Tourism Management and Development

This report explores the impact of tourism on the UK economy, focusing on London as a destination. It discusses the contribution of tourism to the GDP, the number of tourists visiting London, and their spending patterns. It also examines the tourism product portfolio, government tourism policies and plans, and the interests and values of stakeholders in the industry. The report highlights the importance of sustainable tourism and the need for responsible growth in the sector.

Tourism Management and
Development

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................3
Tourists...................................................................................................................................3
Tourism product portfolio: Attraction, amenities, accessibility.............................................8
Government tourism policy and plans:..................................................................................9
Stakeholder interests and values:.........................................................................................10
Tourism sustainability issues:...........................................................................................11
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Tourism in UK is the leading sector which contributes majorly to the GDP of the
country. In this report, London is taken as the destination for the purpose of conducting
historical analysis in the field of tourism development. Many nations are getting significant
portion of their incomes from this industry. It giveseconomic significance, with countless
voyagers around the globe every year, despite the fact that it has a dependable in condition, it
might prompt environment destruction, waste and contamination. Worldwide travel industry
got through the phases of time and it has improved for a considerable length of time, and it
massively affects economy, condition and society.
MAIN BODY
The UK travel industry produces 9% of national GDP, contributing £127 billion in net
worth included (GVA) to the economy. London's travel industry area assumes a significant
role: the city has since quite a while ago been a gateway to the remainder of the UK with
explicit attractions, tourist spots and authentic locales referred to as the driving draws
(Powell, and Iankova, 2016). The changes that took place in the destination in respect to the
changes that have evolved or have changed over the period of time are stated below.
Tourists
The below graph presents about the overnight and domestic day tourism in London. In
the year 2016, it is 31.2 million which is 18% over the five years. London welcomed 19.1
million oversea visits which is 2.6% increase as compared to the year 2015 despite the
European Union (EU) referendum. The level of the travellers undertaking the overnight visit
to London were moderate s in the year 2016 it has shown a decline by 6.5% in comparison to
the previous years. Even though, the 5 year domestic overnight visits have been unequal or
stable but 2016 has represented an increase of 9.1% in compare and contrast to the year 2012.
Simultaneously, the volume of localvisitors coming to London for a day trip arrived at 337
million inthe year 2016. This was a 4.7% increment contrasted with the earlier year, showing
that London likewise stays an attractive destination to visit for the remainder of the UK. This
is by all accounts indicates of a pattern among residential crowds in the year 2016 of picking
to take more continuous short outings to the capital.

(Source: https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/insights/london-tourism-report-
2016-17.pdf)
(Source:https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/insights/london-tourism-report-
2016-17.pdf)
The below graph indicates that the regardless of the expansion in abroad travellers’
volumes in the year 2016, the nominal spend from global markets remained relatively
consistent in contrast with 2015, at £11.9 billion. This was because of a slight decrease in
normal spend per visit in the capital. Nonetheless, generally speaking spend was up 3.7%
during the last quarter of the year 2016, while high expenditure levels during the initial three
months of 2017 brought about great year-on-year development of 17.6%.

(Source:https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/insights/london-tourism-report-
2016-17.pdf)
International visits
(Source:https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/insights/london-tourism-report-
2016-17.pdf)
The above chart shows that the volume of overseas visitors in London outperformed
and reached to 19 million for the very first time in 2016, after a 2.6 percent expansion against
the earlier year (Number of International Visitors to London. 2019). The number of visits has
expanded year-on-year from the year 2009. However, the overall abroad spend in the year
2016 remained like 2015 (- 0.4 percent), regardless of the expansion in traveller’s volume and
nights.

The territorial breakdown of abroad visitors in London during the year 2016 stays like
earlier years, with Europe contributing 66%. The portion of abroad inbound visits from North
America is up by very nearly 1% against 2015, at 14.5%, while Australasia's offer has
declined somewhat (- 0.3 percent) contrasted with the earlier year. The five-year picture is
certain for most districts; however, beginning from generally low bases, visitors in London
from the Middle East have ascended by 48 percent against the year 2011, while visits from
Asia have expanded by 35.9% in the course of 5 years. Numbers from the higher volume
markets have additionally risen altogether, with 27% development in European visitors and a
21.8% expansion from North America since 2011. Decreases have just been seen from
Australasia and Africa during this period.
(Source:https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/insights/london-tourism-report-
2016-17.pdf)

(Source:https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/insights/london-tourism-report-
2016-17.pdf)
The above graphical representation provides a glimpse about the of the visits to
London over the yearsand the changes in it. Of 19.1 million abroad visitors in London during
the year 2016, practically half were for a vacation (48.9 percent), at 9.3 million. This is a
slight decrease against the 49.6 percent share that holiday visits spoke to in 2015, regardless
of a 1.3 percent expansion in the volume of such visits (Duro and Turrión-Prats, 2019). The
extent of abroad outings to visit companions and family members (VFR) expanded
marginally contrasted with 2015, making up a little more than a fourth of every single abroad
appearance in London, contrasted with 23.4 percent the earlier year. This is because of a huge
11.3 percent year-on-year increment in the volume of VFR trips, from 4.3 million out of 2015
to 4.8 million in the year 2016. The extent of business visits has felled somewhat, from 20
percent of every single abroad outing in the year 2015 to 19 percent in 2016, after a 2.5
percent drop in the volume of such visits contrasted with 2015. In the course of recent years,
there has been noteworthy development in abroad VFR, with a 41.9 percent expansion in
such outings recorded somewhere in the range of 2011 and 2016. This thinks about to a 22.4
percent ascend in occasion visits during this period and a 20.8 percent expansion in business
remains.
(Source:https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/insights/london-tourism-report-
2016-17.pdf)

