast cancer
spread to the brain than it leads in a host of neurological affects. Some changes and effects of
breast cancer in nervous system include: headache, confusion, blurry vision, memory loss etc.
Weigh gain, hair loss, cardiac damage, menstrual changes like hot flashes, vaginal dryness,
infertility are some other health implications or affects of breast cancer. So, it can be said that
breast cancer affect many areas of human body and in the later stages it becomes difficult to
prevent it and it lead to death when it spreads in other systems of the body.
Theme: 4 Effectiveness of government strategies on preventing breast cancer
In the context of roles and effectiveness of government strategies regarding breast cancer,
it can be said that there are number of people who have been diagnosed with it. It is also stated
that the government of the UK has developed some regulations, education and support program
with the main aim of creating an environment in which people will manage and maintain a good
level of physical activity as well as good nutrient. The main mission of the government in this
context is to prevent cancer and creating a culture of health and decreasing the dying number of
cancer. As per the views of Wilkinson, (2018) many countries have implemented mammography
screening programmes and others with the main aim of decreasing BC mortality rate. It is an

effective as well as valuable tool because that helps professionals or healthcare providers in
detecting breast cancer at an early stage when people can be prevented by providing cost
effective as well as less expensive treatments. Biopsies, chemo-preventive medications are also
being given to women at high risk for breast cancer which is being developed by the government
(Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening Policies in Countries With Medium-Low Incidence
Rates, 2018).
Workplace Health Promotion, (2018) one of the main aim and effectiveness of
government strategies on preventing breast cancer is they reduce out-of-pocket cost for breast
cancer screening. In this context, it is also stated that women that feel any changes in the size of
their breast and other symptoms of cancer they go for screening as all interventions by
government are cost effective so, it increases demand for. Due to this cost-effectiveness of
interventions, total number of breast cancer screening rates is increased and those who found
victim of this disease are being given excellent treatment and services at an early stage which
help them in preventing them and improving health. These on-site interventions or mobile
services screening decrease all barriers that occur in the path of taking qualitative screening
services such as cost. It is also stated that people who are suffering from breast cancer, they are
reminded about their next screening services with the help of mail and postcard. So, additional
services provided to them is considered one of the other effectiveness.
So, it can be said that early diagnosis, mammography screening, breast self examination,
clinical breast examination are some effective screening or cancer prevent services provided as
well as developed by the government. All these are playing a vital role in preventing women
against breast cancer at an early stage and it is one of the main reason which has reduced dying
rate of breast cancer.
3. Summarization of the issue
The main issue of this research was lack of human capital and the reason of developing
this research is to identify strategies which are being developed by the government for breast
cancer, Ratio of death by breast cancer is increasing so, it is important to identify best
approaches to decrease them. Some business environmental changes can create problems in
developing research

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION and Recommendations
DATA ANALYSIS
1. What is the main challenge faced by women, suffering from breast cancer?
2. What is the main factor which causes breast cancer in women?
3. What is the most common age at which breast cancer occur?
4. What are some ways to solve problems of breast cancer in women?
5. Do you think that governmental strategies to prevent breast cancer are effective?
Interpretation 1: In the context of challenges and changes occur in the body of women, some
people said that integumentary or skin surrounding the breast become dry, itchy, read and swell
as well. In some cases many women feel dimpling of the skin along their breasts as they look
like as dimples of an orange peel. Whereas, some other people stated that breast cancer also
affects lungs by which women feel problem in breathing, chronic cough, oedema etc. All these
problems weakened immune system
Interpretation 2: On the question of factors associated with breast cancer or some changes
which women face while this disease, some people stated that one of the main factor of breast
cancer is age. It is stated that the main chances of developing diseases is age. Approximate 95%
women have been diagnosed yet with breast cancer over the age of 35-40. They also said that
this factor in not our hand, and we cannot control it but it is identified or considered that ageing
process is one of the main risk factor for breast cancer. On the other hand, some people said that
there are some other factors which are associated to breast cancer and are controllable such as
weight, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, oral contraceptive use etc.
Interpretation 3: In the context of common age and the most likely age of breast cancer in
women, some people of the UK said that women with age group of 53-70 are more likely to get
affected with this problem. On the other hand, some people said that it depends upon the diet and

physical activities of women which they do. It does not mainly depend upon the age as there are
some other factors which become the reason of breast cancer.
Interpretation 4: In the regards to strategies and ways of decreasing rates and chances of breast
cancer, some people said that with the help of following a healthy diet, exercising, this risk can
be reduced. Some other people stated that by not consuming alcohol and not taking combined
hormone replacement therapy chances of breast cancer can be reduced.
Interpretation 5: In the question of effectiveness of governmental strategies, some people said
that governmental strategies regarding preventing breast cancer are effective. They also said that
Government has developed and bring mobile services screening in use which is also reducing
out-of-pocket expenses of people. Some people also said that by providing insurance converge,
people or employees can reduce the cost for cancer screening as they require paying only for
screening tests. But some people believe that governmental strategies are not that much effective
as they could be.
CONCLUSION
From the above study, it has been summarized that governmental strategies like cost
effective treatments to women who are suffering from breast cancer played a vital role. It is
preventing women against breast cancer which is also improve health of them. Further, it has
also shown some factors which are associated to breast cancer pr those factors which become the
reason of breast cancer in women. Some common factors which this study has shown are: age,
unhealthy diet, consuming of alcohol and non-nutritional food products, lack of physical
activities, taking oral contraceptive etc. This study has discussed some changes which happen at
the time of breast cancer in women such as redness around the skin of breast, dryness, and mood
swings etc. All these changes affect their sexual life which creates several problems in living a
normal life. Lastly, this study has shown some elements of research methodology which played

an important role in solving the main research problem as well as helping researcher in
accomplishing the main pre-determined goal.
Recommendations
On the basis of above study, it can be recommended to women that they should focus on
exercising and healthy diet. Some factors which were identified related to breast cancer was
unhealthy diet, smoking, use of contraceptic pills and lack of exercise. All these factors can be
controlled by people at their own. It can also be recommended that the government should make
compulsory treatment for all on monthly basis. By this breast cancer and other types of diseases
can be analysed at initial stage and it can prevent women.
REFLECTION
From the above study, I can say that i have learned so many new things regarding breast
cancer like factors which are associated with this disease. Some main and common factors which
become the reason of breast cancer which identified is unhealthy diet, lack of exercise,
consuming alcohol and smoking to the great extent. I also found some factors which are not in
the hand of women to control such as: age. Further, by developing this study, I found that
government is taking an active participation and playing an effective role in preventing breast
cancer and decreasing rates of breast cancer. I also learned the way of collecting informations
relevant to the topic and importance of communication skill in order to interact with different
types of people. Data collection as well as data analysis also plays an important role in research
development as it helps researcher in solving the main research problem.

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