The above graph represents about the volume of domestictrips in respect to overnight
to London. It can be seen that it declined over all outing purposes in the year 2016 contrasted
with the year 2015. This followed uncommon development in holiday and VFR trips in 2015
contrasted with the earlier year. The quantity of holiday visits fell by 2.3%y-o-y in 2016, after
a 27 percent expansion against the earlier year in 2015. Despite the fact that the example of
such visits in the course of recent years has been lopsided, there was a 8.6% expansion in
2016 when analysed against 2011.
Rather than the patterns seen from the overseas market, VFR took the greatest tumble
in 2016, declining by 11 percent against 2015. This was following 12.9 percent development
from the year 2014 to the year 2015. Such visits were up 5.2 percent contrasted with to the
year 2011, however this again follows uneven growth in the course of recent years (Tourism:
statistics and policy. 2019).There has been a decrease in the business visits in the year 2016
was minor, at 0.9 percent. Business travels from the local market have been so far surged in
the year 2013, with year-on-year decreases found in the years since.
Tourism product portfolio: Attraction, amenities, accessibility
The London tourism is one of the highest growing facility where UK focuses to build
on various metrics and for leveraging wider global accessibility within world paradigms, and
for growing new relative attraction onto new working horizons. There are various
accommodation, hospitality, transport facilities, guided tours and reservation services onto
which London focuses for bringing on developed functional efficiency onto new working
paradigms through which there have been strong synergy of innovation developed further.
The London Tourism is widely active for communicating best services to global customers
who have been rapidly growing onto new working goals, amenities such as best travel
agencies and reservation facilities have been strongly developing within London and various
cities such as Wales, England , Scotland where large population from all over world come in
(Alrawadieh, Karayilan and Cetin, 2019). The tourism of UK is one of the best within world
where cities recieve large number of tousists and travellers from all parts of world having
wide productive fcailities and advaentourous outlay of various technical marketing spread
world wide. The accebility factors are strong and widley active for communicating new
dterminants, of best travel factors and new end consumer travel services where london have
best marketing factors used within all productive paramters of tourism and hospitality onto
whcih new goals have been strongly dveloped.

Government tourism policy and plans:
Tourism in London is one of the most important industry where government focuses
to promote wide avenues and for welcoming global overseas visitors from various corners of
world. The London tourist board set up by industry representatives which plays major role
onto promoting London and for providing various tourism facilities and wider productive
expansion. There are various innovative government tourism plans, policies through which
UK has witnessed strong responsible rise through planning , research and development
which has developed stronger synergy of advanced administration facilities within all
paradigms.
 Product approach: The product approach is another innovative tourism approach
relating to consideration of tourism products involving wide factors of production,
marketing and consumption where development and finance factors are focused
along, for engagement of wide factors of growth within world paradigms, The product
approach also evidently targets new determinant for innovative planning, keen
synergy of growth objectives and for encompassing innovation within world tourism
industry.
 Managerial approach: This is connected with management activities such as
planning, researching, marketing and controlling vital for stronger operation
functions which establishes new working development. It also focuses on building
dynamic growthvital for major operations within lifestyle and tourism functions
where modern tourism is widely brought under importance for providing best comfort
facilities worldwide (Buhalis and Sinarta, 2019).
 Geographical approach: This can be understood as relative wider and more popular
tourism approach where geography parameters such as climate, landscape,
environment factors are focused strongly for economical development and wide
transformational services for travellers from all around the world where there have
been rapid wide rise coming on. The approach specially focuses onto goals for better
advancement within London Tourism facilities where considering land use, economic
impacts, demographical aspects, and various cultural problems where recreational
properties are widely important. It also educates tourism and movement within
destinations according to landscape measures, physical planning and economic
difficulties where economic social planning is important.

Stakeholder interests and values:
There are various stakeholders within tourism industry where UK government focuses
within their functions for bringing on stronger development, new working scenario and wider
focus onto how international standards can be achieved. Some most important stakeholders
are as follows:
 Tourism companies and operations: The UK tourism companies and operations are
strongly connected with use of digital marketing and new end operational functions,
where best functional role shall be given to ho advanced innovation shall be buoilt on
among tourism companies. Operations within tourism companies services shall be
widely innovative for stronger consumer advancement, new synergy leverage goals
through which new promotional objectives can be understood. The companies within
London tourism needs to promote wider technical exploration within geographical
expansion where wider consumer segments can be effectively reached along with
wider innovation working goals (Ivanov, Gretzel. and Webster, 2019).
 Tourists (local and foreign): The tourists coming on within London from local and
foreign boundaries are widely important parameters who are major part of stronger
sustainable tourism industry. London being one of the most visited city within world
where every year millions of people are coming for exploration and new end
commercial business travels as well as leisure travel which enables to bring on wider
functional efficiency onto new goals. Value of tourists coming in London , Wales,
Scotland are widely important for determining growth objectives within economic
fundamentals in the business industry where globally economic scenario has been
widely demanding new innovation functional paradigms. This also emphasise
working objectives onto how new working operations advancement shall be governed
with working on wider paradigms, quest and digitally connecting various companies
to world tourism perspectives.
 Utilities and infrastructure: The London tourism industry has also new stakeholder
and an integral part within management of wide world class amenities, perspectives of
growth where utilities and infrastructure play major role to improve various functional
elements. The utilities supplies and companies coordinating working actions within
tourism , hospitality services are highly important for bringing on new development
and also for bringing on world class standards. Role and vision behind this can be
understood with the fact that travel paradigms within world are reaching new growth

perspectives and for gaining stronger business positioning among tourists who come
in every year for travel purposes (Tsaur, Hsu and Lin, 2019).
Tourism sustainability issues:
The sustainability issues are also becoming one of the most important objective whre
tourism , hospitality shall focus on for reaching higher determinants and working onto wider
keen synergy levels among new work horizons. The sustainability factor is widely important
for tourism sector for understanding new levels of expansion among global parameters,
keenly focusing onto new factors of working onto wider working objectives for gaining
stronger working objectives.
 Carbon emissions: The increasing tourism sector industries are rapidly gaining wide
sustainability issues such as green house gas emissions contributors within
development of international travel and rapid increase within traffic contribution
which has widely lead to carbon footprint increase. There shall be strong regulatory
increase in efforts to limit operational factors which are impacting world paradigms,
sustainable issues are highly important for focusing within changing paradigms
which has been widely spreading new goal within London tourism industry (Wang,
Hung and Huang, 2019).
 Energy consumption and water wastage: This is another parameter where energy
consumption , water wastage fundamentals have been widely becoming one of the
major setback where vast focus shall be governed for improving resources utilisation
and for factoring growth with sustainable business avenues. Energy consumption
may reduce energy efficiency levels and high increase within wastage of
water ,natural resources where tourism has become one of the major concern
impacting functional advancement within world paradigms. London tourism industry
has to rapidly think on use of innovative strategies and new eco friendly sustainable
techniques for stronger responsible tourism and hospitality services.
 Job creation and contribution to local economy: This is also widely one of the major
issue where focus shall be developed further for creating responsible tourism facilities
where it can be analysed that contribution to local economy is widely important. The
rapidly growing modern internationalisation has reduced local communication metrics
and business avenues within local economy, which has been impacting regional
growth objectives and employment levels onto vast paradigms. The London tourism
should also work on new fucntional advancement for creation of jobs, within local

economy which will be a step towards responsible growth by tourism within various
metrics for long term positive sustainable economic growth (Jones, and Wynn. 2019).
CONCLUSION
It can be summed up from the above that the London has gone too far in regard to the
tourism which has resulted into increase in the tourism in the capital. The place is included in
the top destination to be visited by the visitors. This has happened because of its attractive
place, amenities and the accessibility along with government policy and plans for
encouraging tourism and how it overcome the sustainability issues.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alrawadieh, Z., Karayilan, E. and Cetin, G., 2019. Understanding the challenges of refugee
entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality. The Service Industries
Journal, 39(9-10), pp.717-740.
Buhalis, D. and Sinarta, Y., 2019. Real-time co-creation and nowness service: lessons from
tourism and hospitality. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(5),
pp.563-582.
Duro, J.A. and Turrión-Prats, J., 2019. Tourism seasonality worldwide. Tourism Management
Perspectives, 31, pp.38-53.
Ivanov, S., Gretzel, U.,. and Webster, C., 2019. Progress on robotics in hospitality and
tourism: a review of the literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Technology.
Jones, P. and Wynn, M. G., 2019. The circular economy, natural capital and resilience in
tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management.
Powell, R. and Iankova, K., 2016. Dark London: Dimensions and characteristics of dark
tourism supply in the UK capital. Anatolia, 27(3), pp.339-351.
Tsaur, S.H., Hsu, F.S. and Lin, H., 2019. Workplace fun and work engagement in tourism
and hospitality: The role of psychological capital. International Journal of
Hospitality Management, 81, pp.131-140.
Wang, S., Hung, K. and Huang, W.J., 2019. Motivations for entrepreneurship in the tourism
and hospitality sector: A social cognitive theory perspective. International
Journal of Hospitality Management, 78, pp.78-88.
Online
Number of International Visitors to London. 2019. [Online]. Available
Through:<https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/number-international-visitors-london>.
Tourism: statistics andpolicy. 2019. [Online]. Available
Through:<https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06022/
SN06022.pdf>.